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Qian, Zhongx2010,Ji,Jung, Wonx2010,Kyo,Kang, Kyongx2010,Hwa,Ryu, BoMi,Kim, Sex2010,Kwon,Je, Jaex2010,Young,Heo, Soox2010,Jin,Oh, Chulhong,Kang, Dox2010,Hyung,Park, Won Sun,Choi, Ilx201 Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2012 Journal of phycology Vol.48 No.2
<P>Microalgae are major primary producers of organic matter in aquatic environments through their photosynthetic activities. Fermented microalga (<I>Pavlova lutheri</I> Butcher) preparation (FMP) is the product of yeast fermentation by <I>Hansenula polymorpha</I>. It was tested for the antioxidant activities including lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, free‐radical‐scavenging activity, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on mouse macrophages (RAW264.7 cell), and inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in human myeloid cells (HL60). FMP exhibited the highest antioxidant activity on free‐radical scavenging, inhibitory intracellular ROS, and inhibited MPO activity. MTT [3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay showed no cytotoxicity in mouse macrophages (RAW264.7 cell), human myeloid cells (HL60), and human fetal lung fibroblast cell line (MRC‐5). Furthermore, the antioxidative mechanism of FMP was evaluated by protein expression levels of antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and glutathione [GSH]) using Western blot. The results obtained in the present study indicated that FMP is a potential source of natural antioxidant.</P>
Low‐Voltage Pulsed Electric Field Sterilization on a Microfluidic Chip
Liu, Linlin,Zhao, Liping,Yang, Jun,Wan, Xiaoping,Hu, Ning,Yeh, Lix2010,Hsien,Joo, Sang W.,Qian, Shizhi WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 Electroanalysis Vol.25 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A polyimide substrate based microfluidic chip with thousands of comb‐shaped microelectrodes has been designed, fabricated, and tested for sterilization of bacteria by using pulsed electric field. The performance of bacteria sterilization as functions of the electric field strength, pulse number and width, treatment buffer, bacteria growth status, and bacteria enrichment by positive dielectrophoresis has been experimentally investigated on the microfluidic chip. Experimental results show that only 100 V are sufficient to obtain good sterilization of <I>Escherichia coli</I>. Higher electric field strength, bacteria enrichment by positive dielectrophoresis, longer pulse time, buffer with fewer components and nutritions, and suitable bacteria growth status also improve the sterilization of bacteria. In addition, configuration of the microelectrode array affects bacteria sterilization. This microfluidic device allows one to preconcentrate bacteria to a region with high electric field strength by using positive dielectrophoresis, and subsequently kill the enriched bacteria by applying a pulsed electric field through the same microelectrode array.</P>
Qian, Zhix2010,Gang,Xia, Xiaox2010,Xia,Lee, Sang Yup Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2011 Biotechnology and bioengineering Vol.108 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A five carbon linear chain diamine, cadaverine (1,5‐diaminopentane), is an important platform chemical having many applications in chemical industry. Bio‐based production of cadaverine from renewable feedstock is a promising and sustainable alternative to the petroleum‐based chemical synthesis. Here, we report development of a metabolically engineered strain of <I>Escherichia coli</I> that overproduces cadaverine in glucose mineral salts medium. First, cadaverine degradation and utilization pathways were inactivated. Next, <SMALL>L</SMALL>‐lysine decarboxylase, which converts <SMALL>L</SMALL>‐lysine directly to cadaverine, was amplified by plasmid‐based overexpression of the <I>cadA</I> gene under the strong <I>tac</I> promoter. Furthermore, the <SMALL>L</SMALL>‐lysine biosynthetic pool was increased by the overexpression of the <I>dapA</I> gene encoding dihydrodipicolinate synthase through the replacement of the native promoter with the strong <I>trc</I> promoter in the genome. The final engineered strain was able to produce 9.61 g L<SUP>−1</SUP> of cadaverine with a productivity of 0.32 g L<SUP>−1</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP> by fed‐batch cultivation. The strategy reported here should be useful for the bio‐based production of cadaverine from renewable resources. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2011; 108:93–103. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>
Li, Qian,Wang, Shuyu,Lee, Dongx2010,Kyou,Tang, Jianping,Niu, Xiaorui,Hui, Pinhong,Gutowski Jr., William J.,Dairaku, Koji,McGregor, John L.,Katzfey, Jack,Gao, Xuejie,Wu, Jia,Hong, Songx2010,You,Wan Wiley 2016 International journal of climatology Vol.36 No.13
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Under the framework of an project ‘Building Asian Climate Change Scenarios by Multi‐Regional Climate Models Ensemble’, the ability of eight regional climate models and two fine‐resolution global climate models to reproduce late 20th century (1981–2000) precipitation climatology is assessed. Future precipitation change (2041–2060) under the A1B scenario is also quantified by applying four different ensemble methods: equal weighting, weighted mean (WM), reliability ensemble averaging (REA) and performance‐based ensemble averaging, after applying fourfold cross‐validation using observation and multi‐model‐simulated precipitation. The results indicate that the ensemble of simulated precipitation outperforms any single RCM in many aspects. Among the four ensemble approaches, the WM and REA methods show better skill in improving the simulation results, and are used for ensemble prediction of regional climate in Asia. Under the A1B scenario, the WM method estimates future precipitation change of approximately 0.2 mm day<SUP>−1</SUP> with less precipitation in northern and western China and northern India, and more precipitation in most other areas in Asia. The future annual precipitation will decrease by 0.1‐0.5 mm day<SUP>−1</SUP> in northern India, Pakistan and the central area of southern China. No significant change is found over eastern Kazakhstan, Mongolia, north‐central and western China.</P>
Wang, Zhangx2010,qian,Perumalsamy, Haribalan,Wang, Mo,Shu, Shaohua,Ahn, Youngx2010,Joon John Wiley Sons, Ltd 2016 Pest Management Science Vol.72 No.5
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>BACKGROUND</B></P><P><I>Anopheles sinensis</I>, <I>Aedes aegypti</I> and <I>Aedes albopictus</I> and <I>Culex pipiens pallens</I> mosquitoes transmit malaria, dengue fever and West Nile virus diseases respectively. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of 17 constituents from <I>Magnolia denudata</I> seed hydrodistillate (MD‐SHD) and four experimental MD‐SHD liquid formulations (10–50 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> liquid) to third‐instar larvae from insecticide‐susceptible <I>Cx. p. pallens</I> and <I>Ae. aegypti</I> as well as wild <I>Ae. albopictus</I> and <I>An. sinensis</I>.</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>2,4‐Di‐<I>tert</I>‐butylphenol was the most toxic constituent (LC<SUB>50</SUB> 1.98–3.90 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP>), followed by linoleic acid (7.19–10.49 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP>), towards larvae of the four mosquito species. High toxicity was also produced by nerolidol, (±)‐limonene, <I>α</I>‐terpinene and <I>γ</I>‐terpinene (LC<SUB>50</SUB> 9.84–36.42 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP>). The toxicity of these compounds was virtually identical towards larvae of the four mosquito species, even though <I>An. sinensis</I> larvae were resistant to deltamethrin and temephos. The MS‐SHD 50 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> liquid resulted in 92–100% control towards larvae of the four mosquito species, while commercial temephos 200 g L<SUP>−1</SUP> emulsifiable concentrate was almost ineffective towards <I>An. sinensis</I> larvae (30% mortality).</P><P><B>CONCLUSION</B></P><P>Reasonable mosquito control in the aquatic environment can be achieved by MD‐SHD 50 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> liquid as a potential larvicide. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry</P>
Tang, Jianping,Li, Qian,Wang, Shuyu,Lee, Dongx2010,Kyou,Hui, Pinhong,Niu, Xiaorui,Gutowski Jr., William J.,Dairaku, Koji,McGregor, John,Katzfey, Jack,Gao, Xuejie,Wu, Jia,Hong, Songx2010,You,Wang, Wiley 2016 International journal of climatology Vol.36 No.13
<P><B>ABSTRACT</B></P><P>Under the Asia‐Pacific Network for Global Change (APN) project ‘Building Asian Climate Change Scenarios by Multi‐Regional Climate Models Ensemble’ (RMIP III, Regional Model Intercomparision Project), the simulation results of eight regional climate models (RCMs) and two fine‐resolution global climate models are validated for reproducibility of the current surface air temperature climatology (1981–2000), and are used to generate surface air future temperature projections (2041–2060) over the CORDEX‐EA (A Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment‐East Asia) domain. Four ensemble methods, namely, the equal weighting, the weighted mean, the reliability ensemble averaging, and the performance‐based ensemble averaging, are employed to generate the multi‐model projection of regional climate change over the region. The results show that the regional temperature ensembles of the present climate obtained from all four methods can outperform a single RCM result in aspects of the spatial distribution as well as the seasonal variation over East Asia. The four ensemble methods are then used to project the regional temperature climatology under the IPCC emission scenario of A1B for 2041–2060. Compared with the control climate of 1981–2000, the annual mean temperature of the future climate (2041–2060) increases 1–2 °C in low latitude areas and 2–3 °C in middle–high latitude areas over Asia.</P>
Flak, Dorota,Chen, Qianli,Mun, Bongjin Simon,Liu, Zhi,Rx119,kas, Mieczysław,Braun, Artur Elsevier 2018 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.455 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Fundamental understanding of charge transfer reaction is essential for the surface and interface engineering of transition metal oxides. In this study the chemical reactivity towards oxygen and hydrogen (13 Pa) under applied thermal conditions (423–673 K), of two polymorphic forms of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles (γ-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>) are investigated with the combination of <I>in situ</I> ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS) and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (AP-NEXAFS). Our data show that the reactivity of these two polymorphs has a similar character based on the contribution of oxygen vacancy defect states and related material non-stoichiometry. Their exposure to hydrogen at increased temperature results in both cases in the surface reduction. However, γ-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> exhibits more covalent character and undergoes the reduction preferentially with a contribution of metallic Fe<SUP>0</SUP> than Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>, in contrast to α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. Further, upon introduction of oxygen at low temperature of 423 K, rapid re-oxidation process takes place at the Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles surface. Prepared γ-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> nanostructures exhibit in general high n-type and p-type sensor response towards hydrogen, respectively, in a wide concentrations range.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Chemical reactivity investigation of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> polymorph NPs by <I>in situ</I> XPS and NEXAFS. </LI> <LI> Reactivity of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> polymorph NPs is based on the material non-stoichiometry. </LI> <LI> γ-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> more covalent than α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> in particular upon interaction with H<SUB>2</SUB>. </LI> <LI> γ-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> undergoes reduction preferentially with contribution of Fe<SUP>0</SUP> unlike α-Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>. </LI> <LI> Electronic structure changes of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> NPs upon O<SUB>2</SUB> and H<SUB>2</SUB> exposures are reversible. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>