한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 II (표준화 실례) : 2차년도 연구결과 중간 보고

양기상,최선미,최승훈,안규석,박경모,박종현,김성우,신승호,정우열,전병훈,고현,김정범,신상우,김성훈,김동희,권영규,엄현섭,장혜옥 한국한의학연구원 1996 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.2 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the second year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows; - differential diagnosis according to condition of body fluid, differentiation of syndromes according to the state of qi and blood, differential diagnosis according to relative excessiveness or deficiency of yin and yang(氣血陰陽津液辨證) - differentiation of diseases according to pathological changes of the viscera and their interrelation - analyzing and differentiating of febrile diseases in accordance with the theory of the six channels(傷寒辨證) The individual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name(異名), notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs(辨證指標), the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern(證候分析), discrimination of diagnosis pattern(證候鑑別), a way of curing a diseases(治法), prescription(處方), herb in common use(常用藥物), diseases appearing the diagnosis pattern(常見疾病), documents(文獻調査). This study was carried out on the basis of the Chinese documents and references.

자연산 점몰개, Squalidus multimaculatus Hosoya et Jeon의 새인두흡충, Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) 감염

박명애 ( Myoung Ae Park ),서정수 ( Jung Soo Seo ),정승희 ( Sung Hee Jung ),최희정 ( Hee Jung Choi ),전은지 ( Eun Ji Jeon ),지보영 ( Bo Young Jee ),이완옥 ( Wan-ok Lee ),우승호 ( Sung Ho Woo ),이은혜 ( Eun Hye Lee ) 한국어병학회 2011 한국어병학회지 Vol.24 No.2

The metacercariae of Clinostomum complanatum (Rudolphi, 1814) were isolated in the whole body muscle of wild freshwater fish, spotted barbel gudgeon (Squalidus multimaculatus Hosoya et Jeon) from the local river in Yeongdeok, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea. The infected fish with bumpy body surface by yellow grub showed erratic swimming behavior and some fish were died. The isolated excysted metacercariae were tongue shaped and 2.85~5.89 mm × 0.8~1.99 mm in size. 1~98 metacercariae were isolated in individual fish and mean infection intensity was 25. All examined adult spotted barbel gudgeon sizing 7 cm in body length were infected. This is the first report of disease outbreak and mortality caused by C. complanatum infection in wild freshwater fish in Korea.

韓國體育大學生들의 欲求特性에 關한 硏究

全承勳,劉丙烈,朴相龍,金根友 한국체육대학교 부속 체육연구소 1986 체육연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the need traits of KNCPE (Korean national College of Physical Education) students and to find out the number of students to be required special guidance on counceling services. The instrument used investigation was the SNDT (Standardization Need Diagnostic Test) and this include descriptive and validity scales. The results are as follows: 1. Generally, the need of the KNCPE students belong to norm group. 2. The number of students who have abnormal scores in almost every scales are 9 (2.0%; male-5, female-4). 3. The students has above mentioned problem should join in the special guidance on counceling services.

비정부기구(NGO)의 탈북자 지원 경험 분석 및 개선 방향

전우택,윤덕룡,강성록,김형중,민성길 연세대학교 통일연구원 2001 통일연구 Vol.5 No.1

Objectives: Since 1994, the number of North Korean defectors, escaping North Korea and entering South Korea, has increased rapidly.As the number of defectors has increased the role of non-governmental organizations(NGOs) in assisting the defectors' adaptation to their new society has become more important.To increase the successfulness and effectiveness of NGO activities, their experiences were surveyed and analyzed. Methods: Representatives or acting staffs of 11 NGOs presently supporting North Korean defectors' adaptation to South Korean society were interviewed by researchers between June 21 and October 14, 2000.And one focus group discussion meeting with 26 NGO personnel from 13 NGOs was held on November 4, 2000. Results: As for their stated purpose of activity; to help defectors become good citizens (7), to transform defectors into mediate personnel between North and South Korea (5), to protect the human rights of the North Korean people (3), and th advocate their religions (3).Out of the 11 organizations, only 5 had their own educational program for volunteers.The contents of the NGO's support for volunteers were as follows; counseling (7), introduction of employment and job education (6), direct financial support (5), creation of one-to-one relationships (4), assistance for their religious life (2), assistance with English study and mathematics (1), and medical service (1).NGOs listed the following difficulties; financial (7), human relationship with defectors (6), lack of volunteers and management of them (4), problems in the relationship with the South Korean government (3).NGOs stated a need for close cooperation with other NGOs, involving the activation of NGOs Association (5), and co-operative joint actions (4).Conclusion: Firstly, NGOs need to specialize in their field of activity.Their lack of specialized areas and of ability is the man obstacles to NGOs intercooperation and a major impediment on their effective operation.Secondly, NGOs should be careful in their direct financial support to defectors, because such a form of support has many serious governmental cooperation.The government also needs to have a more open mind in its dealings with NGOs.Fourthly, NGOs should cooperate, especially in areas of joint concern such as volunteer education program.Fifthly, NGOs should pay attention to their volunteers' personnel management and development.Sixthly, NGOs need to increase the degree of activeness with which defectors seek support from NGOs.Usually, it is the NGOs, which play an active role in the support process, so that defectors become passive and dependent leading to many problems.

인체 퇴행성 슬관절염의 관절연골의 Nitrotyrosine, Fas발현과 세포자 멸사

전대철,김상우,서승석 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.1

■ Purpose The purpose of this experiment is to examine whether articular cartilage degeneration in human osteoarthritis(OA) are related with the occurrence of apoptosis, the expression of nitotyrosine and Fas. ■ Materials and Methods Articular cartilage was obtained from OA patients undergoing total knee replacement arthroplasty and from normal subjects who were operated the above knee amputation. According to histologic degeneration, articular cartilage was graded to grade 1, grade 2, grade 3 and grade 4. Apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL method and electron microscopy. Articular cartilage sections were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for the presence of nitrotyrosine and Fas expression. ■ Results The number of apoptotic cells was significantly in OA articular cartilage compared with normal articular cartilage(p<0.05). The number of apoptotic cells was increased with tissue degeneration. On electron microscopy, an apoptotic cell showed the typical chromatin condensation in the OA articular cartilage. The incidence of Fas-expressing cells was significantly higher in the OA articular cartilage(p<0.05). Nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity was prominent in the degenerative articular cartilage(p<0.05). Fas and nitrotyrosine expression was increased with tissue degeneration. The increase in a number of apoptotic cells was correlated with tissue degeneration. ■ Conclusions Apoptosis was the one of the causes in the tissue degeneration of the human OA articular cartilage. The development of apoptosis in the articular cartilage was related with Fas and nitrotyrosine expression.

Flowable composite resin을 이용한 접착식 유지장치의 결합강도와 파절양상에 열순환이 미치는 영향

전재호,손우성 대한치과교정학회 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.4

이 연구는 flowable composite resin을 이용한 접착식 유지장치를 열순환시킨 후 결합강도와 파절양상을 조사하여 flowable composite resin이 접착식 유지장치의 레진 접착제로서 유용한지를 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 교정치료를 목적으로 발거한 160개의 치아로 80개의 시편을 제작하고 40개씩 두 군으로 나누어 접착식 유지장치를 제작하였다(Group G: 일반 복합레진인 CharmFil, Group F: flowable composite resin인 CharmFil Flow, wire: Tri-flex). 각 군을 20 개씩 2 개의 subgroup으로 나누었다(Subgroup 24: 생리식염수에 24시간 동안 보관, Subgroup T : 37℃ 생리식염수에 24 시간 동안 보관한 후 5 ± 2℃ ~55± 2℃ 수조에 500회 열순환). 유지장치의 wire 중점에 수직전단력을 주면서 파절되는 순간의 하중을 측정하여 비교하였으며, 광학입체 현미경으로 파절면을 관찰하여 파절양상을 비교하였다. 그 결과, 두 군의 전단결합강도 및 파절양상에는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서, 전달결합강도와 파절양상의 측면에서만 본다면 flowable composite resin을 유지장치의 레진 접착제로 충분히 적용시킬 수 있을 것으로 본다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of thermocycling on shear bond strength and mode of failure of orthodontic bonded retainer using flowable composite resin and to ascertain whether the flowable composite resin is useful for use as adhesive for orthodontic bonded retainers. One hundred and sixty freshly extracted human premolars were collected and eighty bonded retainer specimens were fabricated. They were randomly separated into 2 groups (Group G: general composite resin-CharmFil, Group F: flowable composite resin-CharmFil Flow, wire: Tri-flex). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups (Subgroup 24: stored in water at 37℃ for 24 hours for baseline data, Subgroup T: stored in water at 37℃ for 24 hours and thermocycled between 5 ± 2℃ and 55± 2℃ for 500 cycles before testing the in vitro shear bond strength). Shear bond strength was measured and mode of failure was evaluated with a stereomicroscope. There was no statistical difference in shear bond strength and mode of failure between the bonded retainer using general composite resin and flowable composite resin. Therefore, in considering shear bond strength and mode of failure, it is sufficient to use flowable composite resin as resin adhesives for bonded retainers.

이동통신 공유기지국에서 수동 상호변조에 관한 연구

전상구,우홍체 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1997 科學技術硏究 Vol.4 No.1

The base stations of CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) digital system are shared with those of analog AMPS(Advanced Mobile Phone Service) system because of limited space, easy maintenance, and economical reasons. Moreover, the primary channel frequency of the CDMA system is next to the A' frequency band of the analog system. The transmitted signal of the analog system thus can be received in the CDMA system and the received analog signal may be intermodulated with the received digital signal. In a series of efforts for finding the intermodulation source, there have been serious testing and examining on the antenna, connectors, and feed lines of the base station. The main source of the intermodulation was the transmitter antenna of the analog AMPS system. Thus, the specification of the antenna in the AMPS system should be less than -115 dBm in case of the duplex antenna.

보호경찰관들의 탈북자 지원 경험 분석

전우택,윤덕용,민성길 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.2

본 연구는 남한에 들어와 살고 있는 탈북자들의 남한 사회 적응 지원 및 신변보호를 2년간 담당한 경찰관들을 대상으로 그들의 활동 속에서 경험한 지원상의 어려움, 인간 관계, 관계 개선을 위한 노력 등을 분석함으로써 향후 탈북자 지원 업무를 담당할 경찰관들과 자원봉사자들, 관련 공무원들을 활동을 더욱 효과적으로 하는데 목적이 있다. 방법: 과거 탈북자 보호 업무를 2년간 담당하였던 전국의 경찰관 전원을 대상으로 경찰청의 도움을 받아 설문조사를 실시하였다. 결과: 총 172명의 경찰관이 설문에 답하였다. 탈북자들의 성별, 연령, 학력에 따른 인간관계 평균점수에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 인민학교 출신 탈북자들은 유일하게 시간이 지남에 따라 인간 관계가 더 나빠지는 것으로 나왔다. 또한 인간관계 유형도 연령대에 따라 다르게 나왔다. 탈북 경로에 있어 북한에서 직접 남한으로 들어온 사람들이 러시아, 중국 등을 경유하여 들어온 사람들보다 인간관계 평균점수가 통계적으로 유의하게 더 좋게 나왔다. 경찰관들의 연령대에 따른 인간관계 평균점수의 차이는 없었으나 관계 유형에는 차이가 있었다. 경찰관들이 탈북자들의 문제를 직접 해결을 하려고 나섰을 경우보다 교육행동적인 태도를 가지고 있었을 때 인간관계 평균점수가 통계적으로 더 유의하게 좋게 나왔다. 적응 초기에는 불안과 불신, 사회 부적응 등이 인간 관계에 문제가 되었으나 후기에는 자립의지 부족, 이기주의, 돌출행동 등이 문제가 되었다. 결론: 본 연구는 보호경찰관들과 탈북자들간의 인간관계가 그들의 인구학적 특징, 탈출 경로 등에 따라 다르게 나타남을 보여주었다. 또한 인간 관계를 좋게 하기 위한 노력의 방법이나 지원 방법에 따라 인간관계가 다르게 나타남을 보였다. 이것은 탈북자들을 지원함에 있어 과학적인 지침이 요구됨을 보여주는 것이었다. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the experience of South Korean police-men who are in charge of supporting the North Korean defectors' adaption to South Korean society for 2 years. Method: Written-form survey questionnaire were sent to all policemen who were in charge of defectors with the help of the National police bureau. Results: 172 policemen answered to survey questionnaire. There was no difference of human relationship score according to the defectors' sex, age, academic career. But defectors with low academic career showed bad human relationship as time went by. The type of human relationship change were different according to the defectors' age. Defectors who entered to South Korea directly from North Korea in short period had a better relationship in comparison with those who escaped to China or other third countries and stayed there for a long time to get a chance to enter to South Korea. As the policemen are younger, the relationship scores were better. But when some problem occurred in their relationship, younger policemen were less successful in solving the problem. There were many kind of efforts of policemen to improve the human relationship and it showed that the education-oriented effort is more effective and successful than direct problem-solving effort. Conclusions: This study showed that the human relationship of defectors and policemen in charge are affected by some demographic factors and defection routes and the types of efforts of policemen to improve the human relationship. It was suggested that the role of policemen in charge of defectors should be more well-defined, and NGO(Non Government Organization) need to have more continuos and specified program to help defectors' adaptation. Finally, the importance of continuing scientific researches about defectors' adaptation was emphasized.

A Study on Protection of Maternal Antibody against Hantavirus in Rats

우영대,--,--,--,--,-- 대한의생명과학회 2005 Biomedical Science Letters Vol.11 No.1

The etiologic agents of haemorragic fever with ranal syndrom (HFRS) in Korea are Hantaan and Seoul virus in the genus Hantavirus, family Bunyaviridae. In order to elucidate the role of maternal immunity to Hantavirus infection in rats, the protective effect of the maternal antibody were studies by using rats experimentally infected with Seoul virus strain HR80-39. Antibody titers of sera and viral antigen against Seoul virus were investigated by indirect immunofluorscence antibody technique (IFA). The dam sera had IFA antibody titers ranging from 1:128 to 1:1,024 after parturition. In fetuses, IFA antibody titers ranged from 1:16 to 1:64 just after birth, increased to peak titers ranged from 1:256 to 1:1,024 in the 2nd week after birth. Challenged newborn rats had IFA antibody titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:1,024 after inoculation. No viral antigen was detected in lungs or other organs of the newborn rats. The maternal antibody to Seoul virus was transferred prenatally through placenta and postnatally via colostrum from immune dams to their offspring. These results demonstrated that maternal antibody to Seoul virus was quite effective in protecting newborn rats against same virus infection.

경추간반수핵탈출증에 대한 화학적 용해술의 임상적 연구

전병찬,서성우 대한신경외과학회 1996 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.25 No.5

For or many years chemonucleolysis has been proven effective in the curative treatment of lumbar disc herniation. However, this technique is seldom popular in the herniated cervical disc. For several years microsurgery of the cervical disc has been effective in the treatment of refractory cervicobrachial neuralgia. To compete with this method which has been familiar to neurosurgeons. cervical nucleolysis must convincingly demonstrate that its therapeutic value is at least as good as that of surgery. The authors analysed the results of 30 herniated cervical disc pateints who were treated with cervical nucleolysis using chymopapain fcr 1 year. Twenty two pateints(75%) had excellent outcomes. 5 pateints(15%) considered good while 3 sustained their symptom. but showed decreased intensity. The decision to intervene is made when the radiculagia is recurrent or resistant to medical treatment of several weeks duration without myelopathy or bony abnormalities such as spondylosis of canal stenosis. The principal advantages of this method are : short stay in the hospital(3 days to 5 days on average). absence of general anesthesia prompt resumption of previous activities, and long term preservation of an intervertebral space. As a resuit. cervical nucleolysis has been shown to be an effective alternative to surgery for cervical soft disc herniations with refractory radicualgia.