Clinical Experience of Single-Session Percutaneous Aspiration and OK-432 Sclerotherapy for Treatment of Simple Renal Cysts: 1-Year Follow-Up

Choi, Young Deuk,Ham, Won Sik,Kim, Won Tae,Cho, Kang Su,Lee, Joo Hyoung,Cho, Soung Yong,Seo, Ju Wan,Jin, Ok Hyun Mary Ann Liebert 2009 Journal of endourology Vol.23 No.6

<P>PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-session OK-432 sclerotherapy for the treatment of renal cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 2005 to November 2006, 48 patients (61 simple renal cysts) were included in the study. Indications were determined as flank discomfort (n = 37) or patient reassurance due to increasing size (n = 11). The simple renal cysts were aspirated under ultrasonography (US), at which point OK-432 was injected into the cyst. Follow-up was performed with US or computed tomography scan every 3 months until 1 year. Complete regression of the renal cyst or more than 70% reduction in size with no symptoms indicated a successful treatment. RESULTS: Among 61 renal cysts of 48 patients, the overall success rate was 98.4%. Complete regression occurred in 46 cysts (75.4%), and more than 90% reduction in size occurred in 6 cysts (9.8%). A size reduction of 80% to 90% and 70% to 80% occurred in five (8.2%) and three cysts (4.9%), respectively. A size reduction less than 70% occurred in only one cyst (1.6%). The success of cyst regression was correlated with cyst volume. Clinical symptoms resolved in 100% of patients with symptomatic cysts, and there was no enlargement of the aspirated cysts at the 1-year follow-up. After the procedure, there were only some minor complications, such as mild fever, flank pain, and leukocytosis, which subsided with the conservative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous OK-432 sclerotherapy is simple, safe, and effective, and it can be an alternative first-line therapy for simple renal cysts.</P>

제왕절개 분만율의 지역간 변이와 관련요인에 대한 연구

김혜경,이정운,박강원,문옥륜,Kim, Hye-Kyung,Lee, Jeon-Un,Park, Kang-Won,Moon, Ok-Ryun 대한예방의학회 1992 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.25 No.3

The purpose of this study is to estimate cesarean section rate in Korea and analyze the socioeconomic variables and health resources which affect regional variation in the rate. Samples were drawn from the record of vaginal and cesarean section deliveries based upon insurance claim bills which have been submitted to the National Federation of Medical Insurance for the first three months, January through March, 1991. The results are obtained as follows : It was found that. cesarean section rate was increasing rapidly up to 23.1% in 1991. Cesarean section per 10 thousand insured people was 4.8 and the number of cesarean section per 10 thousand insured eligible($15{\sim}49$ years old) female was 7.6. The fee for normal delivery was 109,489 won and that for cesarean section was 390,024 won. The average days of hospitalization in normal delivery was 2.3 days, and those in cesarean section was 7.6 days. On the average cesarean section has a longer of stay as much as by 4.3 days and cost 3.6 times more than normal deliveries. Cesarean section rates vary among medical facilities 19.8% at clinics 37.6% in small-scale hospitals, and 29.1% in general hospitals. The regional variation of cesarean section rates was also fairly prominent. The South Cheju Gun has the highest rate of cesarean section, 56.2%. Meanwhile no cesarean section cases has been reported in Sunchang Gun during the period of this study. The variation is noted among provinces. The rate for Cheju province has been 3.4 times higher than that for Chunnam. The number of cesarean section per 10 thousand insured people vary greatly among regions, too. This study has found that there exists significant regional variations among various geographic units in terms of average length of stay, average cost, number of obsretricians and number of beds. Multiple regression analysis was done to identify factors explaining the regional variance of various cesarean section rates : In the urban areas, no significant explaining variables were noted except the number of beds for the dependent variable of cesarean section cases per 10 thousand insured eligible females. The smaller the number of bed, the more cases of cesarean section was noted for an urban area. The is mostly because the rate of cesarean section is higher in medium-size hospitals than in large general hospitals. In the rural areas, the factor of education has been found significant for all three deplendent variables. The higher the educational level, the rate of cesarean section is most likely to rise. An income variable measured by the amount of monthly insurance contribution has been identified a powerful predictor in explaining the valiance of cesarean section rates. The same has been noted for the number of obstetricians. Similar findings are observed for the country as a whole. The income level has veen found as the most powerful explaining factor in the regional variance of cesarean section rates. In general the rate is higher in the urban areas, and lower in the area with more small hospitals. As this is the initial attempt to identify the factors relevant to the regional difference in the rates of cesarean section, more elaborated study is urgently required.

SPME와 GC/MS를 이용한 녹나무 향기성분 특성분석

원미미,차은주,윤옥경,김남선,김건,이동선 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 2007 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.19 No.-

Recently, land managers have come to realize that, outside Asia, camphor trees grow like street-tree or weeds, infesting forests and displacing native trees. This is because camphor trees are prolific seed producers that do not have serious predators or diseases outside their native range. The camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora), belongs to lauraceae, is the aromatic evergreen tree from which camphor was derived. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and GC-MS were applied for the analysis of volatile fragrances emanated from camphor tree. Divinylbenzene / Carboxen / PDMS fiber was used for HS-SPME adsorption materials. (+)-Camphor (31.00%) and cineol (21.89%) were found as the major volatile aroma components from Chinese camphor tree, whereas (+)-camphor (62.06%) and β-caryophyllene (10.01%) from Japanese camphor tree. Camphor tree is a promising garden tree for well-being.

주지적 교육관과 낭만적 교육관에 있어서 교양교육의 의미

옥치곤,이원조 진주산업대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

This study is and attempt to clarify the nature or meaning of liberal education, form the perspective of two dominant lines of education ideas developed in modern societies, i.e., the Intellectualism and the Romanticism. Intellectualism seems to be sound and valid when it seeks the meaning of freedom in the social enterprise. But unfortunately, the intellectualists have paid little attention to methodic principles for the child to be educated and autonomous. Romantists in general conceive education to be of embodiment of the natural goodness and inner potentiality. According to them, education aims ultimately at one's self-realization. Critics of this view often mention that they devaluate the socie-cultural character of the human mind. Romantists are criticized in that they understand the individual as one antagonistically against the society, and that the individual's freedom may be attained when he lives away form social controls.

인체대장암에서의 Cyclin 유전자의 발현

백원기,서민호,서성일,문성희,박종욱,최병길,배옥석 대한대장항문학회 1996 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.12 No.2

TPP협정의 환경보호 및 생물다양성 보전 관련 조항의 해석 및 적용

최원목,이규옥 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2016 法學論集 Vol.21 No.2

2015. 10. 5. 타결된 환태평양경제동반자협정(TPP)은 협정문 상 별도의 환경챕터를 두고, 국제사회가 새롭게 당면하고 있는 환경 문제들을 적극적으로 반영하고 있다. 특히 동 협정 제20.13조는 ‘무역과 생물다양성(trade and biodiversity)’이라는 주제 하에 생물다양성의 보전 및 지속가능한 이용 증진 의무, 토착지역공동체(ILCs)의 지식과 관행 존중, 사전통보승인(PIC) 및 이익공유와 상호합의조건(MAT)등 이에 관한 내용을 규정하고 있다. 사실 이 같은 생물다양성 관련 규정들은 생물다양성협약(CBD)이나 나고야의정서 등 환경협정에서 주된 논의의 대상이었음을 떠올릴 필요가 있다. TPP의 환경챕터 상의 조항들은 선언적 규정과 의무적 규정이 혼재되어 있는 특징을 보인다. 더욱이 TPP 협정의 생물다양성 관련 조항들은 CBD협약과 나고야의 정서상의 구체적인 모습을 모두 실현하고 있는 것은 아니며 경우에 따라서 다소 불분명하고 소극적 태도를 취하고 있다. 우리나라는 나고야의정서 가입국이지만 아직 국회의 비준이 이루어지지 못하였다. 따라서 빠른 시일 내에 국회의 비준이라든지 관련법 제정이 이루어질 것으로 예상된다. 한편 TPP 가입을 준비하고 있는 우리로서는 동 TPP 협정이 추구하는 높은 개방성, 높은 환경보호의무 등에 대하여 국내의 이행체계를 전반적으로 점검해야 할 것이다. 특히 생물다양성 보전과 유전자원 이용과 관련한 문제들은 나고야의정서의 차원을 넘어, TPP라는 무역협정의 맥락에서 대비가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 환태평양경제동반자협정(TPP)의 환경챕터 상에 나타난 전반적인 환경조항 및 생물다양성 관련 규정들을 분석하여, 생물다양성 보전과 유전자원 접근 및 이익공유의 수단으로서의 TPP의 범위와 한계를 고찰해보고, 동시에 동 규정들의 집행력과 실효성을 평가해 봄으로써, 향후 우리나라의 TPP 가입시 이행방안에 대하여 제시하고자 한다. The Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership(TPP) was concluded on October 10, 2015. it reflects the new environmental challenges facing the international community. The TPP Agreement has the independent environmental chapter. In particular, Article 20.13 deal with ‘trade and biodiversity’. Specifically it include a obligation to promote environmental conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, respect for the knowledge and practices of indigenous and local communities(ILCs), prior informed consent(PIC), sharing of benefit, mutually agreed terms(MAT), etc. This kind of regulations have mainly discussed in environmental agreements such as the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol. The provisions of the TPP Environmental Chapter are a mix of declarative and mandatory provisions. Moreover, the provisions on biodiversity in the TPP Agreement do not fully realize the specific features of the CBD and the Nagoya Protocol. In some cases, It is featured that interpretation of its provisions are not clear. Korea is a member of the Nagoya Protocol. It is anticipated that the National Assembly approval process will be implemented as soon as possible and that related laws will be enacted. On the other hand, our government is preparing to join TPP, so we should thoroughly review the domestic implementation system against the high openness and high environmental protection obligation pursued by the TPP Agreement. Particularly, the issues regarding the conservation of biodiversity and the use of such genetic resources should be thoroughly prepared in case of multilateralism in the context of TPP, not Nagoya Protocol. Therefore, this study will analyze the overall environmental provisions and the related regulations including biodiversity conservation and sharing of benefits in the TPP environmental chapter. Also we will review the scope and limits of TPP as a means of biodiversity conservation. At the same time, by evaluating the enforcement and effectiveness of these regulations, it can be suggested how to implement TPP in Korea in the future.

방아의 각종 용매 추출물의 항산화 효과

원선임,지옥화,양차범 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 1995 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.13

Bangah(Agastache rugosa O. Kuntze), one of the herbs grown in Korea, was investigated for its antioxidant activity. Several antioxidative fractions was obtained from Bangah powder by extraction with variours single and mixed solvents. The free, esterified and insoluble-bound phenolic acids were fractioned with using methanol - acetone solvents and added into the soybean oil and lard at the level of 200ppm. The antioxidative activity was measured by peroxide value, carbonyl value and induction time during storage at 60℃. The results were as follows : 1.The extract yield obtained from Bangah powder was increased as the polarity of the solvents increased. 2.The antioxidative effect of the Bangah extracts obtained with single solvent extraction was found in lard in the order of dioxane>methanol>ethyl ether, while those extracts showed little effects on soybean oil. Extraction with using mixed solvents showed no significant improvement in the antioxidative effects. 3.A significant antioxidative effect of phenolic acid fraction was observed on lard, while the effecet was little on soybean oil. The insoluble phenolic arid fraction among the three phenolic acid fractions showed the highest antioxidative effect. When the phenolic acid fractions were added in the range of 200∼1000ppm, the antioxidant effect was observed at 1000ppm for soybean oil and 400ppm for lard.

광주지역 황룡강 수계의 식물상

조원철,임동옥 호남대학교산업기술연구소 2011 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.17 No.2

본 논문은 2008년 3월부터 10월까지 황룡강 수계 중 광주광역시에 포함된 총 7개 조사지역에서 식물상과 수생식물의 분포를 분석하였다. 조사 결과 전체 식물상은 81과 220속 279종 37변종 1품종으로 총 317종류가 확인되었다. 수생식물은 30과 55속 67종 8변종으로 총 75종류가 나타났으며, 생육환경별 조건에 따라 수생식물 중 정수식물 22종, 부엽식물 7종, 침수식물 7종, 부유식물 2종 및 습생식물 37종이 각각 확인되었고, 환경부 지정 멸종위기종은 나타나지 않았으며, 산림청지정 희귀 및 멸종위기식물로는 자라풀 1종이 확인되었다. 각 조사지역에서 조사된 귀화식물은 14과 40속 46종 3변종으로 총 49종류가 확인 되었으며, 평균 도시화지수는 18.4%, 귀화율은 15.5%였다. 주요어: 황룡강, 수생식물, 멸종위기종, 귀화식물 This study was identified on the flora and distribution of hydrophytes of the 7 sites selected in Hwang-Yong River through Gwangju from March to October, 2008. In this survey, flora were identified as 317 taxa; belonging to 81 families, 220 genera, 279 species, 37 varieties and 1 forms. Rare and endangered plants selected by Forest Ministry were appeared Hydrocharis dubia. The hydrophytes were classified 75 taxa; 30 families, 55 genera, 67 species and 8 varieties. Among the hydrophytes emerged plants were 22, floating-leaved plants were 7, submerged plants were 7, free floating plants were 2 and swamp hydrophytes were 37 species respectively in Hwang-Yong River. The Ministry of Environment help protect Endangered Species has not been verified, Specify the rare and endangered plants, the Forest Service check out a piece of paper was Hydrocharis dubia. Naturalized plants were identified 49 taxa;14 families, 40 genera, 46 species and 3 varieties. The urbanization index(UI) was 18.4% and the urbanization rate(NR) was 15.5% of which were investigated 7 each sites. Key words: Hwang-Yong River, Hydrophytes, Endangered Species, Naturalized Plants

"Tinidazole"(Fasigyn)에 依한 Giardia Lamblia의 驅蟲效果

崔源永,李玉蘭,李元求,이규면,朴定圭,李水月 中央醫學社 1973 中央醫學 Vol.25 No.4

"Tinidazole a new antiflagellate drug, was given orally for 3-7 days to 99 children infected with G.lamblia. Stool examination for detection and evaluation of therapeutic on giardiasis were made by formaline-ether concentration techniques. The children were grouped according to doses and the duration of administration of the drug. The results were summarized as follows; 1) Except 1 case out of 99 children, none of the children showed G. lamblia in the stool examination 2 weeks after administration of the drug, regardless of groups. 2) 4 weeks after administration of the drug, group A (10 mg per kg for 7 days) and group B (5 mg per kg for 7 days) children showed 100% of negative conversion, but group C (10 mg per kg for 5 days) children revealed 84.6% of negatives. 3) 6 months later, the negative conversion rates in groups A, B and C were reduced to 54.5%, 57. 1% and 50. 0% respectively. 4) Mild or transient side effects-nausea, abdominal pain, headache or fever and diarrhea were noted in 16 cases (27. 1%) out of 59 cases.

PLSI 위상차 제어기에 의한 초음파 모터의 점탄성 특성

김동옥,김원배,성도생,고낙용,최한수,김영동 조선대학교 생산기술연구소 1996 生産技術硏究 Vol.18 No.1

As an actuator for direct drive(DD) manipulator. the travelling-wave type ultrasonic motor(USM) has many excellent performances and good advantages over conventional servo motors such as compact size, light weight, silent motion, low rotation-speed, high torque, low magnetic noise, high speed response, flexible free forms, large holding torque and so on. So it has been expected to be used as servo motor. This paper presents a design method of USM controller to adjust the phase difference of USM power using PLSI (Programmable Large Scale Intersration). we can control the elastic coefficient and the viscous coefficient of the USM by adjusting the phase difference of the motor power. By controlling the elasticity and viscosity, a robot can work in compliance with external environment. To use the result, we will be able to control the robot to reach its goal with compliance motion. It remains for further research to develop the impedance control of USM and to make cooperative robots.