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Contextualization and Mission Partnership
Wilkinson, Marlene H. 성공회대학교 1999 성공회대학논총 Vol.- No.13
The term "Contextualization", in common usage in missiology since the 1980's, has been variously defined and even more variously interpreted, but one source says, "Christian contextualization can be thought of as the attempt to communicate the message of the person, works, Word, and will of God in a way that is faithful to God's revelation.....and that is meaningful to respondents in their respective cultural and existential contexts"
The role of geophysics in understanding salinisation in Southwestern Queensland
Wilkinson Kate,Chamberlain Tessa,Grundy Mike Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysici 2005 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.8 No.1
This study, combining geophysical and environmental approaches, was undertaken to investigate the causes of secondary salinity in the Goondoola basin, in southwestern Queensland. Airborne radiometric, electromagnetic and ground electromagnetic datasets were acquired, along with data on soils and subsurface materials and groundwater. Relationships established between radiometric, elevation data, and measured material properties allowed us to generate predictive maps of surface materials and recharge potential. Greatest recharge to the groundwater is predicted to occur on the weathered bedrock rises surrounding the basin. Electromagnetic data (airborne, ground, and downhote), used in conjunction with soil and drillhole measurements, were used to quantify regolith salt store and to define the subsurface architecture. Conductivity measurements reflect soil salt distribution. However, deeper in the regolith, where the salt content is relatively constant, the AEM signal is influenced by changes in porosity or material type. This allowed the lateral distribution of bedrock weathering zones to be mapped. Salinisation in this area occurs because of local-andintermediate-scale processes, controlled strongly by regolith architecture. The present surface outbreak is the result of evaporative concentration above shallow saline groundwater, discharging at break of slope. The integration of surficial and subsurface datasets allowed the identification of similar landscape settings that are most at risk of developing salinity with groundwater rise. This information is now being used by local land managers to refine management choices that prevent excess recharge and further salt mobilisation.
Wilkinson, Jack Q. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 1997 식물생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.4
The impact of plant genetic engineering, a technology born in the early 1980's, is beginning to be felt across the world in the 1990's. The first wave of engineered plant produce are reaching consumers in the supermarket and many more are destined to follow Transformation technology now exists for most plant, including the four staple crops-maize, wheat, rice, and soybean. Early targets of genetic engineering include plane possessing insect resistance and herbicide tolerance, with future goals set on increasing harvestable yield, improving nutritional quality, and making specialty products. This review describes some of the milestones in plant biotechnology, the U.S. regulatory agencies, field trial numbers and deregulated plants, commercialization criteria, examples of commercialized plants, and future prospects of plant biotechnology.
Wilkinson, J. R.,Yu, J.,Abbas, H. K.,Scheffler, B. E.,Kim, H. S.,Nierman, W. C.,Bhatnagar, D.,Cleveland, T. E. Taylor Francis 2007 Food additives and contaminants Vol.24 No.10
<P> Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic polyketide metabolites produced by fungal species, including Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. The biosynthesis of aflatoxins is modulated by many environmental factors, including the availability of a carbon source. The gene expression profile of A. parasiticus was evaluated during a shift from a medium with low concentration of simple sugars, yeast extract (YE), to a similar medium with sucrose, yeast extract sucrose (YES). Gene expression and aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, and G2) were quantified from fungal mycelia harvested pre- and post-shifting. When compared with YE media, YES caused temporary reduction of the aflatoxin levels detected at 3-h post-shifting and they remained low well past 12 h post-shift. Aflatoxin levels did not exceed the levels in YE until 24 h post-shift, at which time point a tenfold increase was observed over YE. Microarray analysis comparing the RNA samples from the 48-h YE culture to the YES samples identified a total of 2120 genes that were expressed across all experiments, including most of the aflatoxin biosynthesis genes. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified 56 genes that were expressed with significant variation across all time points. Three genes responsible for converting norsolorinic acid to averantin were identified among these significantly expressed genes. The potential involvement of these genes in the regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis is discussed.</P>
George Wilkinson,Fiona Haslam McKenzie,Julian Bolleter 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2022 도시과학국제저널 Vol.26 No.3
With Australia’s population set to triple in the twenty-first century, its federal government is investing in decentralization. This is because Australian states exhibit high urban primacy, where one city is dominantly large. Institutional perspectives of primacy suggest political factors are usually significant drivers. For example, strong localism and decentralized settlement patterns are usually concomitant whilst the same can be said of centralized governance and primacy. It is unclear how institutions might influence primacy in Australia’s large states. To better understand, we contextualize Australian federalism within the primacy debate. Using eighteen measures of intergovernmental power, we determined that the Australian federation is comprised of comparably strong federal and state tiers, underlaid by weak local and regional government. The results suggest primacy in Australian states is reinforced by institutions, contrasting the universality of environmental determinism and suggesting an opportunity to decentralize Australia’s growing population through the devolution of decision making powers.