남방 불교 지역과 북방 불교 지역간의 왕권과 승단의 위상 비교

송위지 韓國外國語大學校 歷史文化硏究所 1998 역사문화연구 Vol.8 No.-

한반도와 남방 문화에 관한 사료 모음Ⅰ

송위지 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 歷史文化硏究所 2000 역사문화연구 Vol.11 No.-

졸-겔법으로 제조한 ZrO_2·SiO_2계 결정화 유리의 결정화 및 파괴인성에 관한 연구

신대용,한상목,강위수 강원대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 産業技術硏究 Vol.20 No.A

Precursor gels with the composition of xZrO_2·(100-x)SiO_2 systems (x=10,20 and 30mol%) were prepared by the sol-gel method. Kinetic parameter, such as activation energy, Avrami's exponent, n, and dimensionality crystal growth value, m, have been simultaneously calculated from the DTA data using Kissinger and Matusita equations. The crystallite size dependence on tetragonal to monoclinic transformation of ZrO_2 was investigated using XRD, in relation to the fracture toughness. The crystallization of tetragonal ZrO_2 occurred through 3-dimensional diffusion controlled growth(n=m=2) and the activation energy for crystallization was calculated using Kissinger and Matusita equations, as about 310∼325±10kJ/mol. The growth of t-ZrO_2, in proportion to the cube of radius, increased with increasing heating temperature and heat-treatment time. It was suggested that the diffusion of Zr4+ions by Ostwald ripening was rate-limiting process for the growth of t-ZrO_2 crystallite size. The fracture toughness of xZrO_2·(100-x)SiO_2 systems glass ceramics increased with increasing crystallite size of t-ZrO_2. The fracture toughness of 30ZrO_2·70SiO_2 system glass ceramics heated at 1,100℃ for 5h was 4.84 MPam^1/2 at a critical crystaliite size of 40 nm.

Dietary Exposure to Transgenic Rice Expressing the Spider Silk Protein Fibroin Reduces Blood Glucose Levels in Diabetic Mice: The Potential Role of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 Phosphorylation in Adipocytes

박지은,정연재,박준범,김혜영,유영현,이광식,양원태,김도훈,김종민 한국발생생물학회 2019 발생과 생식 Vol.23 No.3

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance (IR). T2DM is correlated with obesity and most T2DM medications have been developed for enhancing insulin sensitivity. Silk protein fibroin (SPF) from spiders has been suggested as an attractive biomaterial for medical purposes. We generated transgenic rice (TR) expressing SPF and fed it to diabetic BKS.Cg-m+/+Leprdb mice to monitor the changes in blood glucose levels and adipose tissue proteins associated with energy metabolism and insulin signaling. In the present study, the adipocyte size in abdominal fat in TR-SPF-fed mice was remarkably smaller than that of the control. Whereas the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activated protein kinase and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) protein levels were increased in abdominal adipose tissues after TR-SPF feeding, levels of six-transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) proteins decreased. Phosphorylation of AMPK at threonine 172 and IRS1 at serine 307 and tyrosine 632 were both increased in adipose tissues from TR-SPFfed mice. Increased expression and phosphorylation of IRS1 at both serine 307 and tyrosine 632 in adipose tissues indicated that adipocytes obtained from abdominal fat in TR-SPF-fed mice were more susceptible to insulin signaling than that of the control. STAMP2 protein levels decreased in adipose tissues from TR-SPF-fed mice, indicating that STAMP2 proteins were reducing adipocytes that were undergoing lipolysis. Taken together, this study showed that TR-SPF was effective in reducing blood glucose levels in diabetic mice and that concurrent lipolysis in abdominal adipocytes was associated with alterations of AMPK, IRS1, and STAMP2. Increased IRS1 expression and its phosphorylation by TR-SFP were considered to be particularly important in the induction of lipolysis in adipocytes, as well as in reducing blood glucose levels in this animal model.

$^{13}$C NMR Study of the Application of the 'Tool of Increasing Electron Demand' to the 9-Aryl-tricyclo[3.3.1.0$^{2,8}$]non-9-yl, and 8-Aryl-Tetracyclo[3.2.1.0$^{2,7}$.0$^{4,6}$]oct-8-yl cations

Wie-Chang Jin,Gweon-Young Ryu,Chun Yoon,Shin Jung Hyu Korean Chemical Society 1989 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.10 No.6

The$^{13}C$ NMR shifts of a series of para-substituted 9-aryl-tricyclo$[3.3.1.0^{2,8}]$non-9-yl and 8-aryl-tetracyclo$[3.2.1.0^{2,7}.0^{4,6}]$-oct-8-yl cations were measured in $FSO_3H/SO_2ClF \;at\; -90^{\circ}C\; or\; -70^{\circ}C$ in order to examine whether the ${\rho}^{c+}$ values can be used to explain the mechanism for the stabilization of the geometrically rigid cyclopropylcarbinyl cations. Plots of the ${\Delta}{\delta}^{c+}$ shifts against ${\sigma}^{c+}$ reveal excellent linear correlation. The tricyclononyl systems yield a ${\rho}^{c+}$ value of -4.95 with a correlation coefficient r = 0.9948. The tetracyclo-octanyl systems give a ${\rho}^{c+}$ value of -6.39 with r = 0.9943. A fair parallelism exists between the results of $^{19}F$ nmr studies and the change of ${\rho}^{c+}$ values in these cations. Accordingly, the present study established that the ${\rho}^{c+}$ value can be used as a mearsure of the geometric influence for the charge delocalization in cyclopropylcarbinyl cations.

The Roles of Rasd1 small G proteins and leptin in the activation of TRPC4 transient receptor potential channels

Wie, Jinhong,Kim, Byung Joo,Myeong, Jongyun,Ha, Kotdaji,Jeong, Seung Joo,Yang, Dongki,Kim, Euiyong,Jeon, Ju-Hong,So, Insuk TaylorFrancis 2015 Channels Vol.9 No.4

<P>TRPC4 is important regulators of electrical excitability in gastrointestinal myocytes, pancreatic β-cells and neurons. Much is known regarding the assembly and function of these channels including TRPC1 as a homotetramer or a heteromultimer and the roles that their interacting proteins play in controlling these events. Further, they are one of the best-studied targets of G protein-coupled receptors and growth factors in general and Gα<SUB>i/o</SUB> and Gα<SUB>q</SUB> protein coupled receptor or epidermal growth factor and leptin in particular. However, our understanding of the roles of small G proteins and leptin on TRPC4 channels is still rudimentary. We discuss potential roles for Rasd1 small G protein and leptin in channel activation in addition to their known role in cellular signaling.</P>

Red meat consumption is associated with an increased overall cancer risk: a prospective cohort study in Korea

Wie, Gyung-Ah,Cho, Yeong-Ah,Kang, Hyun-hee,Ryu, Kyoung-A,Yoo, Min-Kyoung,Kim, Young-A,Jung, Kyu-Won,Kim, Jeongseon,Lee, Joo-Hyuk,Joung, Hyojee Cambridge University Press 2014 The British journal of nutrition Vol.112 No.2

<P>Cancer is a leading cause of death, and the dietary pattern in Korea is changing rapidly from a traditional Korean diet to a Westernised diet. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dietary factors on cancer risk with a prospective cohort study. Among 26 815 individuals who participated in cancer screening examinations from September 2004 to December 2008, 8024 subjects who completed a self-administered questionnaire concerning demographic and lifestyle factors, and a 3 d food record were selected. As of September 2013, 387 cancer cases were identified from the National Cancer Registry System, and the remaining individuals were included in the control group. The hazard ratio (HR) of cancer for the subjects older than or equal to 50 years of age was higher (HR 1·80, 95 % CI 1·41, 2·31; <I>P</I>< 0·0001) than that for the other subjects. Red meat consumption, Na intake and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP>) were positively associated with overall cancer incidence in men (HR 1·41, 95 % CI 1·02, 1·94; <I>P</I>= 0·0382), gastric cancer (HR 2·34, 95 % CI 1·06, 5·19; <I>P</I>= 0·0365) and thyroid cancer (HR 1·56, 95 % CI 1·05, 2·31; <I>P</I>= 0·0270), respectively. Participants who had at least three dietary risk factors among the high intakes of red meat and Na, low intakes of vegetables and fruits, and obesity suggested by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research at baseline tended to have a higher risk of cancer than the others (HR 1·26, 95 % CI 0·99, 1·60; <I>P</I>= 0·0653). In summary, high intakes of red meat and Na were significant risk factors of cancer among Koreans.</P>

Nutrient Contributions of the Five Meal Components in School Lunch: $Entr{\'{e}}e$, Milk, Vegetable/Fruit, Bread/Grain, and Miscellaneous

Wie Seung-Hee,Shanklin Carol W. The Korean Society of Community Nutrition 2006 Journal of community nutrition Vol.8 No.1

This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the nutrient contributions of the five meal components of school lunch menus planned for elementary students in two school districts (District A and B) in the Midwestern state of the United States. The 4-week cycle menu was planned for two time periods (Period 1 and Period 2) following guidelines for NuMenus and general menu planning principles. Menu components of planned and served menus for two time periods were analyzed using $Nutri-Kids^{TM}$. No significant differences in the nutrient content of between Periods 1 and 2 were found for District A. District B served significantly more vitamin A and total fat in Period 1 and significantly more calories, iron, vitamin A, protein, and total fat in Period 2 than was planned. The major nutrients provided by the entree component included protein, calories, cholesterol, total fat, saturated fat, and sodium. Milk was an important source of calcium and provided approximately one-third of the total protein and vitamin A in the meal. The vegetable/fruit component was the major source of vitamins A and C. The grain/bread component provided approximately 20% of the carbohydrates among five meal components. The miscellaneous component affected the sodium and fat content of the menus. Menu planners can use the results of this study to enhance their knowledge of the nutrient contributions of each meal component and as inputs for planning menus that meet children's nutritional requirements.

Evaporation and Stabilization of Heavy Metals with Colloid/Interface Properties in EAF Dust-Clay Bodies

Wie, Young Min,Lee, Ki Gang Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2007 Materials science forum Vol.544 No.-

<P>To recycling the EAF dust as a ceramic raw material, the leaching concentrations of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd) were analyzed with various pH and mixing ratios for EAF dust-clay bodies. The evaporation amounts of the some heavy metals were evaluated by measuring their total concentrations in the sintered bodies of EAF dust-clay mixtures with various mixing ratio and sintering temperature. TCLP test was conducted for evaluating the chemical stabilities of the heavy metal elements. The heavy metals in EAF dust are 'amphoteric metal' and leached a little at pH10. The leaching concentrations of heavy metal ion were effectively decreased by the formation of PSHP when adding the clay to the EAF dust and controlling the pH of the slurry at 12. Evaporation of heavy metal components were increased with increasing the sintering temperature and the contents of EAF dust. The leaching concentrations of heavy metal components were decreased with increasing the clay content and temperature.</P>

Validation of Free-Vortex Embedded CAA Method for Airfoil Vortex Interaction

Wie, Seong-Yong,Lee, Duck-Joo The Acoustical Society of Korea 2006 韓國音響學會誌 Vol.25 No.e2

Blade-vortex interaction (BVI) is one of the most important phenomena in rotor flow since it causes undesirable intense vibration and noise. Since three dimensional Euler or Navier-Stokes solutions to BVI require very high computational cost, BVI has been approximated by airfoil-vortex interaction (AVI) in chordwise planes. To describe more realistic situations with AVI, three dimensional vortex informations such as position, core size and strength are embedded artificially to Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) calculation at each computational time step. To implement this requirement, in this paper, a technique called free vortex embedded method was used. And the solution by this method was compared with the solution by conventional method for interaction between freely convected vortex and airfoil. For the application to three dimensional free vortex embedded CAA, two dimensional free vortex embedded CAA method was validated in advance.