A Corpus-based Analysis of ‘Safety’ and ‘Security’ in Maritime English

Wenyu Lu 한국코퍼스언어학회 2016 Corpus Linguistics Research Vol.2 No.-

This study examines collocates of two near-synonyms safety and security, drawing data from two general corpora (BNC Written and COCA Written) and one self-built specialized corpus (IMO Corpus). Collocates are extracted by Wordsmith 6.0; then a network analysis is given on some interesting collocates. Firstly, diachronic analysis exhibits a stable usage of safety whereas two big leaps of security in 1920-1930 and in 2000. In addition, it has been discovered that some generalizations made by industrial and information fields cannot be applied to the maritime-related words in a specialized corpus. Specifically, non-maritime-related general collocates tend to show very clear preference on safety and security in IMO corpus whereas maritime-related words have various behaviors when collocating with safety and security. Thirdly, network analysis by Netminer 4.0 is given on some shared interesting collocates such as maritime and ship, providing the brokerage role analysis for the differences between safety and security. At last, a semantic domain network analysis is displayed to explain how near-synonyms are different and similar based on their common and exclusive semantic domains.

A Corpus-Based Stylistic Analysis of Joseph Conrad’s Maritime Fiction

Wenyu Lu,이성민,장세은 현대영미어문학회 2016 현대영미어문학 Vol.34 No.4

A corpus-based stylistic analysis of Joseph Conrad’s maritime fiction is employed to illustrate the literary value of texts and corpus data. This paper discusses Conrad’s particular styles in vocabulary variety, word class complexity, keywords and key cluster patterns. Data on the frequency and distribution of individual words and recurrent phraseology are analysed to prove that negative and vague words are probably a typical style of Conrad. By looking at the semantic preference of collocates co-occurring with nodes, images of sea and ship represented in Joseph Conrad’s maritime fiction are discussed to show how Conrad’s background as a former sailor for 19 years and his personal religious belief make his description of sea and ship more subtle, alive and close to reality

A Corpus-Based Analysis of the Near-Synonyms Safety and Security in Maritime English

Wenyu Lu,장세은 언어과학회 2017 언어과학연구 Vol.0 No.83

This study examines collocates of the near-synonyms safety and security in maritime English, drawing data from two general corpora (BNC Written and COCA Written) and one self-built specialized corpus (IMO Corpus) through Wordsmith 6.0 as well as tagging semantic domains in Wmatrix 3.0 and conducting network analysis using NetMiner 4.0. Three main discoveries were made in this study. First, the distinction of two near-synonyms used in industrial and information fields cannot be applied to maritime English, in which safety and security have clear collocational preference. Second, a brokerage analysis of some interesting shared collocates such as maritime and ship suggests that safety and security play different roles when collocating with the same collocates. Third, a semantic domain network analysis is displayed to explain how near-synonyms are both different and similar based on their common and exclusive semantic domains, thereby providing a cognitive understanding of the two near-synonyms.

English Learners’ Acceptability to Nuclear Stress Rule on Postverbal PPs in Chinese

Wenyu Lu,Se-Eun Jhang 한국언어과학회 2016 언어과학 Vol.23 No.4

Keyness in maritime institutional law texts

Wenyu Lu,Sung Min Lee,Se Eun Jhang 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2017 언어연구 Vol.34 No.1

This study describes some characteristics of maritime institutional legal texts in terms of corpus methodology. We self-built two study corpora: a public maritime institutional corpus and a private maritime institutional corpus. The differences between the two corpora can be distinguished by identifying typical linguistic features from the keyness aspects of key words, key clusters, and key semantic domains. Specific words and phrases in complementary distribution are offered to distinguish public maritime legal characteristics from private maritime legal characteristics by comparing the self-built specialized corpora with the more general British National Corpus (BNC informative genre). Linguistic features are discussed from the view of keyness, thus enabling non-legal practitioners as well as non-specialist readers to discover and describe underlying parameters that best depict the differences between legal registers or genres.

A Corpus-based Analysis of Maritime Legal Documents

Wenyu Lu,Se-Eun Jhang(장세은) 담화·인지언어학회 2015 담화·인지언어학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

An Engineered Outer Membrane-Defective Escherichia coli Secreting Protective Antigens against Streptococcus suis via the Twin-Arginine Translocation Pathway as a Vaccine

( Wenyu Li ),( Fan Yin ),( Zixuan Bu ),( Yuying Liu ),( Yongqing Zhang ),( Xiabing Chen ),( Shaowen Li ),( Lu Li ),( Rui Zhou ),( Qi Huang ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.3

Live bacterial vector vaccines are one of the most promising vaccine types and have the advantages of low cost, flexibility, and good safety. Meanwhile, protein secretion systems have been reported as useful tools to facilitate the release of heterologous antigen proteins from bacterial vectors. The twin-arginine translocation (Tat) system is an important protein export system that transports fully folded proteins in a signal peptide-dependent manner. In this study, we constructed a live vector vaccine using an engineered commensal Escherichia coli strain in which amiA and amiC genes were deleted, resulting in a leaky outer membrane that allows the release of periplasmic proteins to the extracellular environment. The protective antigen proteins SLY, enolase, and Sbp against Streptococcus suis were targeted to the Tat pathway by fusing a Tat signal peptide. Our results showed that by exploiting the Tat pathway and the outer membrane-defective E. coli strain, the antigen proteins were successfully secreted. The strains secreting the antigen proteins were used to vaccinate mice. After S. suis challenge, the vaccinated group showed significantly higher survival and milder clinical symptoms compared with the vector group. Further analysis showed that the mice in the vaccinated group had lower burdens of bacteria load and slighter pathological changes. Our study reports a novel live bacterial vector vaccine that uses the Tat system and provides a new alternative for developing S. suis vaccine.

Role of Functionalized Acceptors in Heteroleptic Bipyridyl Cu(I) Complexes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Xiaoqing Lu,Yang Shao,Ke Li,Zigang Zhao,Shuxian Wei,Wenyue Guo 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.5

The intrinsic optoelectronic properties of heteroleptic bipyridyl Cu(I)complexes bearing functionalized acceptor subunits have beeninvestigated by density functional theory and time-dependent DFT. TheCu(I) complexes exhibit distorted trigonal-pyramidal geometries andtypical metal-to-ligand electron transfer characteristics at the longwavelength region. Replacing carboxylic acid with cyanoacrylic acid inacceptor subunits stabilizes the LUMO levels, thus lowering the HOMOLUMOenergy gaps and facilitating favorable donor-to-acceptorintramolecular electron transfer and charge separation. Introduction ofheteroaromatic groups and cyanoacrylic acid significantly improves thelight-harvesting capability of the complexes. Our results highlight theeffect of functionalized acceptors on the optoelectronic properties ofbipyridyl Cu(I) complexes and provide a fresh perspective on screeningof efficient sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells.

Acteoside and Acyl-Migrated Acteoside, Compounds in Chinese Kudingcha Tea, Inhibit α-Amylase In Vitro

Yuqin Lu,Wenyu Zhou,Yue Feng,Yao Li,Ke Liu,Lizhong Liu,Dongxu Lin,Zhendan He,Xuli Wu 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.6

Acteoside, the predominant polyphenol of small-leaved kudingcha, the Chinese tea, has various biological activities. In this study, we examined the acyl migration of acteoside to isoacteoside with high-temperature treatment of acteoside. The inhibitory effects of acyl-migrated acteoside and acteoside on α-amylase were investigated, as were their binding interaction with α-amylase. The binding of acteoside and isoacteoside to α-amylase was investigated by using the fluorescence spectra assay, circular dichroism, and protein–ligand docking studies. Acteoside was more effective than preheated acteoside and isoacteoside in inhibiting α-amylase activity. Acteoside and isoacteoside binding to α-amylase may induce conformational changes to α-amylase, and the binding site of acteoside and isoacteoside being near the active site pocket of α-amylase may explain the decreased activity of α-amylase. The different affinities and binding sites of acteoside and isoacteoside for α-amylase resulted in different inhibition rates, which may be due to structural differences between acteoside and isoacteoside.

Estimation of damping induced by taut mooring lines

Xiong, Lingzhi,Lu, Wenyue,Li, Xin,Guo, Xiaoxian The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 2020 International Journal of Naval Architecture and Oc Vol.12 No.1

A moored floating structure may exhibit resonant motion responses to low-frequency excitations. Similar to the resonant responses of many vibration systems, the motion amplitude of a moored floating structure is significantly affected by the damping of the entire system. In such cases, the damping contributed by the mooring lines sometimes accounts for as much as 80% of the total damping. While the damping induced by catenary mooring lines is well-investigated, few studies have been conducted on the damping induced by taut mooring lines, especially one partly embedded in soil. The present study develops a simple but accurate model for estimating the damping contributed by mooring lines. A typical type of taut mooring line was used as the reference and the hydrodynamic drag force and soil resistance were taken into consideration. The proposed model was validated by comparing its predictions with those of a previously developed model and experimental measurements obtained by a physical model. Case studies and sensitivity studies were also conducted using the validated model. The damping induced by the soil resistance was found to be considerably smaller than the hydrodynamic damping. The superposition of the wave frequency motion on the low-frequency motion was also observed to significantly amplify the damping induced by the mooring lines.