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The Integration of Adaptive Elements into High-Rise Structures
Weidner, Stefanie,Steffen, Simon,Sobek, Werner Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2019 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.8 No.2
Whilst most research focuses on the reduction of operative energy use in buildings, the aspect of which (and how many) materials are used is often neglected and poorly explored. However, considering the continuous growth of the global population and the limited availability of resources, it is clear that focusing on operative energy alone is too short-sighted. The tasks lying ahead for architects and engineers cannot be accomplished with conventional methods of construction. With a share of 50-60% of global resource consumption, the building industry has a decisive impact on our environment. If business as usual continues, resources will be significantly depleted in a matter of decades. Therefore, researchers of the University of Stuttgart are investigating the concept of adaptivity as a promising method for saving resources in the built environment. The term adaptivity in the context of building structures was first introduced by Werner Sobek. It describes a method where sensors, actuators and control units are implemented in systems or facades in order to oppose physical impacts in an ideal way. The applicability of this method will be verified on an experimental high-rise building at the University campus in Stuttgart. Thus, this paper describes this innovative research project and depicts the concept of adaptivity in high-rise structures. Furthermore, it gives an overview of potential actuation concepts and the interdisciplinary challenges behind them.
Mary E. Weidner,Lejla Junuzovic- Zunic,Kenneth O. St. Louis 한국언어재활사협회 2020 Clinical Archives of Communication Disorders Vol.5 No.1
Purpose: A growing body of research has addressed children’s stuttering attitudes between preschool and upper elementary school. Attitudes among preschoolers and kindergarteners have been reported to be much lower that fifth graders’ attitudes, at which time children’s attitudes seemingly converge with their parents’ attitudes. It has been suggested these observed changes align with children’s social and cognitive development and are resistant to the influence of other variables, such as their culture. The purposes of this study were (a) to extend cultural examinations of children’s stuttering attitudes in a sample of kindergarteners through sixth graders in Bosnia & Herzegovina (B&H), and (b) to compare their attitudes with their parents’ attitudes. Methods: One hundred eighty-six child-parent pairs from B&H completed translated versions of the child and adult Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S/Child and POSHA-S). Four child cohorts were examined: (a) kindergarteners, (b) first and second graders, (c) third and fourth graders, and (d) fifth and sixth graders. Results: Children’s stuttering attitudes improved with age, with the youngest cohort holding the most negative attitudes. Parents held consistently more positive attitudes than the children overall, but the oldest children’s attitudes were quite similar to the parent group. Conclusions: Confirming previous research, children’s stuttering attitudes progressively improved with age and approached the attitudes of their parents by fifth and sixth grade.
Acton, Orb,Dubey, Manish,Weidner, Tobias,O’Malley, Kevin M.,Kim, Tae‐,Wook,Ting, Guy G.,Hutchins, Daniel,Baio, J. E.,Lovejoy, Tracy C.,Gage, Alexander H.,Castner, David G.,Ma, Hong,Jen, Alex K.& WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 Advanced functional materials Vol.21 No.8
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>An efficient process is developed by spin‐coating a single‐component, self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) to simultaneously modify the bottom‐contact electrode and dielectric surfaces of organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). This effi cient interface modifi cation is achieved using <I>n</I>‐alkyl phosphonic acid based SAMs to prime silver bottom‐contacts and hafnium oxide (HfO<SUB>2</SUB>) dielectrics in low‐voltage OTFTs. Surface characterization using near edge X‐ray absorption fi ne structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and spectroscopic ellipsometry suggest this process yields structurally well‐defi ned phosphonate SAMs on both metal and oxide surfaces. Rational selection of the alkyl length of the SAM leads to greatly enhanced performance for both <I>n</I>‐channel (C<SUB>60</SUB>) and p‐channel (pentacene) based OTFTs. Specifi cally, SAMs of <I>n</I>‐octylphos‐phonic acid (OPA) provide both low‐contact resistance at the bottom‐contact electrodes and excellent interfacial properties for compact semiconductor grain growth with high carrier mobilities. OTFTs based on OPA modifi ed silver electrode/HfO<SUB>2</SUB> dielectric bottom‐contact structures can be operated using < 3V with low contact resistance (down to 700 Ohm‐cm), low subthreshold swing (as low as 75 mV dec<SUP>−1</SUP>), high on/off current ratios of 107, and charge carrier mobilities as high as 4.6 and 0.8 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP>, for C60 and pentacene, respectively. These results demonstrate that this is a simple and efficient process for improving the performance of bottom‐contact OTFTs.</P>
Influence of Age and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on Serological Test for Celiac Disease in Children
Maheshwari, Anshu,He, Zhaoping,Weidner, Melissa Nicole,Lin, Patrick,Bober, Ryan,Del Rosario, Fernando J. The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2021 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.24 No.2
Purpose: Serological tests of tissue transglutaminase (TTG) and deamidated gliadin (DGP) antibodies for celiac disease diagnosis show conflicting correlation with histology in young children and in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Tests' ability to predict histology and cutoff values based on age and T1DM was evaluated. Methods: A retrospective study of children who had celiac serological tests between 6/1/2002 and 12/31/2014 at a pediatric hospital. Results: TTG IgA displayed similar results in predicting histology between <4.0 and ≥4.0 years age groups with sensitivity 98% and 93%, and specificity 88% and 86%, respectively. In children <4.0 years old, sensitivity for DGP antibodies was 100% and specificity 94%; in ≥4.0 years age groups, sensitivity was 60%, 88% for DGP IgA and IgG and specificity 95%, 96%, respectively. TTG IgA had low specificity in patients with T1DM compared with non-T1DM, 42% vs. 91%. Positive TTG IgA with normal histology was associated with higher T1DM prevalence at 36% compared with negative tests at 4%. Finally, the TTG IgA cutoff value was higher in T1DM at 36 vs. 16.3 units in non-T1DM. DGP IgG cutoff showed similar values between age groups; TTG IgA and DGP IgA cutoffs were lower in <4.0 years at 8.3 and 11.9 units than ≥4.0 years at 23.4 and 19.9, respectively. Conclusion: TTG IgA is sufficient for the <4.0 years age group and DGP antibodies had no advantage over TTG IgA in older children. The cutoff value to determine a positive TTG IgA should be higher for children with T1DM.
Lee, Jae-Young,Song, Min-Ho,Rim, Hyung-Ryul,Lee, Woo-Kum,Weidner, John W.,Lee, Hong-Ki American Scientific Publishers 2017 Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Vol.17 No.11
<P>Nickel phosphorus (Ni-P) alloy microtube was fabricated by using electroless plating on polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fiber having pm size diameter as a template, in which PAN fiber was activated by Pd nanoparticles in advance via a spontaneous reduction of sublimed palladium (II) bis(acetylacetonato), Pd(acac)2 at 180 degrees C vacuum condition. As the reduction time increased, the Pd nanoparticle size became larger and its density became denser. Ni P alloy was deposited on PAN/Pd fiber in an electroless Ni P plating solution, and finally PAN fiber was thermally decomposed resulting in Ni P alloy microtube. The microtube was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and this revealed that the wall thickness of the microtube increased with the increasing reduction time of Pd(acac)2 and with the increasing electroless plating temperature. Elemental analysis via energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed that the composition ratio of Ni:P in the microtube was approximately 94.3:5.7 atomic %.</P>