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      • <i>Metschnikowia</i> cf. <i>typographi</i> and other pathogens from the bark beetle <i>Ips sexdentatus</i> – Prevalence, histological and ultrastructural evidence, and molecular characterization

        Kleespies, Regina G.,Lim, Young Woon,Tkaczuk, Cezary,Wrzosek, Marta,Steinwender, Bernhardt M.,Wegensteiner, Rudolf Elsevier 2017 Journal of invertebrate pathology Vol.143 No.-

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Ips sexdentatus</I> (six-spined engraver beetle) from Austria and Poland were dissected and examined for the presence of pathogens. Specimens collected in Austria were found to contain the ascomycetous fungus <I>Metschnikowia</I> cf. <I>typographi</I>. Infection rates ranged from 3.6% to 26.8% at different collection sites. <I>M.</I> cf. <I>typographi</I> infected midguts were investigated by histological, ultrastructural and molecular techniques. Extraordinary ultrastructural details are shown, such as ascospores with bilateral flattened flanks resembling alar rims at both sides of their attenuating tube-like ends. These have not yet been described in other yeast species. Molecular investigations showed a close phylogenetic relationship to the fungi <I>Metschnikowia agaves</I> and <I>Candida wancherniae</I>. Presence of the entomopathogenic fungus <I>Beauveria bassiana</I> found in Austria was confirmed both morphologically and molecularly. The eugregarine <I>Gregarina typographi</I> was diagnosed most frequently. Infection rates of all <I>I. sexdentatus</I> specimens ranged from 21.4% to 71.9% in Austria and 54.1% to 68.8% in Poland. Other entomopathogenic protists, bacteria, or viruses were not detected.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Prevalence of <I>Metschnikowia</I> cf. <I>typographi</I> in <I>Ips sexdentatus</I> is described. </LI> <LI> Extraordinary ultrastructural details of <I>M.</I> cf. <I>typographi</I> are shown first with TEM. </LI> <LI> Phylogenetic relationship of <I>M.</I> cf. <I>typographi</I> is presented. </LI> <LI> Close relationship to <I>Metschnikowia agaves</I> and <I>Candida wancherniae</I> is shown. </LI> <LI> <I>Gregarina typographi</I> was diagnosed most frequently in Austria and Poland. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

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