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Han, Deog Hwa,Person, Paul G,Baillie Thomas A. 중앙대학교 약학연구소 1990 약학 논총 Vol.4 No.-
Four isotopically labelled analogs of S-(N-methylcarbamoyl) glutathione(SMG), the glutathione conjugate of methylisocyanate, and three isotopically-labelled derivatives of S-(N-methylcarbamoyl) cysteine (SMC), the corresponding cysteine adduct, have been prepared by reaction of glutathione and cysteine, respectively, with [1-^13C]-, [3-^13C]-, [3-14^C]- or [3, 3, 3-^2H_3]methylisocyanate. The latter species, which served as key intermediates in the syntheses, were obtained either by reaction of [1-^13C]acetylchloride with sodium azide [to give [1-^13C]methylisocyanate), or by reaction of silver cyanate with iodomethane labelled with ^13C, ^14C or deterium (to give the methyl-substituted compounds). Condensation of labelled methylisocyanate with glutathione or cysteine proceeded smoothly and in high yield in aqueous acetonitrile solution, and afforded the target conjugates in high isotopic purity. The structures of the products were confirmed by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry (FAB / MS / MS) and by ^1H- and ^13C-NMR spectroscopy.
Washington Rogerio de Sousa,Bruno Henrique Lopes Botelho Lourenc¸o,Michelle de Paula Reis,Guilherme Donadel,Marcia Alessandra Arantes Marques,Euclides Lara Cardozo Junior,Ezilda Jacomassi,Salviano Tra 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.1
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.; Aquifoliaceae) is a popular tonic and stimulant beverage that is widely consumed in different South American countries. Estimates indicate the consumption of >1 L per day in southern Brazil and Uruguay. Despite its relatively high consumption, data on reproductive toxicity during critical periods of gestation remain unclear. Thus, we evaluated the effects of an aqueous extract of I. paraguariensis leaves (“chimarrão” [IPC]) at two critical periods of gestation in Wistar rats: preimplantation embryonic stage and fetal organogenesis. Pregnant Wistar rats were orally treated with IPC (3, 30, and 300 mg/kg) from days 1 to 7 or 8 to 21 of pregnancy. The respective control groups received vehicle. During treatment, clinical signs of maternal toxicity, maternal body weight, and food and water intake were monitored. The rats were killed on days 8 and 20 of pregnancy, and the following parameters were evaluated: weight of the maternal uterus, weight of the liver, weight of the kidneys, weight of the spleen, total embryo implantation, preimplantation loss, the mean of live fetuses, the percentage of dead fetuses, fetus weight, and fetal malformation. The aqueous extract of the leaves of I. paraguariensis L. did not present any deleterious effects on preimplantation embryos or the organogenesis of offspring from female Wistar rats. These safety data provide evidence that IPC may be safe for consumption during gestation.
Hindsight, foresight, insight: three lenses for better policy-making
Washington Sally 한국행정학회 2023 International Review of Public Administration Vol.28 No.2
This article highlights three common capability gaps that are increas-ingly apparent in government policy making: learning from the past, anticipating the future, and bringing more diverse voices into public policy design and delivery. It advocates for the integration of three essential capabilities – hindsight, foresight, and deep insight – into policy making systems to enhance the evidence used in policy decisions and to shift mind-sets from narrow problem-solving to creating opportunities for better futures for society. To develop hind-sight capability, policy makers must transition toward a learning system that prioritizes continuous adaptation. The integration of foresight capability into policy design can enhance policy makers’ abilities to proactively anticipate and address potential future chal-lenges. For a more comprehensive understanding of policy and its effects on stakeholders, policy makers can improve the utilization of data and user-centered design methodologies. Establishing an evi-dence infrastructure that incorporates academic expertise can sup-port effective government policy making and better-informed policy choices.
Garrett Washington 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2013 Cross-Currents Vol.- No.6
In 1915, with the support of Jōdo Shinshū (True Pure Land) Buddhism’s Higashi Honganji sect and dozens of private Buddhist donors, Buddhist priest Chikazumi Jōkan erected a new, one-of-a-kind Buddhist meeting hall in Tokyo, the Kyūdō Kaikan. Chikazumi conceived of the building as a clear and deliberate spatial challenge to the crowded Protestant churches and lecture halls of turn-of-the-twentieth-century Tokyo. He chose prominent Western-style architect Takeda Goichi (1872–1938), rather than a traditional Japanese shrine or temple carpenter, to design it. The new building, in tandem with the adjacent Kyūdō Gakusha (Salvation Dormitory) that Chikazumi established in 1902, spoke to, and significantly impacted, the socio-moral, intellectual, and religious life of hundreds of young Tokyoites. These two buildings represented a response to Protestant Christianity’s popularity and relevance like no other in imperial Japan. In order to achieve the religious evangelism and suprasectarian reform that he envisioned for Buddhism, Chikazumi proved willing to apply observations made in the West and appropriate practical Western Christian architectural features. Through an analysis of drawings, photographs, periodicals, institutional records, and other sources, this article tells the story of the rare fusion of opposites as Chikazumi equipped Buddhism to compete with Protestantism for the attention and devotion of the educated elite.
"R. Lopez, Washington",유인성 해군대학 1982 海洋戰略 Vol.- No.15
越南에서의 苦杯는 別問題로 하여도, 過去 수年間 美海兵隊는 新兵의 資質問題와 訓練所의 酷毒한 訓練과 같은 問題를 包含한 빗발치는 批判에 시달려야만 하였다. 그러나 이제, 어떤 意味에서 美海兵대는 주로 域에 展開하여 戰鬪할 수 있는 美軍의 能力에에 더 좋은 여件에서 수命을 延長하게 되었다. 世界到처의 대한 공衆 의분쟁可能지 閨心 때문Barrow大장은 그가 옛 전통의 充실한 방禦에 正당성을 느끼고 있다는 分明한 印象을 남기고 있다. "美해兵대는 '여기에 우리가 있다.우리가 무엇을 하기를 바라는가?'라고 말하면서 내내 그 자리에서 待期하여 왔다." 이제 美海兵대 司令官은 "우리는 現재 재발견되었다'라고 結論을 내린다.
Senior Managed Care System for Hip Fracture in the United States
Hamed Yazdanshenas,Eleby R. Washington IV,Arya Nick Shamie,Firooz Madadi,Eleby R. Washington III 대한정형외과학회 2016 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.8 No.1
Background: It is debatable whether a managed care model would affect the quality of care and length of hospital stay in the treatment of hip fractures in elderly patients. Methods: This prospective study was undertaken to determine whether or not a managed care critical pathway tool shortened hospital stay in a group of 102 senior patients with fractures of the hip during follow-up. We compared our study findings with two equivalent populations of senior hip fracture patients not treated using a critical care pathway concerning specific markers of quality. Results: The managed care group had a 9% mortality rate, 95% return to prefracture living and 63% return to ambulatory status. The rates compared favorably with previous studies. The quality of care provided before and after the critical pathway was equivalent, while the post-pathway length of stay dropped 30%. Conclusions: The proposed care protocol is recommended to shorten hospital stay in elderly patients with hip fractures.
Romulo Maziero,Washington M. Cavalcanti,Bruno D. Castro,Claudia V. Campo, Rubio,Luciano M.G. Vieira,Tulio H. Panzera,Juan C. Campos Rubio Techno-Press 2023 Advances in materials research Vol.12 No.2
The development of sustainable composites materials, from recycled polymeric materials and waste from the wood industry and stone processing, allows reducing the volume of these by-products, minimizing impacts on health and the environment. Nowadays, Polypropylene (PP) is the most recycled polymer in industry, while the furniture industry has increasingly used timber felled from sustainable forest plantations as a eucalypt. The powder tailing from the ornamental stone extraction and processing industry is commonly disposed of in the environment without previous treatment. Thus, the technological option for the development of composite materials presents itself as a sustainable alternative for processing and manufacturing industries, enabling the development of new materials with special technical features. The results showed that powder granite particles may be incorporated into the polypropylene matrix associated with short eucalyptus fibres forming green hybrid composites with potential application in structural engineering, such as transport and civil construction industries.
Kim, Byeongil,Washington, Gregory N.,Yoon, Hwan-Sik Techno-Press 2013 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.11 No.6
This paper investigates application of a control algorithm called model predictive sliding mode control (MPSMC) to active vibration suppression of a cantilevered aluminum beam. MPSMC is a relatively new control algorithm where model predictive control is employed to enhance sliding mode control by enforcing the system to reach the sliding surface in an optimal manner. In previous studies, it was shown that MPSMC can be applied to reduce hysteretic effects of piezoelectric actuators in dynamic displacement tracking applications. In the current study, a cantilevered beam with unknown mass distribution is selected as an experimental test bed in order to verify the robustness of MPSMC in active vibration control applications. Experimental results show that MPSMC can reduce vibration of an aluminum cantilevered beam at least by 29% regardless of modified mass distribution.