http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
냉간 아이들시 Cam Phasing 최적화에 의한 배출가스 저감에 관한 연구
김완호(Wanho Kim),박성서(Sungseo Park),최병남(Byungnam Choi) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-
The fuel and spark control of gasoline engines at cold idle is a dominant factor to meet the exhaust emission regulations being reinforced recently. The engine control of cold idle phase has to be optimized to get low emissions enough to meet the regulations and good stability customers are satisfied with. In this study, we improved engine stability and reduced exhaust emissions by optimizing cold idle cam phasing after engine start.
임윤수(YoonSoo Yim),최완호(WanHo Choi) 한국법학회 2014 법학연구 Vol.54 No.-
본 연구는 도시재생사업의 공공성을 회복하고, 현재 중단된 사업의 정상화를 통하여 도시경쟁력을 확보하는 방안을 모색하고자 하는 것이 그 목적이다. 이와 같은 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 도시재생사업의 본질과 관련 이론을 검토하고, 관련 법률의 내용을 분석하였다. 분석결과 현재의 법 체제는 공공성의 확보와 도시기능의 회복이라는 도시재생 본연의 목적 달성에 부합하지 못한다고 판단하였다. 또한, 대부분의 도시재생사업이 주로 주거환경개선을 목적으로 하고 있다는 점, 구체적 시행방법으로서 전면철거 후 개발을 택하고 있다는 점, 기존 건축물의 노후화나 주거환경의 열악성과는 상관없이 수익성만을 근거로 정비사업이 시행된다는 점 등의 도시재생사업에 대한 반성과 문제제기는 결국 기존 도시재생 관련 법률의 정비 필요성을 야기하였다. 이러한 문제점들을 극복하기 위하여 도시재생의 개념을 기반으로 관련 법률들을 통합하고 도시재생 관련 법체계를 정립함은 물론 관련 법률간 충돌, 법률 내용상 상이, 법률과 하위 법령 또는 자치법규상 충돌 등도 해결하여야 할 것이다. 따라서 도시재생 관련 법률은 ?도시재생 기본법?을 상위법으로 하고, ?도시 및 주거환경법비법?을 사업법으로, ?도시재생 활성화 및 지원에 관한 법률?을 지원법으로 하는 체계를 갖추어 여러 법률에 흩어져 있는 도시재생 관련 법률을 체계화함은 물론 각 부처별로 무계획적으로 진행되고 있는 도시재생사업을 중앙정부와 지방정부 그리고 민간이 상호 협력하여 진행할 수 있도록 예산과 조직, 그리고 정보를 효율적으로 운영하여야 할 것이다. The purpose of this research is to seek a method to procure city competitiveness through normalization of currently suspended businesses and to restore the public character of the urban regeneration business that had been distorted in the past. In order to achieve such objective, this research reviewed the essence of urban regeneration and change of related laws. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that the current legal system does not conform to the achievement of the natural objective of urban regeneration, which is the restoration of urban function and procurement of public character. In addition, the problems raised and self-reflection on urban regeneration, such as the fact that most urban regeneration businesses have its objective to improve residential environment, development is selected as the specific implementation method after total demolishment, and maintenance business is implemented based only on profitability irrelevant to the coarseness of residential environment or deterioration of existing buildings, gave rise to the necessity of finally organizing existing laws related to urban regeneration. Thus, laws relating to urban regeneration should be equipped with a system, having the Urban Regeneration Framework Act as the higher law, the Urban and Living Environment Improvement Act as the business law, and the Act on the Promotion and Support of Urban Regeneration as the assisting law, in order to systemize laws relating to urban regeneration that are scattered through several laws and also to efficiently operate budget, organization, and information so that the national government, local government, and private sector may mutually cooperate to conduct the urban regeneration business, which is currently being implemented by each division in an unplanned manner.
Na, Hye Young,Sohn, Moah,Ryu, Seul Hye,Choi, Wanho,In, Hyunju,Shin, Hyun Soo,Park, Chae Gyu 한국조명·전기설비학회 2018 한국조명·전기설비학회 학술대회논문집 Vol. No.
<P>Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) are generated from bone marrow (BM) cells cultured with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for a week. In this study we investigated the effect of duration on the BM culture with GM-CSF. Within several months, the cells in the BM culture gradually expressed homogeneous levels of CD11c and major histocompatibility complex II on surface, and they became unable to stimulate allogeneic naïve T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). In addition, when the BM culture were sustained for 32 wk or longer, the BM cells acquired ability to suppress the proliferation of allogeneic T cells in MLR as well as the response of ovalbumin-specific OT-I transgenic T cells in antigen-dependent manner. We found that, except for programmed death-ligand 1, most cell surface molecules were expressed lower in the BM cells cultured with GM-CSF for the extended duration. These results indicate that BM cells in the extended culture with GM-CSF undergo 2 distinct steps of functional change; first, they lose the immunostimulatory capacity; and next, they gain the immunosuppressive ability.</P>