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Zhu Canmin,Wang Dili,Chang Chang,Liu Aofei,Zhou Ji,Yang Ting,Jiang Yuanfeng,Li Xia,Jiang Weijian 대한약리학회 2024 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.28 No.3
Dexmedetomidine displays multiple mechanisms of neuroprotection in ameliorating ischemic brain injury. In this study, we explored the beneficial effects of dexmedetomidine on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and neuroinflammation in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5 h and reperfusion for 24 h to establish a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Dexmedetomidine (9 g/kg) was administered to rats 30 min after MCAO through intravenous injection, and SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor, 200 g/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 30 min before MCAO. Brain damages were evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining, and brain water content assessment. BBB permeability was examined by Evans blue staining. Expression levels of claudin-5, zonula occludens-1, occludin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as well as M1/M2 phenotypes-associated markers were assessed using immunofluorescence, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and gelatin zymography. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to examine inflammatory cytokine levels. We found that dexmedetomidine or SB203580 attenuated infarct volume, brain edema, BBB permeability, and neuroinflammation, and promoted M2 microglial polarization after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Increased MMP-9 activity by ischemia/reperfusion injury was inhibited by dexmedetomidine or SB203580. Dexmedetomidine inhibited the activation of the ERK, JNK, and p38 MAPK pathways. Moreover, activation of JNK or p38 MAPK reversed the protective effects of dexmedetomidine against ischemic brain injury. Overall, dexmedetomidine ameliorated brain injury by alleviating BBB permeability and promoting M2 polarization in experimental cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury model by inhibiting the activation of JNK and p38 MAPK pathways.
Di Li,Hu Wang,Rui Wang,Yazhou Xiong 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.5
Based on the analysis of knowledge structure and factors that influence the professional competence of IMIS undergraduates, this paper selects 7 courses as evaluation indexes. Firstly, it gets 3 indexes of database theory, data oriented programming (C#), Management Information Systems as evidences through the method of information entropy reduction. Secondly, it improves the BPA of subjective experience by using rough set theory and gets an objective BPA. Finally, it uses D-S evidence theory to synthesize the evidence and evaluates the professional competence of IMIS undergraduates.