Outcomes of Endovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy and Intravenous Tissue Plasminogen Activator for the Treatment of Vertebrobasilar Stroke

Waleed Brinjikji,Alejandro A Rabinstein,Harry J Cloft 대한신경과학회 2014 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.10 No.1

Background and Purpose Aggressive treatment of posterior-circulation occlusions is important due to the high rates of morbidity and mortality associated with these infarctions. Alarge administrative database was evaluated to determine the outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) for the treatment of posteriorcirculation (vertebrobasilar) strokes. Outcomes were compared across age groups. Methods The United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample was used to evaluate the outcomesof patients treated for posterior-circulation acute ischemic stroke between 2006 and 2010. Patients who underwent endovascular mechanical thrombectomy and IV-tPA were selected. Primary outcomes were discharge status and mortality; secondary outcomes were length of stay,rate of intracranial hemorrhage, tracheostomy, and percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy/jejunostomy tube placement. Outcomes were grouped according to age (i.e., <50, 50–64, and ≥65years). Chi-squared test and Student’s t-test were used for comparisons of categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results During 2006–2010 there were 36,675 patients who had discharge International Classification of Diseases (9th edition) codes indicating posterior-circulation strokes. Of these, 631(1.7%) underwent mechanical thrombectomy and 1554 (4.2%) underwent IV-tPA. The in-hospital mortality rate for mechanical thrombectomy patients was significantly lower for thoseaged <50 years than for those aged 50–64 years (30.4% versus 47.4%, p<0.01) and those aged≥65 years (30.4% versus 43.0%, p≤0.01). Age had no effect on the in-hospital mortality for IVtPA patients, with an incidence of 22.7% for patients aged <50 years, compared to 25.4% forpatients aged 50–64 years (p=0.46) and 23.0% for patients aged ≥65 years (p=0.92). Conclusions Patients requiring IV-tPA and/or mechanical thrombectomy for the treatment ofposterior-circulation strokes suffer from high mortality rates. Increased age is associated withsignificantly higher mortality rates among posterior-circulation stroke patients who require mechanical thrombectomy.

Sclerotherapy for Venous Malformations of Head and Neck: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Lucio De Maria,Paolo De Sanctis,Karthik Balakrishnan,Megha Tollefson,Waleed Brinjikji 대한신경중재치료의학회 2020 Neurointervention Vol.15 No.1

We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies performing sclerotherapy for treatment of venous malformations (VMs) of the face, head and neck. It is our hope that data from this study could be used to better inform providers and patients regarding the benefits and risks of percutaneous sclerotherapy for treatment of face, head and neck VMs. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE from 2000–2018 for studies evaluating the safety and efficacy of percutaneous sclerotherapy of neck, face and head VMs. Two independent reviewers selected studies and abstracted data. The primary outcomes were complete and partial resolution of the VM. Data were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis. Thirty-seven studies reporting on 2,067 patients were included. The overall rate of complete cure following percutaneous sclerotherapy with any agent was 64.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 57.4–72.0%). Sodium tetradecyl sulfate had the lowest complete cure rate at 55.5% (95% CI, 36.1–74.9%) while pingyangmycin had the highest cure rate at 82.9% (95% CI, 71.1–94.7%). Overall patient satisfaction rates were 91.0% (95% CI, 86.1–95.9%). Overall quality of life improvement was 78.9% (95% CI, 67.0–90.8%). Overall permanent morbidity/mortality was 0.8% (95% CI, 0.3–1.3%) with no cases of mortality. Our systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 studies and over 2,000 patients found that percutaneous sclerotherapy is a very safe and effective treatment modality for treatment of VMs of the head, neck and face.

Trends in Utilization of Preoperative Embolization for Spinal Metastases: A Study of the National Inpatient Sample 2005–2017

Wahood Waseem,Alexander Alex Yohan,Yolcu Yagiz Ugur,Brinjikji Waleed,Kallmes David F.,Lanzino Giuseppe,Bydon Mohamad 대한신경중재치료의학회 2021 Neurointervention Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: While previous studies have suggested that preoperative embolization of hypervascular spinal metastases may alleviate intraoperative blood loss and improve resectability, trends and driving factors for choosing this approach have not been extensively explored. Therefore, we evaluated the trends and assessed the factors associated with preoperative embolization utilization for spinal metastatic tumors using a national inpatient database.Materials and Methods: The National Inpatient Sample database of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project was queried for patients undergoing surgical resection for spinal metastasis between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2017. Patients undergoing preoperative embolization were identified; trends in the utilization of preoperative embolization were analyzed using the Cochran-Armitage test. Multivariable regression was conducted to assess factors associated with higher preoperative embolization utilization.Results: A total of 11,508 patients with spinal metastasis were identified; 105 (0.91%) underwent preoperative embolization. Of those 105 patients, 79 (75.24%) patients had a primary renal cancer, as compared to 1,732 (15.19%) of those who did not undergo preoperative embolization (P<0.001). The majority of patients in the non-preoperative embolization cohort had a primary lung tumor (n=3,562, 31.24%). Additionally, patient comorbidities were similar among the 2 groups (P>0.05). Trends in preoperative embolization indicated an increase of 0.16% (standard error: 0.024%, P<0.001) in utilization per year.Conclusion: Utilization of preoperative embolization for spinal metastasis is increasing yearly, especially for patients with renal cancer, suggesting that surgeons may increasingly consider embolization before surgical resection for hypervascular tumors. Additionally, the literature has shown the intraoperative and postoperative benefits of this procedure.

Assessment of Blood Clot Composition by Spectral Optical Coherence Tomography: An In Vitro Study

Ding Yonghong,Abbasi Mehdi,Eltanahy Ahmed M.,Jakaitis Daniel R.,Dai Daying,Kadirvel Ramanathan,Kallmes David F.,Brinjikji Waleed 대한신경중재치료의학회 2021 Neurointervention Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential for <i>in vivo</i> clot composition characterization in difficult mechanical embolectomy cases. We performed an <i>in vitro</i> study to determine the OCT characteristics of red blood cells (RBCs) and fibrin rich clots.Materials and Methods: Analogues of 5 compositions of clots (5% to 95% RBCs from Group A to E) were created from human blood. The blood mixture was injected into the bifurcation of a 3D printed bifurcated silicone tube. The OPTISTM Integrated System (St. Jude Medical Inc.) was used to identify the magnitude of OCT signals from different compositions of clots. Martius Scarlett Blue trichrome (MSB) staining was performed to confirm the composition of RBCs and fibrin in each clot.Results: Group A and B showed less signal attenuation (less than 30%) from its surface to the inside, which indicated high penetration (low-back scattering). Group C indicated intermediate signal attenuation (60%) from its surface to inside the clots, in which signals were found even at the periphery of the clot. Group D and E were superficially signal rich with more signal attenuation (more than 80%) from its surface to the inside indicating low penetration (high-back scattering). Signal-free shadowing was shown in 3 clots in Group E. MSB staining indicated color change (from red in fibrin-rich clots to yellow in RBC-rich clots).Conclusion: Different compositions of clots can be assessed using OCT. Fibrin-rich clots have homogeneous signals with high penetration, while RBC-rich clots can be recognized as superficially signal rich with low penetration.