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The Education of Young Children in Hong Kong: Implications for Early Childhood Teacher Education
Wai Yee Margaret Kwong Lee,Po Wah Tse Chan 한국유아교육학회 2000 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.5 No.-
Teacher educators need to be more responsive to the views of stakeholders in the provision of teacher education programs. In the planning phase of two new preschool teacher education courses, a large scale, systematic study ("the contextual analysis") was conducted to collect stake-holders‘ views on the following: What is it like for young children to grow up in Hong Kong and what are the contextual factors impinging on it? What is the role of early childhood education? Who are the competent early childhood teachers and what makes them competent? Qualitative and quantitative data was collected through focus group interviews, a questionnaire survey and an archival study. This paper reports the process and outcome, and examines the utility of the study.
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The Education of Young Children in Hong Kong : Implications for Early Childhood Teacher Education
Kwong-Lee, Wai Yee Margaret,Chan, Po-Wah Tse 한국유아교육학회 2000 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION Vol.5 No.-
Teacher educators need to be more responsive to the views of stakeholders in the provision of teacher education programs. In the planning phase of two new preschool teacher education courses, a large scale, systematic study ("the contextual analysis") was conducted to collect stake-holders' views on the following: What is it like for young children to grow up in Hong Kong and what are the contextual factors impinging on it? What is the role of early childhood education? Who are the competent early childhood teachers and what makes them competent? Qualitative and quantitative data was collected through focus group interviews, a questionnaire survey and an archival study. This paper reports the process and outcome, and examines the utility of the study.
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Ma, K.K.,Chau, Wai Wang,Wong, Connie H.N.,Wong, Kerry,Fung, Nicholas,Lee, J.T. Andrea,Choi, L.Y. Catherine,Suen, Dacita T.K.,Kwong, Ava Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.5
Background: Ethnic variation in tumor characteristics and clinical presentation of breast cancer is increasingly being emphasized. We studied the tumor characteristics and factors which may influence the presentation and prognosis of triple negative breast cancers (TNC) in a cohort of Chinese women. Methods: A prospective cohort of 1800 Chinese women with breast cancer was recruited in a tertiary referral unit in Hong Kong between 1995 and 2006 and was followed up with a median duration of 7.2 years. Of the total, 216 (12.0%) had TNC and 1584 (88.0%) had non-TNC. Their clinicopathological variables, epidemiological variables and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Results: Patients with TNC had similar age of presentation as those with non-TNC, while presenting at earlier stages (82.4% were stage 1-2, compared to 78.4% in non-TNC, p=0.035). They were likely to be associated with grade 3 cancer (Hazard Ratio(HR)=5.8, p<0.001). TNC showed higher chance of visceral relapse (HR=2.69, p<0.001), liver metastasis (HR=1.7, p=0.003) and brain metastasis (HR=1.8, p=0.003). Compared with non-TNC group, TNC had similar 10-year disease-free survival (82% vs 84%, p=0.148), overall survival (78% vs 79%, p=0.238) and breast cancer-specific mortality (18% vs 16%, p=0.095). However, TNC showed poorer 10-year stage 3 and 4 specific survival (stage 3: 53% vs. 67%, p=0.010; stage 4: 0% vs. 40%, p=0.035). Conclusions: Chinese women with triple negative breast cancer do not have less aggressive biological behavior compared to the West and presentation at a later stage results in worse prognosis compared with those with non triple negative breast cancer.
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Dickson Charge Pump with Gate Drive Enhancement and Area Saving
Hesheng Lin,Wing Chun Chan,Wai Kwong Lee,Zhirong Chen,Min Zhang 전력전자학회 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.3
This paper presents a novel charge pump scheme that combines the advantages of Fibonacci and Dickson charge pumps to obtain 30 V voltage for display driver integrated circuit application. This design only requires four external capacitors, which is suitable for a small-package application, such as smart card displays. High-amplitude (<6.6 V) clocks are produced to enhance the gate drive of a Dickson charge pump and improve the system’s current drivability by using a voltage-doubler charge pump with a pulse skip regulator. This regulation engages many middle-voltage devices, and approximately 30% of chip size is saved. Further optimization of flying capacitors tends to decrease the total chip size by 2.1%. A precise and simple model for a one-stage Fibonacci charge pump with current load is also proposed for further efficiency optimization. In a practical design, its voltage error is within 0.12% for 1 mA of current load, and it maintains a 2.83% error even for 10 mA of current load. This charge pump is fabricated through a 0.11 μm 1.5 V/6 V/32 V process, and two regulators, namely, a pulse skip one and a linear one, are operated to maintain the output of the charge pump at 30 V. The performances of the two regulators in terms of ripple, efficiency, line regulation, and load regulation are investigated.
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Dickson Charge Pump with Gate Drive Enhancement and Area Saving
Lin, Hesheng,Chan, Wing Chun,Lee, Wai Kwong,Chen, Zhirong,Zhang, Min The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.3
This paper presents a novel charge pump scheme that combines the advantages of Fibonacci and Dickson charge pumps to obtain 30 V voltage for display driver integrated circuit application. This design only requires four external capacitors, which is suitable for a small-package application, such as smart card displays. High-amplitude (<6.6 V) clocks are produced to enhance the gate drive of a Dickson charge pump and improve the system's current drivability by using a voltage-doubler charge pump with a pulse skip regulator. This regulation engages many middle-voltage devices, and approximately 30% of chip size is saved. Further optimization of flying capacitors tends to decrease the total chip size by 2.1%. A precise and simple model for a one-stage Fibonacci charge pump with current load is also proposed for further efficiency optimization. In a practical design, its voltage error is within 0.12% for 1 mA of current load, and it maintains a 2.83% error even for 10 mA of current load. This charge pump is fabricated through a 0.11 μm 1.5 V/6 V/32 V process, and two regulators, namely, a pulse skip one and a linear one, are operated to maintain the output of the charge pump at 30 V. The performances of the two regulators in terms of ripple, efficiency, line regulation, and load regulation are investigated.
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