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- 저자 : Wafula, David Kayaja (검색결과 2 건)
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Genome Sequence of <i>Striga asiatica</i> Provides Insight into the Evolution of Plant Parasitism
Yoshida, Satoko,Kim, Seungill,Wafula, Eric K.,Tanskanen, Jaakko,Kim, Yong-Min,Honaas, Loren,Yang, Zhenzhen,Spallek, Thomas,Conn, Caitlin E.,Ichihashi, Yasunori,Cheong, Kyeongchae,Cui, Songkui,Der, Jos Elsevier 2019 Current biology Vol.29 No.18
<P><B>Summary</B></P> <P>Parasitic plants in the genus <I>Striga</I>, commonly known as witchweeds, cause major crop losses in sub-Saharan Africa and pose a threat to agriculture worldwide. An understanding of <I>Striga</I> parasite biology, which could lead to agricultural solutions, has been hampered by the lack of genome information. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of <I>Striga asiatica</I> with 34,577 predicted protein-coding genes, which reflects gene family contractions and expansions that are consistent with a three-phase model of parasitic plant genome evolution. <I>Striga</I> seeds germinate in response to host-derived strigolactones (SLs) and then develop a specialized penetration structure, the haustorium, to invade the host root. A family of SL receptors has undergone a striking expansion, suggesting a molecular basis for the evolution of broad host range among <I>Striga</I> spp. We found that genes involved in lateral root development in non-parasitic model species are coordinately induced during haustorium development in <I>Striga</I>, suggesting a pathway that was partly co-opted during the evolution of the haustorium. In addition, we found evidence for horizontal transfer of host genes as well as retrotransposons, indicating gene flow to <I>S. asiatica</I> from hosts. Our results provide valuable insights into the evolution of parasitism and a key resource for the future development of <I>Striga</I> control strategies.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The <I>Striga</I> genome reflects a three-phase model of parasitic plant genome evolution </LI> <LI> A family of strigolactone receptors has undergone a striking expansion in <I>Striga</I> </LI> <LI> Genes in lateral root development are coordinately induced in a parasitic organ </LI> <LI> Host genes and retrotransposons are horizontally transferred into <I>Striga</I> </LI> </UL> </P>
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Kinyua, Esther Wairimu,Maina, Charles Irungu,Kaingu, Catherine Kaluwa,Wafula, David Kayaja Cellmed Orthocellular Medicine and Pharmaceutical 2020 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.10 No.1
Uterotonics have the ability to contract uterus. Such plants might be useful in augmenting or inducing labour, expelling retained afterbirth and for abortifacient purposes. Limitations associated with conventional treatments have made herbal medicines a feasible alternative for the management of these conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contractile effects of Uvariodendron kirkii extracts on isolated uterine strips of female Wistar rats. Isolated strips of Wistar rats' uteri were treated with 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml concentrations of Uvariodendron kirkii aqueous extract. The plant extract was also tested against prostaglandin and oxytocin induced uterine contractions. Uvariodendron kirkii extract concentrations (20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml) increased the frequency of uterine contraction (16.53, 25.12, 33.48 and 56.39 percentages respectively) compared to the control. The graded extract concentrations caused a significant increase in amplitude (force) of uterine contractions by 2.87, 9.22, 16.37 and 24.32 percentages respectively. The concentrations significantly increased the frequency of oxytocin induced uterine contractions by 6.92; 28.31; 47.06, 58.78 percentages respectively. The graded extract concentrations also significantly increased the amplitude of oxytocin induced uterine contractions by 6.07; 9.40; 15.19 and 23.56 percentages respectively. Uvariodendron kirkii extract concentrations significantly increased the frequency and amplitude of prostaglandin induced contractions. The percentage increase in frequency was 11.44, 8.92, 20.65 and 35.71 at 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml respectively. The mean amplitude of prostaglandin induced uterine contractions also increased (4.75, 3.89, 8.29 and 15.91% at 20. 40, 80 and 160 mg/ml respectively). The extract caused a dose dependent increase in uterine frequency and amplitude of contraction. The findings of thisstudy are useful in generating a novel uterotonic agent that will be useful in augmenting labour or in expelling retained after birth in cattle. More studies at molecular level will further elucidate the plant mechanism of action.
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