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Jeon, B.W.,Lee, J.,Kim, H.S.,Cho, D.H.,Lee, H.,Chang, R.,Kim, Y.H. Elsevier Science Publishers 2013 Journal of biotechnology Vol.168 No.2
R-lactide, a pivotal monomer for the production of poly (D-lactic acid) (PDLA) or stereocomplex poly (lactic acid) (PLA) was synthesized from alkyl ®-lactate through a lipase-catalyzed reaction without racemization. From among several types of lipase, only lipase B from Candida antarctica (Novozym 435; CAL-B) was effective in the reaction that synthesized (R,R)-lactide. Enantiopure (R,R)-lactide, which consisted of over 99% enantiomeric excess, was synthesized from methyl ®-lactate through CAL-B catalysis. Removal of the methanol by-product was critical to obtain a high level of lactide conversion. The (R,R)-lactide yield was 56% in a reaction containing 100mg of Novozym 435, 10mM methyl ®-lactate and 1500mg of molecular sieve 5A in methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). The important monomer (R,R)-lactide that is required for the production of the widely recognized bio-plastic PDLA and the PLA stereocomplex can be obtained using this novel synthetic method.
Lee, S. G.,Lee, J.,Kim, M. J.,Choi, J. B.,Kim, T. H.,Ban, E. J.,Lee, C. R.,Kang, S. W.,Jeong, J. J.,Nam, K. H. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Surgical endoscopy Vol.30 No.8
<P>The role of the robot in thyroid surgery remains uncertain, and it is unclear whether robotic total thyroidectomy (R-TT) can be justified as a standard treatment for patients with thyroid cancer. This study compared the long-term operative results and oncologic outcomes of R-TT and conventional open TT (O-TT) after propensity score matching of the cohorts. This study retrospectively evaluated patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) who underwent TT with central compartment node dissection (CCND) by a single surgeon in tertiary medical center. Of the 833 patients, 94 (11.3 %) were lost to follow-up. 245 (33.2 %) underwent R-TT, and 494 (66.8 %) underwent O-TT. The mean follow-up duration was 74 (range 61-91) months. Propensity score matching in age, gender, tumor size, extrathyroidal invasion, multiplicity, bilaterality, and TNM stage identified 206 pairs of patients. The long-term oncologic outcomes were assessed in the R-TT and O-TT groups before and after adjustment for baseline covariates. After adjustment for baseline covariates, serum thyroglobulin (Tg) (p = 0.746) and anti-thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) (p = 0.394) concentrations were similar in the two groups 5 years after surgery. Nine patients experienced locoregional recurrence, six in the O-TT and three in the R-TT group, with all recurrences in regional LNs. Disease-free survival (DFS) was similar in the R-TT and O-TT groups before matching (p = 0.890) and after adjustment for baseline covariates (p = 0.882). This represents the first report of 5-year surgical outcomes in patients who underwent R-TT for thyroid cancer. Long-term oncologic quality was similar after R-TT and O-TT.</P>
Probiotic properties of Weissella strains isolated from human faeces
Lee, K.W.,Park, J.Y.,Jeong, H.R.,Heo, H.J.,Han, N.S.,Kim, J.H. Academic Press 2012 Anaerobe Vol.18 No.1
Three Weissella confusa and five Weissella cibaria strains were previously isolated from human faeces and their potential as probiotics was examined in this work. Resistance to low pHs (pH 2.0 and 3.0) and 0.3% bile salt were examined. Enzyme activities, susceptibilities to heat treatment and various antibiotics, and adhesion capacities to Caco-2 cells were also examined. All Weissella strains were killed when exposed to pH 2.0 for 2 h but survived at pH 3.0 with different survival ratios. W. confusa 31 survived best (20.2%) and W. confusa 31 was also quite resistant against 0.3% bile salt (128.8%). All strains except one grew well at temperature between 15 and 45 <SUP>o</SUP>C and all strains grew in the presence of 6.5% NaCl. W. confusa 20 showed the highest β-galactosidase activity (527.3 +/- 23.66 unit/mg protein) and W. cibaria 31 had the highest β-glucosidase activity (115.12 +/- 5.3 unit/mg protein) in MRS broth. All strains adhered to Caco-2 cells better than Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and W. confusa 20 was the best adhesive strain (85 CFU/cell). These results show that some strains such as W. confusa 31 and W. confusa 20 are fully qualified as probiotics and deserve further application studies.
간호대생들의 임상실습 스트레스, 학업적 자기효능감 및 진로정체감에 대한 연구
최유빈,최민지,이은형,이연우,우소연,하희주,허예지,박수현,허미래,이가현 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2015 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.49
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate clinical practice stress, academic self-efficacy, and career identity among undergraduate students in nursing practicum. Method: This study was a descriptive correlational design using the survey method. The study included 267 undergraduate students attending to 5 college in Seoul. The data was gathered from August 2014 to October 2014 and the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 22.0 Program with descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance with Scheffe test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Situational characteristics of Clinical Practice Stress(CPP) was significantly different with regards to task difficulties and efficacy self-confidence of academic self-efficacy(ASE) (r= .179, p= .003; r= .166, p= .006). Statistically significant positive relationship was founded between Personal characteristics of CPP and self-confidence of ASE (r= .239, p< .01). External regulators of CPP was significantly different according to self-confidence and task difficulties (r= .175, p= .003; r= .132, p= .028). The self-confidence and efficacy for self-confidence of ASE were a significantly correlated with Career Identity; The Career identity also was a significantly correlated with all sub-categories of CSS scale(r= -0.208, p< 0.01; r= -0.369, p< 0.01; r= -0.153, p< .011) Conclusion: This study showed positive statistical relationships associated with clinical practice stress, academic self-efficacy, and career identity as a preliminary evidence-based study for guiding education in nursing curriculum. Further research should be need for students’ future as a professional nurse.
Design and Implementation of OF-LED illuminated Display Board System for energy saving
S.R.Lee,C.H.Jeon,S.W.Lee,S.H.Ko,E.C.Lee 전력전자학회 2004 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-
This paper studies the Optical Fiber (OF) - LED illuminated display board system for energy saving. The OFLED illuminated display board system has PV module, batteries, charge & discharge system, and dynamic full color display controller. Both maximum power point tracker (MPPT) and constant current & constant current controls (CCVC) are used to govern the charging system. This system improves the charging efficiency of battery. To verify the proposed system, the simulation and experiment results show the operating characteristics with a laboratory prototype.