Genetic parameters for somatic cell score, milk yield and type traits in Nigerian Dwarf goats

Valencia-Posadas Mauricio,Lechuga-Arana Alma Arianna,Ávila-Ramos Fidel,Shepard Lisa,Montaldo Hugo H. 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.3

Objective: This study was conducted to estimate multi-trait genetic parameters for somatic cell score (SCS), milk yield and type traits in Nigerian Dwarf (ND) goats from the United States. Methods: Data from 1,041 ND goats in the United States with kiddings in 95 herds were used to estimate multi-trait genetic parameters for SCS, milk (MILK), fat (FAT), and protein (PROT) yields, and 14 type traits. An 18-trait mixed linear animal model for lactation mean SCS (Log2), MILK, FAT, PROT, and 14 type traits was applied. A factor analytic approach (FA1) in ASReml software was used to obtain convergence. Results: Averages for SCS were low (2.85±1.29 Log2), and were 314±110.6, 20.9±7.4, and 14±4.9 kg, respectively, for MILK, FAT, and PROT. Heritabilities for SCS, MILK, FAT, and PROT were 0.32, 0.16, 0.16, and 0.10, respectively. The highest heritabilities for type traits were for stature (0.72), teat diameter (0.49), and rump width (0.48), and the lowest estimates were for dairyness (0.003) and medial suspensory ligament (0.03). Genetic correlations of SCS with MILK, FAT, and PROT were positive but low (0.25, 0.18, and 0.23, respectively). Genetic and phenotypic correlations between MILK, FAT, and PROT were high and positive (≥0.66). Absolute values of genetic correlations involving SCS with type traits were generally low or no different from zero. Most of the phenotypic correlations involving SCS with type traits were low. No serious unfavorable genetic correlations between milk yield traits and SCS or between milk yield traits or SCS and type traits were found. Conclusion: Genetic variation exists in the ND breed for most studied traits. The development of selection programs based on these estimates may help accelerate favorable multitrait genetic changes in this breed. Objective: This study was conducted to estimate multi-trait genetic parameters for somatic cell score (SCS), milk yield and type traits in Nigerian Dwarf (ND) goats from the United States.Methods: Data from 1,041 ND goats in the United States with kiddings in 95 herds were used to estimate multi-trait genetic parameters for SCS, milk (MILK), fat (FAT), and protein (PROT) yields, and 14 type traits. An 18-trait mixed linear animal model for lactation mean SCS (Log2), MILK, FAT, PROT, and 14 type traits was applied. A factor analytic approach (FA1) in ASReml software was used to obtain convergence.Results: Averages for SCS were low (2.85±1.29 Log2), and were 314±110.6, 20.9±7.4, and 14±4.9 kg, respectively, for MILK, FAT, and PROT. Heritabilities for SCS, MILK, FAT, and PROT were 0.32, 0.16, 0.16, and 0.10, respectively. The highest heritabilities for type traits were for stature (0.72), teat diameter (0.49), and rump width (0.48), and the lowest estimates were for dairyness (0.003) and medial suspensory ligament (0.03). Genetic correlations of SCS with MILK, FAT, and PROT were positive but low (0.25, 0.18, and 0.23, respectively). Genetic and phenotypic correlations between MILK, FAT, and PROT were high and positive (≥0.66). Absolute values of genetic correlations involving SCS with type traits were generally low or no different from zero. Most of the phenotypic correlations involving SCS with type traits were low. No serious unfavorable genetic correlations between milk yield traits and SCS or between milk yield traits or SCS and type traits were found.Conclusion: Genetic variation exists in the ND breed for most studied traits. The development of selection programs based on these estimates may help accelerate favorable multitrait genetic changes in this breed.

Electronic and carrier transport properties of small molecule donors

Valencia-Maturana, Ramon,Pao, Chun-Wei Techno-Press 2017 Coupled systems mechanics Vol.6 No.1

As electron donor/acceptor materials for organic photovoltaic cells, small-molecules donors/acceptor are attracting more and more attention. In this work, we investigated the electronic structures, electrochemical properties, and charge carrier transport properties of four recently-synthesized small-molecule donors/acceptor, namely, DPDCPB (A), DPDCTB (B), DTDCPB (A1), and DTDCTB (B1), by a series of ab initio calculations. The calculations look into the electronic structure of singly oxidized and reduced molecules, the first anodic and cathodic potentials, and the electrochemical gaps. Results of our calculations were in accord with those from experiments. Using Marcus theory, we also computed the reorganization energies of hole/electron hoppings, as well as hole/electron transfer integrals of multiple possible molecular dimer configurations. Our calculations indicated that the electron/hole transport properties are very sensitive to the relative separations/orientations between neighboring molecules. Due to high reorganization energies for electron hopping, the hole mobilities in the molecular crystals are at least an order of magnitude higher than the electron mobilities.

Electronic and carrier transport properties of small molecule donors

Valencia-Maturana, Ramon,Pao, Chun-Wei 테크노프레스 2016 Multiscale and multiphysics mechanics Vol.1 No.4

As electron donor/acceptor materials for organic photovoltaic cells, small-molecules donors/acceptor are attracting more and more attention. In this work, we investigated the electronic structures, electrochemical properties, and charge carrier transport properties of four recently-synthesized small-molecule donors/acceptor, namely, DPDCPB (A), DPDCTB (B), DTDCPB (A1), and DTDCTB (B1), by a series of ab initio calculations. The calculations look into the electronic structure of singly oxidized and reduced molecules, the first anodic and cathodic potentials, and the electrochemical gaps. Results of our calculations were in accord with those from experiments. Using Marcus theory, we also computed the reorganization energies of hole/electron hoppings, as well as hole/electron transfer integrals of multiple possible molecular dimer configurations. Our calculations indicated that the electron/hole transport properties are very sensitive to the relative separations/orientations between neighboring molecules. Due to high reorganization energies for electron hopping, the hole mobilities in the molecular crystals are at least an order of magnitude higher than the electron mobilities.

Parametric survival model based on the Lévy distribution

Valencia-Orozco, Andrea,Tovar-Cuevas, Jose R. The Korean Statistical Society 2019 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.26 No.5

It is possible that data are not always fitted with sufficient precision by the existing distributions; therefore this article presents a methodology that enables the use of families of asymmetric distributions as alternative probabilistic models for survival analysis, with censorship on the right, different from those usually studied (the Exponential, Gamma, Weibull, and Lognormal distributions). We use a more flexible parametric model in terms of density behavior, assuming that data can be fit by a distribution of stable distribution families considered unconventional in the analyses of survival data that are appropriate when extreme values occur, with small probabilities that should not be ignored. In the methodology, the determination of the analytical expression of the risk function h(t) of the $L{\acute{e}}vy$ distribution is included, as it is not usually reported in the literature. A simulation was conducted to evaluate the performance of the candidate distribution when modeling survival times, including the estimation of parameters via the maximum likelihood method, survival function ${\hat{S}}$(t) and Kaplan-Meier estimator. The obtained estimates did not exhibit significant changes for different sample sizes and censorship fractions in the sample. To illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methodology, an application with real data, regarding the survival times of patients with colon cancer, was considered.

BRAND IMAGE FIT AND ITS EFFECT ON FASHION BRAND COLLABORATION

Valencia Lo,Min Teah,Isaac Cheah 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

The main objective of this research is to investigate the impact of brand image fit on consumer’s perceived luxury, perceived symbolic value, perceived authenticity, and perceived novelty towards fashion brand collaboration. This study uses a qualitative approach to test the research hypotheses. The contribution of this study is twofold: (1) it conceptually advances Congruity Theory and Spillover effect into the area of brand collaboration within a fashion domain; (2) it provides insights into the efficacy of each consumer-related factors which can be used in the development of sound collaboration strategies, in addition to branding and pricing strategies of new fashion brand collaborations.

Put the PSI Under the UN

Mark Valencia 동아시아재단 2008 Global Asia Vol.3 No.2

Environmental Microbiology and Engineering : Effects of Iron-Reducing Bacteria on Carbon Steel Corrosion Induced by Thermophilic Sulfate-Reducing Consortia

( Eduardo Valencia Cantero ),( Juan Jose Pena Cabriales ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.2

Four thermophilic bacterial species, including the iron-reducing bacterium Geobacillus sp. G2 and the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfotomaculum sp. SRB-M, were employed to integrate a bacterial consortium. A second consortium was integrated with the same bacteria, except for Geobacillus sp. G2. Carbon steel coupons were subjected to batch cultures of both consortia. The corrosion induced by the complete consortium was 10 times higher than that induced by the second consortium, and the ferrous ion concentration was consistently higher in ironreducing consortia. Scanning electronic microscopy analysis of the carbon steel surface showed mineral films colonized by bacteria. The complete consortium caused profuse fracturing of the mineral film, whereas the non-iron-reducing consortium did not generate fractures. These data show that the iron-reducing activity of Geobacillus sp. G2 promotes fracturing of mineral films, thereby increasing steel corrosion.

EL EFECTO DRAGON Y LA EVALUACION DE LAS ECONOMIAS DEL ESTE ASIATICO

Enrique Valencia Lomeli 한국라틴아메리카학회 1998 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.11 No.S

Morpho-agronomic and genetic variation among Phaseolus vulgaris landraces from selected provinces of South Africa

Ndlangamandla Valencia Vuyisile,Ntuli Nontuthuko Rosemary 한국작물학회 2022 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.25 No.1

Phaseolus vulgaris L., commonly known as common beans, is widely used for its edible leaves, immature pods, and dry seeds. Studies on variation in morphology and genetics among P. vulgaris landraces are limited in South Africa. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the morpho-agronomic and genetic variations among P. vulgaris landraces. Thirty-eight landraces from diferent agro-ecological origins, planted in a randomized complete block design, had their variation in vegetative and reproductive traits determined. These landraces were studied for their genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The landraces were clustered in a biplot and dendrogram based on their seed coats, shape, similar morpho-agronomic traits, and their areas of origin. A total of 57 alleles were produced with a mean of 3.64 per SSR locus. The polymorphism information content ranged from 0.00 to 0.58. The population structure had the highest delta value K=2, thus the 38 landraces were divided into two subpopulations based on the Bayesian approach. The population structure showed an overlap among the landraces as several from the Mesoamerican carried some seed traits or genes from the Andean gene pool, and showed a high level of admixtures. The principal coordinate analysis and the dendrogram had a similar clustering pattern as the population structure. This study revealed the potential markers with high diversity that can be used to determine genetically homogenous/heterogeneous landraces. Therefore, the use of PV-ctt001, PV-ag001, and PV-at003 could be benefcial in future breeding, conservation, and marker-assisted selection studies.

Neuronal Autophagy: Characteristic Features and Roles in Neuronal Pathophysiology

( McNeil Valencia ),( Sung Rae Kim ),( Yeseul Jang ),( Sung Hoon Lee ) 한국응용약물학회 2021 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.29 No.6

Autophagy is an important degradative pathway that eliminates misfolded proteins and damaged organelles from cells. Autophagy is crucial for neuronal homeostasis and function. A lack of or deficiency in autophagy leads to the accumulation of protein aggregates, which are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases. Compared with non-neuronal cells, neurons exhibit rapid autophagic flux because damaged organelles or protein aggregates cannot be diluted in post-mitotic cells; because of this, these cells exhibit characteristic features of autophagy, such as compartment-specific autophagy, which depends on polarized structures and rapid autophagy flux. In addition, neurons exhibit compartment-specific autophagy, which depends on polarized structures. Neuronal autophagy may have additional physiological roles other than amino acid recycling. In this review, we focus on the characteristics and regulatory factors of neuronal autophagy. We also describe intracellular selective autophagy in neurons and its association with neurodegenerative diseases.