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Dhumal, Nilesh R.,Kiefer, Johannes,Turton, David,Wynne, Klaas,Kim, Hyung J. American Chemical Society 2017 The journal of physical chemistry. B, Condensed ma Vol.121 No.18
<P>Dielectric relaxation of the ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate (EMI+ETS-), is studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The collective dynamics of polarization arising from cations and anions are examined. Characteristics of the rovibrational and translational components of polarization dynamics are analyzed to under-stand their respective roles in the microwave and teraliertz regions of dielectric relaxation. The MD results are compared with the: experimental low-frequency spectrum of EMI+ETS-,obtained via ultrafast optical Kerr effect (OKE), measurements.</P>
Riahi, K.,Kriegler, E.,Johnson, N.,Bertram, C.,den Elzen, M.,Eom, J.,Schaeffer, M.,Edmonds, J.,Isaac, M.,Krey, V.,Longden, T.,Luderer, G.,Mejean, A.,McCollum, D.L.,Mima, S.,Turton, H.,van Vuuren, D.P. American Elsevier 2015 TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE Vol.90 No.1
This paper provides an overview of the AMPERE modeling comparison project with focus on the implications of near-term policies for the costs and attainability of long-term climate objectives. Nine modeling teams participated in the project to explore the consequences of global emissions following the proposed policy stringency of the national pledges from the Copenhagen Accord and Cancun Agreements to 2030. Specific features compared to earlier assessments are the explicit consideration of near-term 2030 emission targets as well as the systematic sensitivity analysis for the availability and potential of mitigation technologies. Our estimates show that a 2030 mitigation effort comparable to the pledges would result in a further ''lock-in'' of the energy system into fossil fuels and thus impede the required energy transformation to reach low greenhouse-gas stabilization levels (450ppm CO<SUB>2</SUB>e). Major implications include significant increases in mitigation costs, increased risk that low stabilization targets become unattainable, and reduced chances of staying below the proposed temperature change target of 2<SUP>o</SUP>C in case of overshoot. With respect to technologies, we find that following the pledge pathways to 2030 would narrow policy choices, and increases the risks that some currently optional technologies, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) or the large-scale deployment of bioenergy, will become ''a must'' by 2030.