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( Nguyen Phuong Vi Truong ),( Rubee Koju Shrestha ),( Tae Hyun Kim ) 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.53 No.6
A two-step process was investigated for pretreatment and fractionation of rice straw. The two-step fractionation process involves first, soaking rice straw in aqueous ammonia (SAA) in a batch reactor to recover lignin-rich hydrolysate. This is followed by a second-step treatment in a fixed-bed flow-through column reactor to recover xylooligomer-rich hydrolysate. The remaining glucan-rich solid cake is then subjected to an enzymatic process. In the first variant, SAA treatment in the first step dissolves lignin at moderate temperature (60 and 80 oC), while in the second step, hot-water treatment is used for xylan removal at higher temperatures (150~210 oC). Under optimal conditions (190 oC reaction temperature, 30 min reaction time, 5.0 ml/min flow rate, and 2.3 MPa reaction pressure), the SAA-hot-water fractionation removed 79.2% of the lignin and 63.4% of the xylan. In the second variant, SAA was followed by treatment with dilute sulfuric acid. With this process, optimal treatment conditions for effective fractionation of xylo-oligomer were found to be 80 oC, 12 h reaction time, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:12 in the first step; and 5.0 ml H2SO4/min, 170 oC, and 2.3 MPa in the second step. After this two-step fractionation process, 85.4% lignin removal and 78.9% xylan removal (26.8% xylan recovery) were achieved. Use of the optimized second variant of the two-step fractionation process (SAA and H2SO4) resulted in enhanced enzymatic digestibility of the treated solid (99% glucan digestibility) with 15 FPU (filter paper unit) of CTec2 (cellulase)/g-glucan of enzyme loading, which was higher than 92% in the twostep fractionation process (SAA and hot-water).
안승현,Truong Vi Nguyen-Phuong,Kim Beomsoo,Yoo Miri,Lim Yoongho,Cho Somi Kim,Koh Dongsoo 한국응용생명화학회 2022 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.65 No.2
Chalcones compounds have been investigated to exhibit anticancer activity through various physiological modes of action. In order to develop chalcone compounds with novel anticancer-related modes of action, diverse chalcone compounds were designed and synthesized. Variously substituted poly-methoxy chalcone compounds 1 – 17 were prepared, and their structures were identified using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. Long-term survival clonogenic assay was applied to evaluate their anti-cancer abilities and revealed that their GI50 values ranged between 1.33 and 172.20 μM. When MCF-7SC cells were treated with various concentrations of compound 14 , reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis in MCF-7SC cells were observed in a dose-dependent manner. Wound healing assay demonstrated that compound 14 prevented the MCF7-SC migrated cells at non-lethal concentrations after 12 and 24 h of exposure. The efficiency of compound 14 on the levels of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was accessed by the western blot analysis. For the concrete understanding of anticancer properties at the molecular level, in vitro kinase assays on 12 cancer related proteins were carried out. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) was most effectively inhibited by compound 14 with 89% inhibitory activity at 10 µM against GSK3β. The binding mode of compound 14 with GSK3β was reinforced through in silico experiments, which demonstrated compound 14 binds with GSK3β at binding affinity ranged between − 7.5 kcal/mol and − 6.8 kcal/mol. SwissADME analysis provided the druggability and leadlikeness of compound 14 , which unveiled drug development possibilities of chalcone compound 14 .