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김부근,Buhan Song,조현구,Trevor Williams,Carlota Escutia 한국지질과학협의회 2017 Geosciences Journal Vol.21 No.1
On the basis of the variations of sediment properties such as biogenic opal, grain size, natural gamma radiation (NGR), and clay mineralogy, we differentiate two types of late Neogene marine sediments that record paleoclimate changes associated with the growth and retreat of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) and associated changes in sea ice cover. The first type of sediments are massive muds characterized by high biogenic opal (30~55%), low NGR (15~30 counts per second (cps)), large mean grain size (>8.3 μm), and low smectite/(illite + chlorite) [S/(I + C)] ratios (<~0.2). We interpret these sediments as the result from deposition by hemipelagic sedimentation during interglacial conditions. In contrast, the second type of sediments are laminated muds characterized by low biogenic opal (5~7%), high NGR (45~67 cps), small mean grain size (<6.3 μm), and high S/(I + C) ratios (>~0.2). We interpret these sediments as the result from deposition by either turbiditic or contouritic processes during glacial conditions. All these sediment properties indicate that the Wilkes Land continental rise recorded late Neogene paleoclimatic changes in terms of surface water productivity, sediment provenance and transport pathway, and depositional processes that are related to the growth and retreat of EAIS. In addition, the decreased maxima of biogenic opal content at Hole U1359A highlights the temporal climatic change between the late Pliocene (~2.0 Ma to ~3.7 Ma) and the early Pliocene to late Miocene (~3.7 Ma to ~6.3 Ma), confirming the important role of sea ice to the surface water productivity associated with the global cooling trend in the East Antarctica.
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Andrea Sotomayor,Antonio Gonzáles,Kang Jin Cho,Alicia Villavicencio,Trevor Jackson,William Viera 한국국제농업개발학회 2019 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.31 No.1
아보카도는 에콰도르에서 경제적으로 중요한 과수이다. 건강한 종묘 생산은 아보카도 식물의 생산에서 중요한 단계이며 유익한 미생물의 처리는 식물체의 영양을 향상 시키는데 사용 될 수 있다. 아보카도 묘목에 처리한 미생물의 효과를 검정한 결과, 묘목의 뿌리부분과 지상부의 양분 흡수를 증가시켰다. T. harzianum은 뿌리에서 N과 Mg의 흡수를 유의적으로 증가시켰으며, 지상부에서는 N, Ca, Mg, Mn 및 Cu의 흡수를 증가시켰다. 반면에, G. iranicum var tenuihypharum은 뿌리에서 Ca와 Fe의 흡수를 유의적으로 증가시켰으며, 지상부에서는 N흡수를 증가시켰다. 또한, mycorrhiza의 접종으로 아보카도 묘목의 뿌리 부분과 지상부에서 P 양을 증가시키는 경향이 긍정적으로 나타났다. 두 미생물 모두 S의 흡수에 영향을 미치지 않았는데, 이는 식물 전체에서 균일한 비율을 나타냈다. 또한 인산질 비료(일인산 칼륨)의 시용은 미량 영양소의 흡수에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. Avocado is a fruit crop of high economic importance for Ecuador, both locally and for exportation. Fuerte and Hass varieties are cultivated, both of which are grafted onto rootstocks from the cultivar Criollo. The growth of rootstocks in the nursery is a critical stage in the production of avocado plants, and application of beneficial microorganisms could be used to improve plant nutrition and growth of the rootstocks. In this research, the effect of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum or Glomus iranicum var. tenuihypharum on avocado rootstock seedlings (cultivar Criollo) was evaluated. Application of T. harzianum significantly increased the absorption of N5+ and Mg2+ in the roots; while in the aerial parts (leaves and stem), it increased the absorption of N5+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+ and Cu2+. On the other hand, G. iranicum var. tenuihypharum significantly increased the absorption of Ca2+ and Fe3+ in the root; but no major effect was observed in the aerial part. However, a positive tendency toward an increase in the amount of P5+ was observed in the root; while in the aerial part this trend was observed for N3- and Ca2+ absorption. Neither of the two microorganisms influenced the absorption of S4+, an element that was present at stable levels in the whole plant. In conclusion, the applied microorganisms produced an increase in absorption of several macro and micronutrient in Criollo avocado rootstock seedlings.
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