Suppressive Effect of Pioglitazone, a PPAR Gamma Ligand, on Azoxymethane-induced Colon Aberrant Crypt Foci in KK-A^у Mice

Ueno, Toshiya,Teraoka, Naoya,Takasu, Shinji,Nakano, Katsuya,Takahashi, Mami,Yamamoto, Masafumi,Fujii, Gen,Komiya, Masami,Yanaka, Akinori,Wakabayashi, Keiji,Mutoh, Michihiro Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8

Obesity is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer. Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor$receptor{\gamma}$ ($PPAR{\gamma}$) agonist that induces differentiation in adipocytes and induces growth arrest and/or apoptosis in vitro in several cancer cell lines. In the present study, we investigated the effect of pioglitazone on the development of azoxymethane-induced colon aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in KK-$A^{\mathcal{Y}}$ obesity and diabetes model mice, and tried to clarify mechanisms by which the $PPAR{\gamma}$ ligand inhibits ACF development. Administration of 800 ppm pioglitazone reduced the number of colon ACF/mouse to 30% of those in untreated mice and improved hypertrophic changes of adipocytes in KK-$A^{\mathcal{Y}}$ mice with significant reduction of serum triglyceride and insulin levels. Moreover, mRNA levels of adipocytokines, such as leptin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, in the visceral fat were decreased. PCNA immunohistochemistry revealed that pioglitazone treatment suppressed cell proliferation in the colorectal epithelium with elevation of p27 and p53 gene expression. These results suggest that pioglitazone prevented obesity-associated colon carcinogenesis through improvement of dysregulated adipocytokine levels and high serum levels of triglyceride and insulin, and increase of p27 and p53 mRNA levels in the colorectal mucosa. These data indicate that pioglitazone warrants attention as a potential chemopreventive agent against obesity-associated colorectal cancer.

Electroluminescence from n-Zn(Mg,Cd)O/ p-4H-SiC:Al Heterojunctions

Kenji Yamamoto,Toshiya Ohashi,Atsushi Nakamura,Temmyo Jiro 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.5

Electroluminescence (EL) from n-Mg0:18Zn0:82O/ n-Zn(Mg,Cd)O/ p-4H-SiC:Al heterojunction diodes fabricated by using remote-plasma-enhanced metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition was measured to investigate some recombination processes of hole injection by changing the bandgap of n-Zn(Mg,Cd)O. EL emissions from the heterojunction utilizing n-Zn1-xCdxO (x > 0.07) were observed to coincide with the photoluminescence (PL) emission energy of the corresponding alloy content due to hole injection from the p-4H-SiC:Al to the n-Zn1-xCdxO layer in the type-I het-erojunctions. However, broad EL emissions from the type-II heterojunctions utilizing n-ZnO and n-Mg0:12Zn0:88O were observed at around 2.8 eV. These broad ELs were caused by the recombination of carriers in p-4H-SiC:Al due to electron injection from n-Zn(Mg,Cd)O to p-4H-SiC:Al and by the recombination of spatially separated carriers at the heterointerface.

심해 자율무인잠수정 우라시마의 잠항시험에서 취득된 북 구마노 분지 해저 선상지 시스템의 음향 영상

( Takafumi Kasaya ),( Toshiya Kanamatsu ),( Takao Sawa ),( Masataka Kinosita ),( Satoshi Tukioka ),( Fujio Yamamoto ) 한국지구물리·물리탐사학회 2011 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.14 No.1

자율무인잠수정은 해수면탐사선에 비해 해저면에 더 가까이 접근할 수 있는 장점을 제공한다. 수심자료, 해저면 물질 정보와 해저면 하부 영상을 얻기 위해서는 자율무인잠수정에 탑재된 다중빔음향측심기, 해저면영상탐사기 및 천부지층탐사기 등이 유용하게 사용된다. 일본해양연구개발기구는 3000m급 자율무인잠수정 우라시마를 개발하였다. 잠수정의 전력공급용 연료전지시스템의 공학적 개발과 시험과정을 거쳐 우라시마에는 신형 리튬이온전지 시스템이 설치되었다. 잠수정은 초기 공학적인 업무에서 과학적 사용 목적으로 개량되었다. 다양한 과학장비들이 추가되었고 2006년부터 과학적인 목적의 임무수행을 위한 잠항시험이 수행되었다. 2007년 시험운항에서 일본 기이반도 해역 북 구마노분지 부근에서 우라시마의 해저면영상탐사기와 천부지층탐사기를 이용하여 고해상 음향영상자료를 획득하였다. 후방산란강도 도면에서는 많은 암설류가 확인되었고, 천부지층탐사단면에서 연구해역의 북동쪽 끝 부근의 하부구조가 확인되었다. 이러한 특징은 최신 선상지의 형성과 관련된 구조를 암시한다. 그러나 남서 해역에서는 해저면 하부 ~20 ms 부근에서 강한 반사층이 존재하는데, 이는 삭박특징으로 해석되며 현재는 더 젊은 해저 퇴적물로 덮여있다. 잠수정의 성능은 지속적으로 향상되고, 우라시마를 활용하여 많은 유용한 결과가 얻어질 것으로 기대된다. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) present the important advantage of being able to approach the seafloor more closely than surface vessel surveys can. To collect bathymetric data, bottom material information, and sub-surface images, multibeam echosounder, sidescan sonar (SSS) and subbottom profiler (SBP) equipment mounted on an AUV are powerful tools. The 3000 m class AUV URASHIMA was developed by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). After finishing the engineering development and examination phase of a fuel-cell system used for the vehicle`s power supply system, a renovated lithium-ion battery power system was installed in URASHIMA. The AUV was redeployed from its prior engineering tasks to scientific use. Various scientific instruments were loaded on the vehicle, and experimental dives for science-oriented missions conducted from 2006. During the experimental cruise of 2007, high-resolution acoustic images were obtained by SSS and SBP on the URASHIMA around the northern Kumano Basin off Japan`s Kii Peninsula. The map of backscatter intensity data revealed many debris objects, and SBP images revealed the subsurface structure around the north-eastern end of our study area. These features suggest a structure related to the formation of the latest submarine fan. However, a strong reflection layer exists below ~20ms below the seafloor in the south-western area, which we interpret as a denudation feature, now covered with younger surface sediments. We continue to improve the vehicle`s performance, and expect that many fruitful results will be obtained using URASHIMA.

Genome Research on Peach and Pear

Hayashi, Tateki,Yamamoto, Toshiya The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2002 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.4 No.2

A lot of SSRs (simple sequence repeats) in peach and pear from enriched genomic libraries and in peach from a cDNA library were developed. These SSRs were applied to other related species, giving phenograms of 52 Prunes and 60 pear accessions. Apple SSRs could also be successfully used in Pyrus spp. Thirteen morphological traits were characterized on the basis of the linkage map obtained from an $F_2$ population of peach. This map was compiled with those morphological markers and 83 DNA markers, including SSR markers used as anchor loci, to compare different peach maps. Molecular markers tightly linked to new root-knot nematode resistance genes were also found. A linkage map including disease related genes, pear scab resistance and black spot susceptibility, in the Japanese pear Kinchaku were constructed using 118 RAPD markers. Another linkage map, of the European pear Bartlett, was also constructed with 226 markers, including 49 SSRs from pear, apple, peach and cherry. Maps of other Japanese pear cultivars, i.e., Kousui and Housui, were also constructed. These maps were the first results of pear species.

Obtaining Apple Plantlets Derived from Haploid Using Anther Culture

Tatsuro Tsukuni,Sadao Komori,Toshiya Yamamoto,Sae Takahashi,Akira Suzuki 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Acoustic images of the submarine fan system of the northern Kumano Basin obtained during the experimental dives of the Deep Sea AUV URASHIMA

Kasaya, Takafumi,Kanamatsu, Toshiya,Sawa, Takao,Kinosita, Masataka,Tukioka, Satoshi,Yamamoto, Fujio Korean Society of Earth and Exploration Geophysici 2011 지구물리와 물리탐사 Vol.14 No.1

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) present the important advantage of being able to approach the seafloor more closely than surface vessel surveys can. To collect bathymetric data, bottom material information, and sub-surface images, multibeam echosounder, sidescan sonar (SSS) and subbottom profiler (SBP) equipment mounted on an AUV are powerful tools. The 3000m class AUV URASHIMA was developed by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC). After finishing the engineering development and examination phase of a fuel-cell system used for the vehicle's power supply system, a renovated lithium-ion battery power system was installed in URASHIMA. The AUV was redeployed from its prior engineering tasks to scientific use. Various scientific instruments were loaded on the vehicle, and experimental dives for science-oriented missions conducted from 2006. During the experimental cruise of 2007, high-resolution acoustic images were obtained by SSS and SBP on the URASHIMA around the northern Kumano Basin off Japan's Kii Peninsula. The map of backscatter intensity data revealed many debris objects, and SBP images revealed the subsurface structure around the north-eastern end of our study area. These features suggest a structure related to the formation of the latest submarine fan. However, a strong reflection layer exists below ~20 ms below the seafloor in the south-western area, which we interpret as a denudation feature, now covered with younger surface sediments. We continue to improve the vehicle's performance, and expect that many fruitful results will be obtained using URASHIMA.

Application of SSR DNA Markers for the Identification of Sweet Cherry Cultivars

Tadashi Takashina,Narumi Matsuda,Tetsuya Kimura,Toshiya Yamamoto 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Fabrication and EL Emission of ZnO-Based Heterojunction Light-Emitting Devices

Sandip Gangil,Atsushi Nakamura,Kenji Yamamoto,Toshiya Ohashi,Jiro Temmyo 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.53 No.1

Nitrogen-doped p-type MgZnO films were successfully realized on a-plane sapphire substrates and were used in an n-MgyZn1-yO/n-Zn1-xCdxO/p-MgyZn1-yO:N/p-SiC heterojunction structure to act as barrier layer leading to sharpening of the electroluminescence (EL) in terms of reducing the full width at half maximum (FWHM). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the c-axis-oriented nitrogen-doped MgZnO film confirmed the presence of Mg2+ at 49.8 eV in Mg (2p region) in the ZnO:N lattice, replacing Zn2+. Zn-N formations were clearly visible in the Zn (2p3=2) region and the signal for nitrogen-replacing oxygen (NO) emerged at 396.9 eV. With respect to ZnO:N polar films (n-type in as-grown conditions), as-grown polar MgZnO:N films had the upper hand by holding a p-type nature due to Mg incorporation ascribed to the formation of Mg- related (interactions of Mg with N) tri-atomic acceptor-donor-acceptor-configured p-type supportive complexes. The nitride formations were noticeable in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra. The formation of complexes and their effects are discussed in this paper. Nitrogen-doped p-type MgZnO films were successfully realized on a-plane sapphire substrates and were used in an n-MgyZn1-yO/n-Zn1-xCdxO/p-MgyZn1-yO:N/p-SiC heterojunction structure to act as barrier layer leading to sharpening of the electroluminescence (EL) in terms of reducing the full width at half maximum (FWHM). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the c-axis-oriented nitrogen-doped MgZnO film confirmed the presence of Mg2+ at 49.8 eV in Mg (2p region) in the ZnO:N lattice, replacing Zn2+. Zn-N formations were clearly visible in the Zn (2p3=2) region and the signal for nitrogen-replacing oxygen (NO) emerged at 396.9 eV. With respect to ZnO:N polar films (n-type in as-grown conditions), as-grown polar MgZnO:N films had the upper hand by holding a p-type nature due to Mg incorporation ascribed to the formation of Mg- related (interactions of Mg with N) tri-atomic acceptor-donor-acceptor-configured p-type supportive complexes. The nitride formations were noticeable in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra. The formation of complexes and their effects are discussed in this paper.

Genetic Connection between Some Persian and Far East Germplasms of Pyrus Assessed by SSR Markers

M. Mehdi Sharifani,Chikako Nishtani,T. Kimura,Vahid Erfani,Mehdi Shahsavand,Toshiya Yamamoto 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Identification and characterization of S-RNase genes in apple rootstock and the diversity of S-RNases in Malus species

김회택,Shigeki Moriya,Kazuma Okada,Kazuyuki Abe,박종인,Toshiya Yamamoto,노일섭 한국식물생명공학회 2016 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.43 No.1

We isolated and confirmed two S-RNases, denoted as mpS1 and mpS2, from apple rootstock ‘Marubakaido’ (Malus prunifolia Borkh. Var. ringo Asami). These S-RNases contained and conserved five cysteine residues and two histidine residues, which are essential for RNase activity. The mpS1 showed high similarity to S5 (99.1%) of Malus spectabilis, whereas the mpS2 showed 99.5% nucleotide sequence similarity to S26 of (Malus × domestica) and 99.6% to S35 of (Malus sieversii) when compared with reported S-RNases. In amino acid sequences, the mpS1-RNase was almost similar to the S5-RNase of Malus spectabilis, and the mpS2-RNase was similar to the S35 of Malus sieversii, with only one bp being different from the S26-RNase of Malus × domestica. The 57 S-RNases of Malus species were renamed and rearranged containing the new S-RNases, as mprpS35 (mpS2) and mprpS57 (mpS1), for determining S-genotypes and identifying new alleles from apple species (Malus spp.).