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Ei Shigenori,Takahashi Shinichiro,Ogasawara Toshihito,Mashiko Taro,Masuoka Yoshihito,Nakagohri Toshio 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2023 Gut and Liver Vol.17 No.5
Resection is the only curative treatment for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although the outcome of technically resectable PDAC has improved with advances in surgery and adjuvant therapy, the 5-year survival rate remains low at 20% to 40%. More effective therapy is needed. Almost 15 years ago, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines proposed a resectability classification of PDAC based on preoperative imaging. Since then, treatment strategies for PDAC have been devised based on resectability. The standard of care for resectable PDAC is adjuvant chemotherapy after R0 resection, as shown by the results of pivotal clinical trials. With regard to neoadjuvant treatment, several recent clinical trials comparing neoadjuvant treatment with upfront resection have been conducted on resectable PDAC and borderline resectable PDAC, and the benefits and efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment for pancreatic cancer has become clearer. The significance of neoadjuvant treatment for resectable PDAC remains controversial, but in borderline resectable PDAC the efficacy of neoadjuvant treatment has been further recognised, although the standard of care has not yet been established. Several promising clinical trials for PDAC are ongoing. This review presents previous and ongoing trials of perioperative treatment for resectable and borderline resectable PDAC, focusing on the difference between Asian and Western countries.
Color Features of the Waterscape Drawing and Drawer’s Mental Image of the Water
Riko Miyake,Shin’ya Takahashi,Toshio Mori 한국색채학회 2017 AIC 2017 Jeju Vol.2017 No.10
Following Miyake, Takahashi, and Mori (2016), relationship between image features of the waterscape drawing and drawer’s personality was investigated. A hundred and thirty-two university students drew a picture per an instruction ‘please draw freely a scene with water.’ They also answered the semantic differential scales asking his/her mental image of the water. Pictures were scanned into digital image, and the color feature indices (Ave-L*, Ave-C*, Ave-h, and Hue-ENT) were calculated for the full image (whole picture) and for the water image (only water-depicted area). Mental image data was subjected to a factor analysis and four factors were obtained; purity, capacity, vitality, and violence. Then the correlation analysis between the mental image of the water and the color feature indices was conducted. As the results, in male participants, positive correlation was found between vitality and Hue-ENT of both the full image and the water image. Also, capacity correlated negatively with Ave-L* of the full image, suggesting that males who have a kind of ‘maternal image’ toward the water tended to draw dark picture. In female participants, vitality correlated positively with Ave-L* of the full image, suggesting that females who think water joyful and alive tended to draw light picture, or remain white face of the paper uncolored. These results were discussed in light of possible sex difference of the mental image of the water.
Application of C-band polarimetric radar on rainfall-type classification
Yukari Shusse,Nobuhiro Takahashi,Katsuhiro Nakagawa,Shinsuke Satoh,Toshio Iguchi 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
The rainfall-type classification method which gives a judgment of the presence of the melting layer in addition to a conventional convective-stratiform classification was developed using a C-band polarimetric radar. The convective-stratiform separation was conducted based on the horizontal Zhh field. The melting layer was detected using the vertical profile of phv. Four rainfall types are identified by a combination of these two classifications: 1) convective rainfall with melting layer, 2) convective rainfall with no melting layer, 3) stratiform rainfall with melting layer, and 4) stratiform rainfall with no melting layer.
Togashi Kenji,Adachi Kazunori,Kurogi Kazuhito,Yasumori Takanori,Watanabe Toshio,Toda Shohei,Matsubara Satoshi,Hirohama Kiyohide,Takahashi Tsutomu,Matsuo Shoichi 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.6
Objective: A formula is needed that is practical for current livestock breeding methods and that predicts the approximate rate of inbreeding (ΔF) in populations where selection is performed according to four-path programs (sires to breed sons, sires to breed daughters, dams to breed sons, and dams to breed daughters). The formula widely used to predict inbreeding neglects selection, we need to develop a new formula that can be applied with or without selection. Methods: The core of the prediction is to incorporate the long-tern genetic influence of the selected parents in four-selection paths executed as sires to breed sons, sires to breed daughters, dams to breed sons, and dams to breed daughters. The rate of inbreeding was computed as the magnitude that is proportional to the sum of squared long-term genetic contributions of the parents of four-selection paths to the selected offspring. Results: We developed a formula to predict the rate of inbreeding in populations undergoing four-path selection on genomically enhanced breeding values and with discrete generations. The new formula can be applied with or without selection. Neglecting the effects of selection led to underestimation of the rate of inbreeding by 40% to 45%. Conclusion: The formula we developed here would be highly useful as a practical method for predicting the approximate rate of inbreeding (ΔF) in populations where selection is performed according to four-path programs. Objective: A formula is needed that is practical for current livestock breeding methods and that predicts the approximate rate of inbreeding (∆F) in populations where selection is performed according to four-path programs (sires to breed sons, sires to breed daughters, dams to breed sons, and dams to breed daughters). The formula widely used to predict inbreeding neglects selection, we need to develop a new formula that can be applied with or without selection.Methods: The core of the prediction is to incorporate the long-tern genetic influence of the selected parents in four-selection paths executed as sires to breed sons, sires to breed daughters, dams to breed sons, and dams to breed daughters. The rate of inbreeding was computed as the magnitude that is proportional to the sum of squared long-term genetic contributions of the parents of four-selection paths to the selected offspring.Results: We developed a formula to predict the rate of inbreeding in populations undergoing four-path selection on genomically enhanced breeding values and with discrete generations. The new formula can be applied with or without selection. Neglecting the effects of selection led to underestimation of the rate of inbreeding by 40% to 45%.Conclusion: The formula we developed here would be highly useful as a practical method for predicting the approximate rate of inbreeding (ΔF) in populations where selection is performed according to four-path programs.
Productivity and Quality of Mulberry Leaves under Cattle Grazing in a Wasted Mulberry Plantation
Shin-ichiro Ogura,Shusuke Sato,Shigefumi Tanaka,Shin Matsumoto,Kunihiro Abe,Toshio Shimizu,Yoshihiro Takahashi,Hiroshi Yoshida 한국초지조사료학회 2009 한국초지조사료학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2009 No.08
Mulberry (Morus sp.) plantations have been deteriorating in Japan due to decline of silk industry. In mountainous areas, large part of the mulberry plantations has been wasted. Cattle grazing in the wasted mulberry plantations is a practical system to reuse the wasted areas for food production, because mulberry leaves are highly nutritive (Ezenwa and Kitahara, 2001), productive (Kitahara et al., 2002) and palatable to cattle (Ogura et al., 2008). In this study, the productivity and quality of mulberry leaves were investigated for 3 years in a wasted mulberry plantation grazed with beef cows, in Minamisanriku town, Miyagi, Japan. Cattle grazing started in September 2005 (paddock A, 44 a) and June 2006 (paddock B, 96 a). For each paddock, two pregnant cows were grazed from June to August-October in 2006-2008. In the paddocks A and B, four mulberry trees were chosen and the leaf mass and chemical composition were measured in mid-June and late August (pre-grazing leaf mass) during 2006-2008. A non-grazed paddock was also measured in 2007-2008. Leaf productivity of mulberry trees significantly decreased with cattle grazing; pre-grazing leaf mass changed from 246.8 g to 10.4 g DM/tree and 286.2 g to 17.6 g DM/tree in the paddock A and B, respectively (Fig 1). In contrast, 149.2-365.1 g DM/tree of leaves was produced in the non-grazed paddock. Chemical composition was stable during the three years in all paddocks. It is concluded that cattle grazing gives severe damage to leaf production of mulberry trees in three years.