Comparison of Point Placement by Veterinary Professionals with Different Levels of Acupuncture Training in a Canine Cadaver Model

Toni Yang,Justin Shmalberg,Lindsay Hochman,Erin Miscioscia,Meghan Brumby,Kelsey McKenna,Amber Roth 사단법인약침학회 2017 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.10 No.5

Veterinary acupuncture is becoming increasingly implemented for various disease processes, with growing numbers of veterinarians pursuing advanced training to meet the rising demand for this relatively new intervention. Accurate acupoint placement remains challenging, with individual practitioners relying on varying methods of point identification, often compounded by the transpositional nature of points for companion animals. The aim of this study was to assess for differences in acupuncture needle placement of select points between veterinary professionals with three different levels of acupuncture training in an academic teaching environment. Seven participants placed a total of six acupoints on a canine cadaver. Digital radiography was used to document each participant’s point placement. Each participant’s point location was then compared to a control “correct” point, and the distance between the two points was measured. A significant difference in placement accuracy was identified between the participants when grouped by training level (p Z 0.03). These results indicate that veterinary patients receiving acupuncture treatment from veterinarians with different levels of training may subsequently experience varying effects, although further studies are warranted on more specific acupoint description as well as the clinical implications of needle placement accuracy.

A RESEARCH ON THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG SUSTAINABLE MARKETING, CUSTOMER EQUITY DRIVERS AND CLV

Yang Sun,Kyung Hoon Kim,Tony C. Garrett 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2016 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2016 No.7

Understanding the types and dynamics of drivers on customer equity has been the subject of marketers’ attention for decades, however it is only recently been suggested that cultural or national contexts play a role in this understanding. Much of this research has been centered on the differences between the West and the Asia with many differences being found. Confucianism is often used to explain these differences. This comes as no surprise as Confucianism is argued to be the dominant cultural philosophy, or mode of thought, influencing East Asian individuals’ and entities’ roles in society and with each other. The philosophy has spread from its foundation in China to influence many other key societies in East Asia, such as Korea, Vietnam, and Japan. The general assumption in most of the literature is Confucianism will act similarly in every society it has spread to, but is this the case? What is not understood, therefore, is if the influence of Confucianism is equal among different East Asian societies? This exploratory study therefore seeks to contribute to knowledge by identifying if Confucianism is an influential force on customer equity drivers? And if so, are there differences between East Asian societies? Given the growing economic clout and importance of East Asia and the rising East Asian diaspora, marketer’s adherence and understanding of Confucian principles may be key to their success of managing their customer relationships, underscoring one of their key assets, their customer equity. With most cross-national research taking an umbrella view of the role of Confucianism as an explanatory variable on the behaviors of East Asian consumers, such as the Chinese and South Koreans (e.g. Bond, 1996; Hofstede, 1980), they are ignoring the behavioral and attitudinal variations that exist between East Asian Societies (e.g. Kim & Leung, 2007; Zhang et al., 2013). There is debate suggesting that Confucianism is having less effect now due to globalization, digitalization and capitalism (Leidner, 2010) potentially creating new hybrid value systems (Ralston, 2008). In China, arguments suggest Confucian influence is lessening due to the systemic philosophical changes in the nation’s society over the twentieth century, with the move from traditional Confucius philosophy to Maoism to socialist capitalism (Chiu 2002, Whitcomb et al., 1998). Other East Asian societies however may have moved away from Confucianism much quicker than China, due to their much earlier global exposure than China’s open door globalization policy in the late 1970s. In spite of this, there is wide agreement that Confucianism remains a strong influence in both China (e.g., Zhao & Roper, 2011) and other East Asian societies,such as Korea (Sung & Tinkham, 2005; Lee et al, 2009). The nexus of our paper therefore is that Confucianism does still have an influential role, but what this role is, and how this role differs between societies should be explored. In its purest form, Confucianism is composed of five constant virtues (e.g. Zhang et al., 2005): Benevolence: kind, sympathetic, compassionate, tolerant and respectful of others; Righteousness: the power to protect justice and goodness; Propriety: following societal regulations and laws; Wisdom: having good knowledge, intelligence and systems to provide excellence; and Trustworthiness: fulfillment of promises. Although the foundations of Confucianism goes back millennia, the use of the virtues to guide commercial operations stems from the Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644). How adherence to each of the virtues by modern marketing organizations influences their relationships with the modern customer however, has not been explored fully. We argue that each of the virtues will have a positive effect on the key customer equity drivers; value equity, brand equity and relationship equity (Lemon et al., 2001; Rust et al., 2004), and thereon customer lifetime value. Using a sample of young Chinese and Korean consumers, the Confucian five constant virtues, benevolence, righteousness, propriety, trustworthiness and wisdom are measured and their relationships explored on the three dominant drivers of customer equity; value equity, brand equity and relationship equity. The results show that the benevolence, righteousness and wisdom virtues have significant positive relationships on the three drivers. Trustworthiness and propriety virtues however have negative significant relationships. Chinese and South Korean results are then compared. The results show that the Confucianism constant virtues drive different customer equity drivers in these two societies. The five constant virtues have stronger effects for young Chinese customers than their Korean counterparts. The equity drivers of CLV also vary, with brand equity significant in the Chinese sample and value equity significant in the Korean sample. Additionally, some significant paths to the equity drivers differ between Korea and China. Benevolence has a significant negative effect on value and relationship equity drivers (opposite to China) and righteousness a significant effect on value equity (not observed in China). These results support our proposition that a national effect on the manner and influence of the Confucian drivers may vary by society.

INFLUENCING FACTORS OF CUSTOMER EQUITY: IMPLICATIONS IN SUSTAINABLE MARKETING

Yang Sun,Tony C. Garrett,Eunju Ko,Kyung Hoon Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2015 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2015 No.06

There are amount of researches study about corporate competition sustainability, find the way to survive in the competition. But sustainable development has been launched for many years. Sustainable marketing aims to balance among economic, environmental, and social goals. Marketing methods of one company should be innovated with fast development. Marketing practitioners and researchers should follow the idea to sustainable marketing base on the hot issue of sustainable issue. Because sustainable marketing can increase firms’ profit and improve the environment such as nature environment and society. Customer equity is the sum of customer lifetime value, comes from value creation based on profits, costs, cash flow, customers, and customer relationships. Customer equity has been defined as value of future profits that might be acquired from customers, excluding corporate costs (Berger & Nasr, 1998), as profits created when companies allocate resources appropriately to acquire and retain customers (Blattberg & Deighton, 1996), and as the sum of all customers’ discounted lifetime value (Lemon et al., 2001). In this research studied the relationship between sustainable marketing and customer equity. Customer equity has been the key for companies’ sustainable competitive advantage. The company can make proper marketing strategy with customer equity which can both satisfy consumers and make a profit for the company (Lemon et al., 2001). Also test customer attitude to sustainable marketing in different culture. Based on the results this study gave both academy and practice implications.

CD160 is essential for NK-mediated IFN-γ production

Tu, Tony C.,Brown, Nicholas K.,Kim, Tae-Jin,Wroblewska, Joanna,Yang, Xuanming,Guo, Xiaohuan,Lee, Seoyun Hyunji,Kumar, Vinay,Lee, Kyung-Mi,Fu, Yang-Xin The Rockefeller University Press 2015 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.212 No.3

<P>NK-derived cytokines play important roles for natural killer (NK) function, but how the cytokines are regulated is poorly understood. CD160 is expressed on activated NK or T cells in humans but its function is unknown. We generated CD160-deficient mice to probe its function. Although CD160<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice showed no abnormalities in lymphocyte development, the control of NK-sensitive tumors was severely compromised in CD160<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Surprisingly, the cytotoxicity of NK cells was not impaired, but interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion by NK cells was markedly reduced in CD160<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Functionally targeting CD160 signaling with a soluble CD160-Ig also impaired tumor control and IFN-γ production, suggesting an active role of CD160 signaling. Using reciprocal bone marrow transfer and cell culture, we have identified the intrinsic role of CD160 on NK cells, as well as its receptor on non-NK cells, for regulating cytokine production. To demonstrate sufficiency of the CD160<SUP>+</SUP> NK cell subset in controlling NK-dependent tumor growth, intratumoral transfer of the CD160<SUP>+</SUP> NK fraction led to tumor regression in CD160<SUP>−/−</SUP> tumor-bearing mice, indicating demonstrable therapeutic potential for controlling early tumors. Therefore, CD160 is not only an important biomarker but also functionally controls cytokine production by NK cells.</P>

단조 다각형의 옵셋을 구하는 선형 시간 알고리즘 (pp.416-422)

양태천(Tae-Cheon Yang),신성용(Sung Yong Shin),좌경룡(Kyung-Yong Chwa),Tony C. Woo(Tony C. Woo) 한국정보과학회 1995 정보과학회논문지 Vol.22 No.3

A linear time algorithm is presented that computes the offset of a monotone polygon. The envelope of a monotone chain is first computed by using the notion of the rolling disc. The offset of an envelope can then be computed in linear time from the envelope. Finally, the offset of a monotone polygon can be constructed in linear time by merging the offsets of the two monotone chains. 옵셋을 구하는 문제는 NC기계에서의 도구경로 생성 및 로봇의 경로 계획, VLSI설계 등 많은 곳에 응용된다. 옵셋을 구하고자하는 모양의 형태에 따라 여러 가지 알고리즘들이 있다. 본 논문에서는 단조 다각형의 옵셋을 구하는 문제를 다루었다. 먼저 단조체인의 envelope을 정의하고 이를 구하는 선형시간 알고리즘과, 이를 이용하여 단조체인의 옵셋을 구하는 방법을 제시하였다. 두개의 단조체인으로 이루어져있는 단조 다각형의 옵셋을 이들 두 단조체인의 합병(merge)에 의해 구하는 선형시간 알고리즘을 제시하였다.

단조 다각형의 옵셋을 구하는 선형시간 알고리즘 (pp.799-802)

양태천(Tae-Cheon Yang),신성용(Sung Yong Shin),좌경룡(Kyong-Yong Chwa),Tony C. Woo(Tony C. Woo) 한국정보과학회 1994 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.21 No.1

옵셋을 구하는 문제는 NC기계에서의 도구경로 생성 및 로봇의 경로 계획, VLSI 설계 등 많은 곳에 응용된다. 옵셋을 구하고자하는 모양의 형태에 따라 여러가지 알고리즘들이 있다. 본 논문에서는 단조 다각형의 옵셋을 구하는 문제를 다루었다. 먼저 단조체인이 envelop을 정의하고 이를 구하는 선형시간을 알고리즘과, 이를 이용하여 단조체인의 옵셋을 구하는 방법을 제시하였다. 두개의 단조체인으로 이루어져있는 단조 다각형의 옵셋을 이들 두 단조체인의 합병(merge)하여 구하는 선형시간 알고리즘을 제시하였다.

Interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 1‐mediated EGFR/SOX2 signaling axis is essential for progression of non‐small cell lung cancer

Yang, Ying‐,Gui,Koh, Young Wha,Sari, Ita Novita,Jun, Nayoung,Lee, Sanghyun,Phi, Lan Thi Hanh,Kim, Kwang Seock,Wijaya, Yoseph Toni,Lee, Sang Hun,Baek, Moo‐,Jun,Jeong, Dongjun,Kwon, Hyog You Alan R. Liss, Inc 2019 International journal of cancer Vol.144 No.8

<P>Emerging data indicate that interferon‐induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) plays an important role in many cancers. However, it remains unclear whether IFITM1 is functionally indispensable in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, using NSCLC cell lines and patient‐derived samples, we show that IFITM1 is essentially required for the progression of NSCLC <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. Specifically, IFITM1 depletion resulted in a significant reduction in sphere formation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells <I>in vitro</I>; these events were inversely correlated with the ectopic expression of IFITM1. In addition, tumor development was significantly impaired in the absence of IFITM1 <I>in vivo</I>. Mechanistically, epidermal growth factor receptor/sex‐determining region Y‐box 2 (EGFR/SOX2) signaling axis was compromised in the absence of IFITM1, and the ectopic expression of SOX2 partially rescued the defects caused by IFITM1 depletion. More importantly, using 226 patient‐derived samples, we demonstrate that a high level of IFITM1 expression is associated with a poor overall survival (OS) rate in adenocarcinoma but not in squamous cell carcinoma. Collectively, these data suggest that IFITM1 is a poor prognostic marker of adenocarcinoma and an attractive target to develop novel therapeutics for NSCLC.</P>

Phase II study of irinotecan in combination with capecitabine as a first-line chemotherapy in Asian patients with inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma

MOK, Tony,YANG, Tsai-Shen,CHAO, Yee,WANG, Cheng-Hsu,LIU, Mei-Ching,KANG, Yoon Koo,KANG, Won Ki,KIM, Jun Suk,WANG, Yajie,LEUNG, Thomas Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2009 Asia-Pacific journal of clinical oncology Vol.5 No.2

Effects of Explants and Acetosyringone Concentrations on Agrobacterium

Guoqiang Du,Tony H.H. Chen,Lili Yang,Xiaoxin Shi,Baokun Ma 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Heterogeneous Cellular Networks With LoS and NLoS Transmissions—The Role of Massive MIMO and Small Cells

Zhang, Qi,Yang, Howard H.,Quek, Tony Q. S.,Lee, Jemin IEEE 2017 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS Vol.16 No.12

<P>We develop a framework for downlink heterogeneous cellular networks with line-of-sight (LoS) and non-LoS transmissions. Using stochastic geometry, we derive tight approximation of average downlink rate that enables us to compare the performance between densifying small cells and expanding base station (BS) antenna arrays. Interestingly, we find that adding small cells into the network improves the downlink rate much faster than expanding antenna arrays at the macro BS. However, when the small cell density exceeds a critical threshold, the spatial densification will lose its benefits and further impair the network capacity. To this end, we provide the optimal small cell density that maximizes the rate via numerical results for practical deployment guidance. In contrast, expanding macro BS antenna array can always benefit the capacity until an upper bound caused by pilot contamination, and this bound also surpasses the peak rate obtained from the deployment of small cells. Furthermore, we find that allocating part of antennas to distributed small cell BSs works better than centralizing all antennas at the macro BS, and the optimal allocation proportion is also given numerically for practical configuration reference. In summary, this paper provides a further understanding on how to leverage small cells and massive MIMO in future heterogeneous cellular networks deployment.</P>