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Electrically Tunable Soft-Solid Block Copolymer Structural Color
Park, Tae Joon,Hwang, Sun Kak,Park, Sungmin,Cho, Sung Hwan,Park, Tae Hyun,Jeong, Beomjin,Kang, Han Sol,Ryu, Du Yeol,Huh, June,Thomas, Edwin L.,Park, Cheolmin American Chemical Society 2015 ACS NANO Vol.9 No.12
<P>One-dimensional photonic crystals based on the periodic stacking of two different dielectric layers have been widely studied, but the fabrication of mechanically flexible polymer structural color (SC) films, with electro-active color switching, remains challenging. Here, we demonstrate free-standing electric field tunable ionic liquid (IL) swollen block copolymer (BCP) films. Placement of a polymer/ionic liquid film-reservoir adjacent to a self-assembled poly(styrene-<I>block</I>-quaternized 2-vinylpyridine) (PS-<I>b</I>-QP2VP) copolymer SC film allowed the development of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) full-color SC block copolymer films by swelling of the QP2VP domains by the ionic liquid associated with water molecules. The IL–polymer/BCP SC film is mechanically flexible with excellent color stability over several days at ambient conditions. The selective swelling of the QP2VP domains could be controlled by both the ratio of the IL to a polymer in the gel-like IL reservoir layer and by an applied voltage in the range of −3 to +6 V using a metal/IL reservoir/SC film/IL reservoir/metal capacitor type device.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2015/ancac3.2015.9.issue-12/acsnano.5b05234/production/images/medium/nn-2015-052345_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn5b05234'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Tae Wan Kim,Youngjo Kim,Kangho Kim,Jae Jin Lee,Kuech, Thomas,Mawst, Luke James IEEE 2014 IEEE journal of photovoltaics Vol.4 No.3
<P>Dilute-nitride-antimonide materials grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) with bandgap energies of 1.25 eV have been integrated into solar cell structures employing a Ge bottom cell on Ge substrate. Single homo- and heterojunction solar cells employing narrow bandgap GaAsSbN (E-g similar to 1.25 eV) are grown normally lattice-matched on a GaAs substrate, using MOVPE. Homojunction solar cell structures were realized by employing GaAsSbN material with low carbon background concentration and Si doping to form a p/n junction. External quantum efficiency measurements in the range (870 nm-1000 nm) reveal that the efficiency of the homojunction solar cell is significantly improved over that of the heterojunction structure. The GaAsSbN homojunction cell was integrated with a Ge single-junction bottom cell on Ge substrate. Under AM1.5 direct illumination, the fabricated GaAsSbN (1.24 eV)/Ge double-junction solar cell with a 600-nm-thick GaAsSbN base layer exhibits J(sc), V-oc, FF, and efficiency values of 11.59 mA/cm(2), 0.83 V, 72.58%, and 7% with anti-reflection coating (ARC), respectively.</P>
Structural Study of the RIPoptosome Core Reveals a Helical Assembly for Kinase Recruitment
Jang, Tae-ho,Zheng, Chao,Li, Jixi,Richards, Claire,Hsiao, Yu-Shan,Walz, Thomas,Wu, Hao,Park, Hyun Ho American Chemical Society 2014 Biochemistry Vol.53 No.33
<P/><P>Receptor interaction protein kinase 1 (RIP1) is a molecular cell-fate switch. RIP1, together with Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) and caspase-8, forms the RIPoptosome that activates apoptosis. RIP1 also associates with RIP3 to form the necrosome that triggers necroptosis. The RIPoptosome assembles through interactions between the death domains (DDs) of RIP1 and FADD and between death effector domains (DEDs) of FADD and caspase-8. In this study, we analyzed the overall structure of the RIP1 DD/FADD DD complex, the core of the RIPoptosome, by negative-stain electron microscopy and modeling. The results show that RIP1 DD and FADD DD form a stable complex <I>in vitro</I> similar to the previously described Fas DD/FADD DD complex, suggesting that the RIPoptosome and the Fas death-inducing signaling complex share a common assembly mechanism. Both complexes adopt a helical conformation that requires type I, II, and III interactions between the death domains.</P>
All-Liquid Photonic Microcavity Stabilized by Quantum Dots
Yim, Tae-Jin,Zentgraf, Thomas,Min, Bumki,Zhang, Xiang American Chemical Society 2010 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.132 No.7
<P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jacsat/2010/jacsat.2010.132.issue-7/ja909483w/production/images/medium/ja-2009-09483w_0004.gif'> <P>We demonstrate two simple methods to fabricate QD-stabilized toluene microdroplets in water as whispering gallery mode microscale resonators in an all-liquid phase. The toluene microdroplets show size-dependently high <I>Q</I>-factors up to 5100 resulting from the stable QD-loaded microdroplets. The highly QD-stabilized toluene microdroplet resonators in the all-liquid phase would be promising for multiple all-liquid lasers.</P></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/ja909483w'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Thermal evaluation of laser exposures in an<i>in vitro</i>retinal model by microthermal sensing
Choi, Tae Y.,Denton, Michael L.,Noojin, Gary D.,Estlack, Larry E.,Shrestha, Ramesh,Rockwell, Benjamin A.,Thomas, Robert,Kim, Dongsik SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineeri 2014 JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS Vol.19 No.9
<P>A temperature detection system using a micropipette thermocouple sensor was developed for use within mammalian cells during laser exposure with an 8.6-μm beam at 532 nm. We have demonstrated the capability of measuring temperatures at a single-cell level in the microscale range by inserting micropipettebased thermal sensors of size ranging from 2 to 4 μm into the membrane of a live retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell subjected to a laser beam. We setup the treatment groups of 532-nm laser-irradiated single RPE cell and in situ temperature recordings were made over time. Thermal profiles are given for representative cells experiencing damage resulting from exposures of 0.2 to 2 s. The measured maximum temperature rise for each cell ranges from 39 to 73C; the RPE cells showed a signature of death for all the cases reported herein. In order to check the cell viability, real-time fluorescence microscopy was used to identify the transition of pigmented RPE cells between viable and damaged states due to laser exposure.</P>
Zeaxanthin radical cation formation in minor light-harvesting complexes of higher plant antenna.
Avenson, Thomas J,Ahn, Tae Kyu,Zigmantas, Donatas,Niyogi, Krishna K,Li, Zhirong,Ballottari, Matteo,Bassi, Roberto,Fleming, Graham R American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2008 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.283 No.6
<P>Previous work on intact thylakoid membranes showed that transient formation of a zeaxanthin radical cation was correlated with regulation of photosynthetic light-harvesting via energy-dependent quenching. A molecular mechanism for such quenching was proposed to involve charge transfer within a chlorophyll-zeaxanthin heterodimer. Using near infrared (880-1100 nm) transient absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate that carotenoid (mainly zeaxanthin) radical cation generation occurs solely in isolated minor light-harvesting complexes that bind zeaxanthin, consistent with the engagement of charge transfer quenching therein. We estimated that less than 0.5% of the isolated minor complexes undergo charge transfer quenching in vitro, whereas the fraction of minor complexes estimated to be engaged in charge transfer quenching in isolated thylakoids was more than 80 times higher. We conclude that minor complexes which bind zeaxanthin are sites of charge transfer quenching in vivo and that they can assume Non-quenching and Quenching conformations, the equilibrium LHC(N) <==> LHC(Q) of which is modulated by the transthylakoid pH gradient, the PsbS protein, and protein-protein interactions.</P>
Hyun, Tae-Kyung,Kumar, Kundan,Rao, Kudupudi Prabhakara,Sinha, Alok Krishna,Roitsch, Thomas The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2011 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.5 No.1
Tocopherols belong to the plant-derived poly phenolic compounds known for antioxidant functions in plants and animals. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) is a common reaction of plant cells in defense-related signal transduction pathways. We report a novel non-antioxidant function of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol in higher plants linking the physiological role of tocopherol with stress signalling pathways. Pre-incubation of a low concentration of $50{\mu}M$ ${\alpha}$-tocopherol negatively interferes with MAPK activation in elicitor-treated tobacco BY2 suspension culture cells and wounded tobacco leaves, whereas pre-incubated BY2 cells with ${\alpha}$-tocopherol phosphate did not show the inhibitory effect on stimuli-induced MAPK activation. The decreased MAPK activity was neither due to a direct inhibitory effect of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol nor due to the induction of an inhibitory or inactivating activity directly affecting MAPK activity. The data support that the target of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol negatively regulates an upstream component of the signaling pathways that leads to stress dependent MAPK activation.