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The Past, Present and Future of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Thomas O'Brien,Myung-Soo Park,Jong-Chan Youn,Eugene S. Chung 대한심장학회 2019 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.49 No.5
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has revolutionized the care of the patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and electrical dyssynchrony. The current guidelines for patient selection include measurement of left ventricular systolic function, QRS duration and morphology, and functional classification. Despite consistent and increasing evidence supporting CRT use in appropriate patients, CRT has been underutilized. Notwithstanding the heterogeneous definitions of non-response, more than one-third of patients demonstrate a lack of echocardiographic reverse remodeling or poor clinical outcome following CRT. Since the causes of this non-response are multifactorial, it will require multidisciplinary efforts to overcome including optimal patient selection, procedural strategies, as well as optimizing post-implant care in patients undergoing CRT. The innovations of novel pacing approaches combined with advanced imaging technologies may eventually offer a personalized CRT system uniquely tailored to each patient's dyssynchrony signature.
Thomas, Eva S.,Gomez, Henry L.,Li, Rubi K.,Chung, Hyun-Cheol,Fein, Luis E.,Chan, Valorie F.,Jassem, Jacek,Pivot, Xavier B.,Klimovsky, Judith V.,de Mendoza, Fernando Hurtado,Xu, Binghe,Campone, Mario,L Grune & Stratton 2007 Journal of clinical oncology Vol.25 No.33
<B>Purpose</B><P>Effective treatment options for patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to anthracyclines and taxanes are limited. Ixabepilone has single-agent activity in these patients and has demonstrated synergy with capecitabine in this setting. This study was designed to compare ixabepilone plus capecitabine versus capecitabine alone in anthracycline-pretreated or -resistant and taxane-resistant locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer.</P><B>Patients and Methods</B><P>Seven hundred fifty-two patients were randomly assigned to ixabepilone 40 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>intravenously on day 1 of a 21-day cycle plus capecitabine 2,000 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>orally on days 1 through 14 of a 21-day cycle, or capecitabine alone 2,500 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>on the same schedule, in this international phase III study. The primary end point was progression-free survival evaluated by blinded independent review.</P><B>Results</B><P>Ixabepilone plus capecitabine prolonged progression-free survival relative to capecitabine (median, 5.8 v 4.2 months), with a 25% reduction in the estimated risk of disease progression (hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.88; P = .0003). Objective response rate was also increased (35% v 14%; P < .0001). Grade 3/4 treatment-related sensory neuropathy (21% v 0%), fatigue (9% v 3%), and neutropenia (68% v 11%) were more frequent with combination therapy, as was the rate of death as a result of toxicity (3% v 1%, with patients with liver dysfunction [≥ grade 2 liver function tests] at greater risk). Capecitabine-related toxicities were similar for both treatment groups.</P><B>Conclusion</B><P>Ixabepilone plus capecitabine demonstrates superior efficacy to capecitabine alone in patients with metastatic breast cancer pretreated or resistant to anthracyclines and resistant to taxanes.</P>
Thomas, Reju George,Unnithan, Afeesh Rajan,Moon, Myeong Ju,Surendran, Suchithra Poilil,Batgerel, Tumurbaatar,Park, Chan Hee,Kim, Cheol Sang,Jeong, Yong Yeon Elsevier 2018 International journal of biological macromolecules Vol.110 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We prepared Janus microspheres based on sodium alginate for the encapsulation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in one compartment and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) or a drug in the second compartment. 4% percent sodium alginate solution was allowed to pass through a septum-theta capillary device and react with 2.5% calcium chloride to allow crosslinking to occur in the solution, forming calcium alginate Janus microspheres. Physico-chemical characterization of microspheres was done by FTIR, TGA, and XRD after loading of stem cells and IONP/drug. The mechanical integrity of microspheres was tested at different time points, which showed that 4% alginate microspheres were mechanically stable for a long period of time. Live/dead staining of MSCs alone and the MTS assay of MSCs and DMSO co-loaded were performed, which showed less toxicity to MSC in the Janus configuration. IONP/MSC-loaded Janus microspheres were tested by magnetic manipulation for targeted MSC delivery for cartilage repair using an electromagnetic manipulation (EMM) device. Janus microspheres can be used for targeted stem cell/drug delivery using EMM for cartilage repair in the near future.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P> <P>Janus microsphere loaded with MSC’s and IONP/drug and injection to cartilage repair area.</P>
Chan Miller, Christopher,Jacob, Daniel J.,Marais, Eloise A.,Yu, Karen,Travis, Katherine R.,Kim, Patrick S.,Fisher, Jenny A.,Zhu, Lei,Wolfe, Glenn M.,Hanisco, Thomas F.,Keutsch, Frank N.,Kaiser, Jennif Copernicus GmbH 2017 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.17 No.14
<P>Abstract. Glyoxal (CHOCHO) is produced in the atmosphere by the oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Like formaldehyde (HCHO), another VOC oxidation product, it is measurable from space by solar backscatter. Isoprene emitted by vegetation is the dominant source of CHOCHO and HCHO in most of the world. We use aircraft observations of CHOCHO and HCHO from the SENEX campaign over the southeast US in summer 2013 to better understand the CHOCHO time-dependent yield from isoprene oxidation, its dependence on nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2), the behavior of the CHOCHO-HCHO relationship, the quality of OMI CHOCHO satellite observations, and the implications for using CHOCHO observations from space as constraints on isoprene emissions. We simulate the SENEX and OMI observations with the Goddard Earth Observing System chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) featuring a new chemical mechanism for CHOCHO formation from isoprene. The mechanism includes prompt CHOCHO formation under low-NOx conditions following the isomerization of the isoprene peroxy radical (ISOPO2). The SENEX observations provide support for this prompt CHOCHO formation pathway, and are generally consistent with the GEOS-Chem mechanism. Boundary layer CHOCHO and HCHO are strongly correlated in the observations and the model, with some departure under low-NOx conditions due to prompt CHOCHO formation. SENEX vertical profiles indicate a free-tropospheric CHOCHO background that is absent from the model. The OMI CHOCHO data provide some support for this free-tropospheric background and show southeast US enhancements consistent with the isoprene source but a factor of 2 too low. Part of this OMI bias is due to excessive surface reflectivities assumed in the retrieval. The OMI CHOCHO and HCHO seasonal data over the southeast US are tightly correlated and provide redundant proxies of isoprene emissions. Higher temporal resolution in future geostationary satellite observations may enable detection of the prompt CHOCHO production under low-NOx conditions apparent in the SENEX data. </P>
Chan, Siew Wui,Kallarakkal, Thomas George,Abraham, Mannil Thomas Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.5
Background: The survival rate for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has remained generally unchanged in the past three decades, underlining the need for more biomarkers to be developed to aid prognostication and effective management. The prognostic potential of E-cadherin expression in OSCCs has been variable in previous studies while galectin-9 expression has been correlated with improved prognosis in other cancers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of galectin-9 and E-cadherin in OSCC and their potential as prognostic biomarkers. Materials and Methods: E-cadherin and Galectin-9 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry in 32 cases of OSCC of the buccal mucosa (13 with and 19 without lymph node metastasis), as well as 6 samples of reactive lesions and 5 of normal buccal mucosa. Results: The expression of E-cadherin in OSCC was significantly lower than the control tissues but galectin-9 expression was conversely higher. Median E-cadherin HSCOREs between OSCCs positive and negative for nodal metastasis were not significantly different. Mean HSCOREs for galectin-9 in OSCC without lymph node metastasis ($127.7{\pm}81.8$) was higher than OSCC with lymph node metastasis ($97.9{\pm}62.9$) but this difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: E-cadherin expression is reduced whilst galectin-9 expression is increased in OSCC. However, the present results suggest that E-cadherin and galectin-9 expression may not be useful as prognostic markers for OSCC.
China in 2005: Implications for the Rest of the World
( Channing Arndt ),( Thomas Hertel ),( Betina Dimaranan ),( Karen Huff ),( Robert Mcdougall ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 1997 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.12 No.4
This paper analyzes the impact of continued rapid growth in china on her trading partners using a multiregion, applied general equilibrium model. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find that most developing countries benefit from china`s growth. Product differentiation plays a key role in this finding. systematic analysis of these welfare gains shows that, as expected, simple terms of trade calculations based on net trade positions and average world price changes predict a loss for the developing countries. However, with the exceptions of South Asia and Thailand, this loss is overshadowed by a positive movement in region-specific export price indices. Second-best effects also play a significant role in the gains for a number of the developing countries. (JEL Classification: Fl1, F15)
Confirmation of Large Super-fast Rotator (144977) 2005 EC <sub>127</sub>
Chang, Chan-Kao,Lin, Hsing-Wen,Ip, Wing-Huen,Lin, Zhong-Yi,Kupfer, Thomas,Prince, Thomas A.,Ye, Quan-Zhi,Laher, Russ R.,Lee, Hee-Jae,Moon, Hong-Kyu American Astronomical Society 2017 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.840 No.2
<P>(144977) 2005 EC127 is a V-/A-type inner-main-belt asteroid with a diameter of 0.6 +/- 0.1. km. Asteroids of this size are believed to have rubble-pile structure, and therefore cannot have a rotation period shorter than 2.2 hr. However, our measurements show that asteroid 2005 EC127 completes one rotation in 1.65 +/- 0.01. hr with a peakto-peak light-curve variation of similar to 0.5. mag. Therefore, this asteroid is identified as a large super-fast rotator. Either a rubble-pile asteroid with a bulk density of rho similar to 6 g. cm(-3) or an asteroid with an internal cohesion of 47 +/- 30. Pa can explain 2005 EC127. However, the scenario of high bulk density is very unlikely for asteroids. To date, only six large super-fast rotators, including 2005 EC127, have been reported, and this number is very small when compared with the much more numerous fast rotators. We also note that none of the six reporting large SFRs are classified as C-type asteroids.</P>