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Ohtsuki, Sumio,Yamaguchi, Hirofumi,Kang, Young-Sook,Hori, Satoko,Terasaki, Tetsuya Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2010 Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin Vol.33 No.7
<P>The blood–brain barrier (BBB) expresses transporters that influence both dopaminergic neuronal function and drug therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of the present study was to clarify changes of transporter mRNA expression at the BBB in mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) as a model of PD, in order to understand the pathophysiological role of BBB transport function in PD. At 7 d after MPTP treatment, mice showed a motor deficit and a loss of dopaminergic neurons. At the same time, L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) mRNA expression in the brain capillary fraction of the MPTP-treated mice was significantly reduced by 62.6% compared with saline-treated mice, while no significant change was observed in the expression of glucose transporter 1, creatine transporter 1, taurine transporter, organic cation transporter 2, serotonin transporter, norepinephrine transporter and dopamine transporter. LAT1 mRNA expression in whole brain was not affected at 1, 3 and 5 d after the treatment, but was reduced by 46.3% at 7 d. LAT1 mediates the transport of large neutral amino acids, including tyrosine, as well as the PD-therapeutic drug levodopa, across the BBB. Our findings indicate that decreased LAT1 expression at the BBB in PD patients may adversely affect amino acid supply from the circulating blood and levodopa distribution into the brain.</P>
An integrated approach to tropical and subtropical island conservation
Yamano, Hiroya,Satake, Kiyoshi,Inoue, Tomomi,Kadoya, Taku,Hayashi, Seiji,Kinjo, Koichi,Nakajima, Daisuke,Oguma, Hiroyuki,Ishiguro, Satoshi,Okagawa, Azusa,Suga, Shinsuke,Horie, Tetsuya,Nohara, Katsuhit The Ecological Society of Korea 2015 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.38 No.2
After the reversion of Okinawa (Ryukyu Islands) to Japan in 1972, extensive urban and agricultural development resulted in a significant increase in sediment discharge to coastal waters. The release of sediment has caused the degradation of freshwater and coastal ecosystems and biodiversity. A consideration for catchment-to-reef continua, as well as agricultural (socioeconomic) factors is necessary to establish proper land-based management plans for the conservation of the island environment. We have set up a framework to integrate biophysics and socioeconomics: 1) setting a conservation target and threshold, 2) identifying the sources and processes, and 3) examining cost-effectiveness and management priorities. The framework may be applicable to other tropical and subtropical islands with similar characteristics.
An integrated approach to tropical and subtropical island conservation
Hiroya Yamano,Kiyoshi Satake,Tomomi Inoue,Taku Kadoya,Seiji Hayashi,Koichi Kinjo,Daisuke Nakajima,Hiroyuki Oguma,Satoshi Ishiguro,Azusa Okagawa,Shinsuke Suga,Tetsuya Horie,Katsuhito Nohara,Naoko Fukay 한국생태학회 2015 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.38 No.2
After the reversion of Okinawa (Ryukyu Islands) to Japan in 1972, extensive urban and agricultural development resulted in a significant increase in sediment discharge to coastal waters. The release of sediment has caused the degradation of freshwater and coastal ecosystems and biodiversity. A consideration for catchment-to-reef continua, as well as agricul¬tural (socioeconomic) factors is necessary to establish proper land-based management plans for the conservation of the island environment. We have set up a framework to integrate biophysics and socioeconomics: 1) setting a conservation target and threshold, 2) identifying the sources and processes, and 3) examining cost-effectiveness and management pri¬orities. The framework may be applicable to other tropical and subtropical islands with similar characteristics.