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Begna Tekalign,Jung Chuleui 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2
Pollinators, honey bees in particular, are continuously exposed to various mixtures of pesticides, which contribute to their population decline. Both amitraz and thiacloprid have been proven less toxic to honey bees and are frequently applied in- and out-hive, respectively. We examined the sub-lethal effects of amitraz, thia cloprid and their sequential exposure on learning, memory and sugar responsiveness in Apis mellifera using the Proboscis extension response (PER). Sub-lethal doses of amitraz (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4 µg/bee) and thiacloprid (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 µg/bee) were tested. Sub-lethal effects were observed only at the highest doses of each pesticide treatment; amitraz (0.4 µg/bee) and thiacloprid (0.2 µg/bee) but not in lower doses. In sequential treatment of amitraz and thiacloprid, reduced acquisition and memory retention were significant across all tested doses. The same profile was also obtained on sugar responsiveness of foragers. Our results suggest that the sequential exposure would pose higher risk to honey bee compared to single pesticide exposure by reducing the bees’ appetitive olfactory learning, memory and sugar acuity more than individual pesticide exposures.
Tekalign Begna,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04
Learning and memory are essential for animals like honey bee, in which foragers leave their nest to collect food and then successfully learn to navigate back to colony. Chronic environmental exposure of neoniconitiod highly affect pollinators like honey bee. We investigated the effect of neonicotinoid, thiacloprid and imidacloprid on learning, memory and mortality of pollen foragers based on their toxicity level. Individual Pollen foragers Apis mellifera were trained using a proboscis extension proboscis. We used three treatments: 50% sugar solution, 50% sugar contaminated thiacloprid and imidacloprid as unconditioned stimulus and 2M 1-nonanol as conditioned stimulus. Our result shows that there is no significant difference between control and thiacloprid treatment both in learning and mortality of honey bee. But we found difference in memory between subjects exposed to control and thiacloprid contamination. Whereas imidacloprid contamination significantly lowered learning, eradicate memory retention and higher mortality of honey bee. Even thiacloprid and imidacloprid are in the same chemical class of Neonicotinoid insecticides, their toxic level would be different resulting in differential ecological impact to honey bee colony.
Tekalign Begna,Delgermaa Ulziibayar,Muhammad Noor-ul-Ane,Jong Hwa Shin,Chuleui Jung 한국양봉학회 2020 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.35 No.2
Production of many crops benefits from elevated pollinator diversity and abundance. We assessed the effect of pollen supplement on the foraging activities of Apis mellifera in strawberry greenhouse. Since bees can learn floral resources in association with pollen rewards, we tested whether offering pollen supplement food enhances foraging activity and consequently increases pollination by honey bees in greenhouse. We observed number of departing and returning bees from the hive entrances with fixed interval from 10 am to 6 pm with temperature and humidity recording. And we checked number of foragers that visit artificial food (pollen: rice powder; 1 : 0, 1 : 1) and flowers. Honey bee foraging was highly dependent on the temperature inside the greenhouse. Minimum temperature for honey bee activity was observed from 14℃ with maximum activities at 33.1~33.3°C. Above 39°C, no foraging was observed. Foraging activity of bees significantly increased after offering pollen supplement food; average number of bees departing 23.3±3.06 and returning 24.8±3.51 were increased to 39.3±2.53, 44.9±2.91 respectively after offering pollen supplements. Frequencies of foraging on two different pollen supplements (high vs low protein) were not significant. Visiting duration of strawberry flowers in plots with and without pollen supplements were not different. Increased foraging activity by increasing the number of foragers that enhances high bee visitation rates by offering pollen supplement foods can be the indication of pollination efficiency.
Tekalign Begna,Delgermaa Ulziibayar,Daniel Bisrat,Chuleui Jung 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.4
The neonicotinoid acetamiprid (ACE) and emamectin benzoate (EMB) are widely utilized agrochemicals worldwide in crop protection. Most previous studies have evaluated on the toxicity of individual insecticides on honeybees. This study evaluated formulation of combined toxicities of acetamiprid (8%) and emamectin ben zoate (2.15%) through oral and contact exposures to Apis mellifera. The binary mixture had a lethal dose (LD 50 ) of 1 × 10 − 3 µg/bee (oral) and 4 × 10 − 5 µg/bee (contact) to adult honeybees and a lethal concentration (LC 50 ) of 2 × 10 − 1 µg/ml to larvae. The mixture’s oral and contact hazard quotient were significantly greater than ACE, with values of 17,400 and 5000, respectively. The estimated additive indices (AI) showed that ACE and EMB inter acted additively with AI values of 0.047 (oral), 0.01 (contact), and 0.02 (larval). The mixture also reduced the survival of larvae, affected proboscis extension response (PER) scores, and impacted the ability of honeybees to discriminate odors. The authors recommend a field study to investigate the mixture’s adverse effects on hon eybees further.
항공방제를 가정한 멀티콥터 농약 살포의 꿀벌 위해성 평가
강용락,Tekalign Begna,이동희,김민중,김준헌,정철의 한국양봉학회 2023 韓國養蜂學會誌 Vol.38 No.3
Aerial spray is has been considered as the primary option for controlling outbreak of forest pests since it covers a broader area with low cost. However, non-target effects and environmental concerns require sophisticated selection of quality spraying materials and effective application methods. In this study, we evaluated the risk of two insecticides to honeybees in the laboratory and field simulating aerial spray conditions using the multicopter called drones. For each insecticide, LD50s were estimated by adult acute toxicity test (feeding and contact), and residue levels over time were analyzed in the greenhouse condition. In the field toxicity test, caged bee mortality and honey bee colony developmental indices were investigated under the drone-spray condition. LD50 values from contact toxicity test for etofenprox, and flupyradifurone was 0.01- 0.012 μg/bee, and for 1.5-3.1 μg/bee respectively. LD50s values from oral toxicity tests for all the pesticides showed high toxicity (<2 μg/bee). According to the field toxicity test, there was no significant difference in the number of adult honeybees and the area of stored honey compared to the control. However, colony weights of the two pesticide treatments were lower than the control, and stored pollen area was lower in etofenprox treatment than in the control. Overall, the risk of flupyradifurone on honey bee was relatively lower than etofenprox but can not be disregarded.