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Nuri Tchah(Nuri Tchah ),Donghwa Yang(Donghwa Yang),Heung Dong Kim(Heung Dong Kim),Joon Soo Lee(Joon Soo Lee),Se Hee Kim(Se Hee Kim),Hoon-Chul Kang(Hoon-Chul Kang) 대한소아신경학회 2022 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.30 No.4
Purpose: Developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (D/EE-SWAS) is a spectrum of conditions characterized by various phenotypes of cognitive, linguistic, and behavioral regression associated with spike-and-wave activation in sleep. We aimed to investigate the phenotypic spectrum and treatment outcomes of pediatric patients with D/EE-SWAS. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with D/EE-SWAS and treated at Severance Children’s Hospital from 2006 to 2022. We extracted information from their medical records on electroencephalography before and after treatment, types of treatment, seizure frequency, and developmental profiles. The primary outcome was reduction of the spike-wave index on electroencephalography after treatment. Results: Twenty-one patients with a median age of 5.3 years (interquartile range, 4.1 to 6.6) at diagnosis were included. Ten patients had delayed development. The patients received various anti-seizure medications. Fourteen received long-term, high-dose steroid therapy, 10 were placed on a ketogenic diet, four received intravenous steroid pulse therapy, and one each was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and cannabidiol. The most effective treatments were steroid therapy and a ketogenic diet, which were also effective in reducing seizures and improving cognition. Side effects during treatment were transient and treatable. Conclusion: We described the clinical spectrum of pediatric patients with D/EE-SWAS. Steroid therapy and a ketogenic diet can be considered effective therapeutic options for patients with D/EE SWAS.
Hungwon Tchah,Byoungkak Lim 대한안과학회 1999 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.13 No.2
To evaluate the effect of different concentrations 0.03%, 0.1% and 0.3% of FK 506 on xenograft corneal rejection, guinea pig corneas were transplanted into rats. FK 506 was then applied topically four times a day for 21 days. The grafts were inspected and scored according to opacity, edema, and graft protrusion. All grafts in the control group were rejected by the 14th postoperative day, and grafts in the FK 506 treated groups began to be rejected by the 17th postoperative day. Inflammatory cell infiltration was less dense in the FK 506 treated grafts than in the control group. Higher concentrations of FK 506 appeared to be more effective in preventing and decreasing the severity of the graft rejection. Topical FK 506 can delay the development of xenograft corneal rejection and decrease its severity in this animal model.
무브랜드 특성 및 비주얼 아이덴티티 구성요인에 기초한 사례조사
차은수 ( Eun-soo Tchah ) 한국디자인트렌드학회 2019 한국디자인포럼 Vol.24 No.3
연구배경 최근 무브랜드는 ‘브랜드가 존재하지 않는다’라는 기존의 의미를 넘어 새로운 개념으로 인식되고 있음에도 불구하고, 무브랜드의 정의 및 개념 변화, 디자인 경향을 파악을 위한 사례 연구는 매우 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 무브랜드의 개념 변화를 이해하여 현황을 파악하고, 국내외 사례조사를 통하여 일반 브랜드와의 디자인적 요인의 차이를 분석하고자 한다. 연구방법 문헌조사를 통해 무브랜드의 본질, 개념 변화 추이, 종류에 관해 고찰하고, 무브랜드 디자인 특성 및 비주얼 아이덴티티 구성요인에 기반하여 사례조사를 실시한다. 조사대상은 무브랜드 특성을 반영함으로써 기업 경쟁력 및 소비자 인지도가 높은 국내외 8개 기업이다. 연구결과 사례조사를 통해 무브랜드 특성이 무브랜드 비주얼 아이덴티티 요인에 전반적으로 반영되어 있으며, 특히, 상표 지향 무브랜드가 상품정보 지향 무브랜드에 비해 이들 요인을 더 적극적으로 활용하고 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 단순성, 편의성, 효율성이 환경성, 모듈성에 비해 보다 적극적으로 적용되고 있었다. 결론 무브랜드의 본질 및 시기별 변화 추의를 살펴봄으로써 상품정보 지향 무브랜드와 상표 지향 무브랜드로 구분하여 정의하고, 무브랜드 특성을 편의성, 단순성, 환경성, 모듈성, 효율성으로, 무브랜드 비주얼 아이덴티티 요인을 심볼/로고, 서체, 컬러, 패키지, 광고, 웹사이트로 규정하였다. 이를 바탕으로 사례를 분석하여, 무브랜드 특성이 무브랜드 비주얼 아이덴티티 구성요인에 긍정적 가치를 창출하는 중요한 요인임을 파악할 수 있었다. Background Recently, non-brand is recognized as a new concept beyond the existing meaning of ‘no brand exists'. Nevertheless, there is a lack of case studies to understand the definition, concept changes, and design trend of non-brand. Hence, this study aims to understand the current situation based on the understanding of the concept changes of non-brand, and analyze the difference of design components with general brands through case studies. Methods This study examines the nature, conceptual change and types of non-brand through literature review, and conducts case research on the basis of non-brand design characteristics and visual identity components. The research targets are 8 domestic and foreign companies that have high corporate competitiveness and consumer awareness by reflecting non-brand characteristics. Result The case study shows that non-brand characteristics are generally reflected in non-brand visual identity components, and in particular, the brand-oriented non-brand is more actively utilizing these components than the product-oriented non-brand. Inaddition, simplicity, convenience, and efficiency were more actively applied than environmental factor and modularity. Conclusion By examining the nature of non-brand and trend per period, it was defined by dividing it into brand-oriented non-brand and product-oriented non-brand. In addition, for the non-brand case study, non-brand characteristics were classified into convenience, simplicity, environmental factor, modularity, and efficiency, and non-brand visual identity components were defined as symbols/logos, fonts, colors, packages, advertisements, and websites. By analyzing the cases based on these, the characteristics of non-brand were found to be an important factor in creating positive value for the non-brand visual identity components.