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감로도(甘露圖)의 제명(題名) 문제(問題)에 대한 재고(再考)
박영아 ( Pak¸ Taylor ) 미술사와 시각문화학회 2021 미술사와 시각문화 Vol.27 No.-
감로도(甘露圖)는 한국의 불교미술 가운데 가장 다양한 제명(題名)으로 지칭되어 온 회화 장르이다. 1923년 세키노 타다시(関野貞, 1868-1935)를 시작으로, 한국 및 일본 학자들은 각자 감로도의 도상 내용과 가장 부합하는 것으로 판단한 제명을 사용해 왔다. 이 과정에서 화기(畵記)에 보이는 제명, 즉 〈하단탱(下壇幀)〉, 〈감로왕탱(甘露王幀)〉, 〈감로회(甘露會)〉, 〈감로탱(甘露幀)〉 혹은 〈감로탱화(甘露幀畵)〉 등은 물론, <시아귀도(施餓鬼圖)〉, 〈우란분경변상(盂蘭盆經變相)〉, 〈수륙회도(水陸會圖)〉 등 새롭게 고안된 제명이 각각 사용되었다. 이들은 이와 같은 제명 설정의 근거와 타당성을 강조하였다. 그리고 이는 결과적으로 감로도라는 회화 장르에 대한 일관된 이해를 어렵게 하는 요인으로 작용하였다. 본고는 이와 같은 감로도의 제명 문제를 조명한 글이다. 감로도에 대한 연구사적 검토는 학계에서 감로도의 제명을 다양하게 사용하게 된 각각의 경위를 파악하는 데 필요한 핵심적인 작업이다. 이를 통해 본고에서는 개별 작품의 도상 구성과 그 해석에 근거한 제명 사이에 나타나는 부적합성이 지적되었다. 이로써 본고는 다수의 제명이 갖는 다양성을 도상의 구성 요소가 아닌 감로도가 제단화(祭壇畵)로 사용된 사실에 초점을 맞추어 감로도와 조선시대 불교의 의례적 체계 사이의 관련성을 새롭게 조명하였다. The Gamnodo is a Korean Buddhist painting genre which has been subjected to scrutiny exceptionally under different titles in modern scholarship. Since its introduction in the early 1920s, Korean and Japanese scholars have adopted either or both of historically derived and newly reconstructed titles that they purport to represent its iconographic content. The varying appellations thus accordingly guided manifold iconographical interpretations. This has in turn impeded a coherent understanding of the genre in its entirety. This paper addresses the very issue of the Gamnodo’s viable connection to multiple titles. Through a careful examination of the historiographical trajectory of scholarship on the Gamnodo, it sheds light on the modern reception of the genre and the unwonted specificity of its attributed titles. As the paper reveals discordances between each title and iconographical capacity of the Gamnodo, the collective distinctiveness of the varied titles is found exclusively linked with the functional quality of the ritual altar on which the genre was installed from the sixteenth century onward. The Gamnodo’s appellations are observed essentially anew in the contemporaneous liturgical framework of Joseon Buddhism.
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Computation of unsteady wind loading on bluff bodies using a discrete vortex method
Taylor, I.J.,Vezza, M. Techno-Press 1999 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.2 No.4
A discrete vortex method (DVM) has been developed at the Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Glasgow, to predict unsteady, incompressible, separated flows around closed bodies. The basis of the method is the discretisation of the vorticity field, rather than the velocity field, into a series of vortex particles that are free to move in the flow. This paper gives a brief description of the method and presents the results of calculations on static and transversely oscillating square section cylinders. The results demonstrate that the method successfully predicts the character of the flow field at different angles of incidence for the static case. Vortex lock-in around the resonance point is successfully captured in the oscillatory cases. It is concluded that the vortex method results show good agreement, both qualitatively and quantitatively, with results from various experimental data.
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THE NATURE OF THE CHURCH IN NEW TESTAMENT THOUGHT
Taylor, T.M. 연세대학교 신과대학 1962 신학논단 Vol.7 No.-
There are two kinds of picture of the Church in the New testament and they are very different. The first kind of picture is objective and pragmatic describing the Church as it actually existed in a particular time and place. e.g., the Church at Corinth as described in I Corinthians 1:10-34 5:1 to 6:11. Such pictures are not complimentary. They do not attempt to avoid describing the weakness, imperfections and failures of the Church. Actually such pictures are like "candid camera close-ups" in which one may see all of the imperfection of form and complexion.
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Aeroelastic stability analysis of a bridge deck with added vanes using a discrete vortex method
Taylor, I.,Vezza, M. Techno-Press 2002 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.5 No.2
A two dimensional discrete vortex method (DIVEX) has been developed at the Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Glasgow, to predict unsteady and incompressible flow fields around closed bodies. The basis of the method is the discretisation of the vorticity field, rather than the velocity field, into a series of vortex particles that are free to move in the flow field that the particles collectively induce. This paper gives a brief description of the numerical implementation of DIVEX and presents the results of calculations on a recent suspension bridge deck section. The results from both the static and flutter analysis of the main deck in isolation are in good agreement with experimental data. A brief study of the effect of flow control vanes on the aeroelastic stability of the bridge is also presented and the results confirm previous analytical and experimental studies. The aeroelastic study is carried out firstly using aerodynamic derivatives extracted from the DIVEX simulations. These results are then assessed further by presenting results from full time-dependent aeroelastic solutions for the original deck and one of the vane cases. In general, the results show good qualitative and quantitative agreement with results from experimental data and demonstrate that DIVEX is a useful design tool in the field of wind engineering.
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Taylor, Yvonne,Merat, Natasha,Jamson, Samantha Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.1
Background: Few studies have examined the effects of a forward rotating shift pattern on police employee performance and well-being. This study sought to compare sleep duration, cognitive performance, and vigilance at the start and end of each shift within a three-shift, forward rotating shift pattern, common in United Kingdom police forces. Methods: Twenty-three police employee participants were recruited from North Yorkshire Police (mean age, 43 years). The participants were all working the same, 10-day, forward rotating shift pattern. No other exclusion criteria were stipulated. Sleep data were gathered using both actigraphy and self-reported methods; cognitive performance and vigilance were assessed using a customized test battery, comprising five tests: motor praxis task, visual object learning task, NBACK, digital symbol substitution task, and psychomotor vigilance test. Statistical comparisons were conducted, taking into account the shift type, shift number, and the start and end of each shift worked. Results: Sleep duration was found to be significantly reduced after night shifts. Results showed a significant main effect of shift type in the visual object learning task and NBACK task and also a significant main effect of start/end in the digital symbol substitution task, along with a number of significant interactions. Conclusion: The results of the tests indicated that learning and practice effects may have an effect on results of some of the tests. However, it is also possible that due to the fast rotating nature of the shift pattern, participants did not adjust to any particular shift; hence, their performance in the cognitive and vigilance tests did not suffer significantly as a result of this particular shift pattern.
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