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Sagarbarria Mark Gabriel S.,Taylo Lourdes D.,Hautea Desiree M. 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.2
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is the leading vegetable grown and consumed in the Philippines, and the eggplant leafhopper is one of its most important insect pests. Nine local populations of leafhopper infesting eggplants were collected from major eggplant growing areas in Luzon Island to determine if these populations are constituted singly or by different species and to assess the level of variability among them. Morphological analysis of the adult male abdominal and genital traits and partial mitochondrial COI gene sequence identified the eggplant leafhopper populations in Luzon Island as belonging to Amrasca (=Sundapteryx) biguttula (Ishida) (Hemiptera:Cicadelliae). Observed male specimens exhibited modifications in the pregenital abdominal tergites VII and VIII that were previously reported to not be found in other Amrasca species. Principal Component Analysis of four morphometric genital traits revealed high similarity among the leafhopper populations regardless of eggplant production areas. Partial COI sequence analysis idenfitied 11 sequence variants (haplotypes), with one predominant haplotype. Overall, the leafhopper populations from Luzon Island exhibited moderate haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity, indicating low genetic diversity. Topologies from a maximum likelihood tree indicate all eleven haplotypes cluster in a single clade with other A. biguttula infesting cotton and potato in India, but the Philippine population forms a separate subgroup although with weak bootstrap support. Further analysis with the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) method classified the different haplotypes into a single GMYC entity.
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Role of Mesophyll Morphology in Determination of Leaf Photosynthesis in Field Grown Soybeans
Yun, Jin Il,Lauer, Michael J.,Taylo, S.Elwynn The Korean Society of Crop Science 1991 Korean journal of crop science Vol.36 No.6
Photosynthetic variation in field grown soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv Hodgson78] was studied in relation to leaf anatomical variation. Variations in mesophyll morphology were accentuated by manipulating source and sink size. At R3 stage, two treatments were started: one was thinning and continu-ous debranching(6. 5 plants rather than 26 plants per m of row and remaining plants were debranched weekly), and the other was continuous partial depodding (allowing only one pod to develop at each mainstem node). Gas exchange characteristics, mesophyll cell volume and surface area per unit leaf surface, and microclimatic parameters were measured on the intact terminal leaflet at the 10th node. Observations were made 5 times with 3 to 4 day intervals starting R4 stage. Two models were used to compute leaf photosynthetic rates: one considered no effect of mesophyll morphology on photosynthesis, and the other considered potential effects of variations in mesophyll cell volume and surface area on diffusion and biochemical processes. Seventy nine percent of total photosynthetic variations observed in the experiment was explained by the latter, while 69% of the same variations was explained by the former model. By incorporating the mesophyll morphology concept, the predictability was improved by 14.6% in the field condition. Additional Index Words: photosynthesis model, leaf anatomy, Glycine max (L.) Merr., mesophyll surface area, mesophyll cell volume. 콩잎의 광합성능력이 잎의 내부형태 변이와 관련되어 있는지 검토하기 위해 대두품종 ‘Hodg-son 78’을 공시하여 포장실험을 수행하였다. 잎의 내부 형태면이를 촉진시키기 위해 착협시(R3 stage)에 유아주기 (1m이랑당 26주에서 6.5주)와 곁가지 치기를 통해 source활성 증대를, 계속적인 꼬투리 제거 (절위당 한개의 꼬투리만 남김)를 통해 sink활성 감소를 시도하였다. 협신장기(R4 stage)로부터 3-4일 간격으로 5회에 걸쳐 제 10절위 복엽의 중앙소엽을 대상으로 기체교환특성, 잎의 두께, 엽육세포의 체적 및 표면적, 그리고 주변 미기상변수를 측정하였다. 가설검증을 위해 기존의 광합성모형을 엽육세포의 표면적이 기체확산과, 엽육세포의 체적이 생화학적 활성과 관련되도록 수정하였다. 실측 광합성속도의 변이가운데 79%는 이 수정된 모형에 의해 설명 가능하였으며, 엽내부형태의 영향을 무시한 기존의 광합성모형에 비해 평균 14.5%의 추정능력 향상을 확인할 수 있었다.
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Mark Gabriel S. Sagarbarria,John Carlo M. Marasigan,Lourdes D. Taylo,Desiree M. Hautea 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.3
Morphological and molecular analysis of 15 Philippine populations of eggplant fruit and shoot borer (EFSB), Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée were conducted to determine if these populations are constituted singly by L. orbonalis or by different species and to assess the level of variability among them. Morphometric analysis of five genital traits of 850 male adult EFSB from field populations and analysis of the COI gene sequence of 879 F1 EFSB larvae from 15 main eggplant-producing provinces identified all individuals as belonging to L. orbonalis. Principal Component Analysis of five morphometric genital characters revealed high similarity among the EFSB populations regardless of geographic location. Thirteen (13) sequence variants (haplotypes) were identified, with one haplotype predominant and widespread throughout the country. The remaining haplotypes occurred rarely and differed from the widespread haplotype by one mutation. Overall, the EFSB populations from Philippines exhibited low nucleotide and haplotype diversity, indicating low genetic diversity. Topologies from a maximum likelihood tree indicate all thirteen haplotypes cluster in a single clade with EFSB populations from India and other South-East Asian countries. Further analysis with the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) method classified the different haplotypes into a single GMYC entity. Combined with morphometric analysis, differences between haplotypes are not suggestive of any subspecies. Negative values of Tajima's D and Fu's Fs tests combined with the phylogenetic analysis and overall low genetic diversity of Philippine populations support the hypothesis that EFSB is not endemic but introduced to the Philippines.
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