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Evaluating the asymmetric effects of nuclear energy on carbon emissions in Pakistan
Muhammad Tariq Majeed,Ilhan Ozturk,Isma Samreen,Tania Luni 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.5
Achieving sustainable development requires an increasing share of green technologies. World energydemand is expected to rise significantly especially in developing economies. The increasing energy demands will be entertained with conventional energy sources at the cost of higher emissions unless ecofriendly technologies are used. This study examines the asymmetric effects of nuclear energy on carbonemissions for Pakistan from 1974 to 2019. Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips Perron (PP) unitroot tests suggest that variables are integrated of order one and bound test of Autoregressive DistributedLag (ARDL) and nonlinear ARDL confirm a long-run relationship among selected variables. The ARDL,Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) resultsshow that the coefficient of nuclear energy has a negative and significant impact on emissions in bothshort and long run. Further, the NARDL finding shows that there exists an asymmetric long-run association between nuclear energy and CO2 emissions. The vector error correction method (VECM) resultsindicate that there exists a bidirectional causal relationship between nuclear energy and carbon emissions in both the short and long run. Additionally, the impact of nuclear energy on ecological footprinthas been examined and our findings remain robust.