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Diagnosis of split fractures of the mandible in adults
Taesik Kim,Sung Gyun Jung,In Pyo Hong,Young Joong Hwang Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association 2023 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.24 No.4
Background: Mandibular split fractures, in which the fracture occurs exclusively in the posterior wall, are uncommon. This study aimed to enhance clinicians' understanding of mandibular split fractures and offer insights for future research. Methods: This study included six patients who visited our hospital between January 2020 and June 2023 and were diagnosed with mandibular split fractures. We retrospectively collected data from patients' medical records on their age, sex, symptoms, mechanism, impact site, associated injuries, and treatment method, as well as the location, pattern, and number of fractures observed on computed tomography (CT) and panoramic images. The frequency of split fractures among all mandibular fractures was calculated. Results: The six patients included three men (50%) and three women (50%), ranging in age from 20 to 71 years (mean age, 49.8 years). The split fractures were located in the symphysis in one patient (16.7%), symphysis to parasymphysis in two patients (33.3%), parasymphysis in one patient (16.7%), and parasymphysis to the body in two patients (33.3%). Four patients (66.7%) had condylar head fractures, while two patients (33.3%) had single split fractures. The mechanism of trauma was a slip-down incident in four cases (66.7%), while two cases (33.3%) were caused by motorcycle traffic accidents. Four patients (67%) underwent intermaxillary fixation, while two patients (33%) improved with conservative treatment. Split fractures were diagnosed in all six patients on CT, whereas the fracture line was not clearly visible on panoramic images. Mandibular split fractures accounted for 5.6% of all mandibular fractures. Conclusion: This study provides insights into the clinical characteristics of rare mandibular split fractures and the diagnostic imaging findings. Furthermore, CT scans and three-dimensional image synthesis-instead of panoramic images-may be essential for accurately diagnosing mandibular fractures, including mandibular split fractures, in the future.
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민홍(Hong Min),김서연(Seoyeon Kim),박지수(Jisu Park),김태식(Taesik Kim),정진만(Jinman Jung) 한국정보과학회 2019 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.25 No.10
자율주행을 목표로 개발된 차량들의 컴퓨팅 성능과 통신속도가 급격하게 향상되고 있으며, 일부 차량의 경우 서버급 컴퓨터 이상의 성능을 보이고 있다. 이러한 고성능 차량들이 대중화되었을 때를 가정하고, 주차된 차량의 여유 자원을 활용하여 클라우드 서비스를 제공하는 연구들이 제안되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 차량으로 이루어진 데이터센터에서 작업의 크기를 자원 노드의 수에 따라 분할하고, 분할된 작업의 크기에 따른 예상 작업 수행시간을 계산하여 최적의 작업크기를 구하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 고성능의 소수 차량에게만 작업을 할당하는 경우, 저성능 차량을 모두 포함시키는 경우 등에 대해 실험을 실시하여 제안한 알고리즘을 검증하였다. The computing performances and communication speeds of vehicles developed for autonomous driving are rapidly improving. The performances of some of these vehicles even exceed those of server-class workstations. Based on the assumption that high computing performance vehicles will become popular, many studies have been proposed to utilize the computing resources of idling vehicles for cloud service. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that first divides the size of a job in the vehicular datacenter according to the number of resource nodes and then calculates the expected execution time according to the size of the divided job. The proposed algorithm is verified through experimental simulations of various cases where tasks are allocated only to a small number of high performance vehicles, all low performance vehicles are included, etc.
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UML 클래스 다이어그램 분석에 의한 객체지향 시스템의 복잡도 연구
정홍(Hong Chung),김태식(Taesik Kim) 한국지능시스템학회 2005 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.15 No.6
객체지향 시스템의 복잡성 척도에 대하여 많은 연구와 검증이 이루어져 왔다. 대부분의 척도들은 시스템의 부분적 측면, 예를 들어, 객체 간 결합도, 상속 구조의 복잡도, 메소드의 응집도 등에 대한 측정을 목표로 하고 있다. 그런데 소프트웨어 실무자들은 부분적이 아닌 시스템의 전반적인 복잡도를 측정할 수 있기를 바라고 있다. 본 논문은 UML의 클래스 다이어그램을 분석함으로써 객체지향 시스템의 전체적 구조에 대한 복잡도를 연구한 것이다. 클래스 다이어그램은 클래스와 클래스 간 관계로 구성되어 있다. 관계에는 연관 관계, 일반화 관계, 집합 관계 등 세 가지가 있는데, 이 관계들이 객체지향 시스템의 구조를 이해하기 어렵게 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이 세 가지 관계를 통합하여 객체지향 시스템의 복잡도를 측정하는 경험적 척도를 제안하고 있다. 이 척도는 소프트웨어 개발자가 코딩하기 전에 객체지향 시스템의 복잡도를 평가해 보고 필요시 설계를 수정할 수 있도록 하게 함으로써 설계 업무에 많은 도움을 줄 것이다. Many researches and validations for the complexity metrics of the object-oriented systems have been studied. Most of them are aimed for the measurement of the partial aspects of the systems, for example, the coupling between objects, the complexity of inheritance structures, the cohesion of methods, and so on. But the software practitioners want to measure the complexity of overall system, not partial. We studied the complexity of the overall structures of object-oriented systems by analyzing the class diagram of UML. The class diagram is composed of classes and their relations. There are three kinds of relations, association, generalization, and aggregation, which are making the structure of object-oriented systems to be difficult to understand. We proposed a heuristic metric to measure the complexity of object-oriented systems by putting together the three kinds of the relations. To analyze the complexity of the structure of a object-oriented system for the maintainability of the system, we measured the degree of understandability of it, the reverse engineering time to draw a class diagram from the source codes, and the number of errors in the diagram. The results of this experiment shows that our proposed metric has a considerable relationship with the complexity of object-oriented systems. The metric will be helpful to the software developers for their designing tasks by evaluating the complexity of the structures of object-oriented systems and redesigning tasks of them for the future maintainability.
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Vehicular datacenter modeling for cloud computing: Considering capacity and leave rate of vehicles
Kim, Taesik,Min, Hong,Jung, Jinman North-Holland 2018 Future generations computer systems Vol.88 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this paper, we propose a vehicular datacenter model in a parking lot, where vehicles can be considered as a resource for cloud computing. One of the crucial issues facing the vehicular datacenter is failures caused by arrival and departure of dynamic resources. These failures result in performance degradation of the execution time because the task must be restarted. In order to reduce execution time and mitigate the effects of uncertainty, we propose a vehicular datacenter model that makes use of a checkpoint mechanism. We first characterize the dynamic vehicles in parking lots considering each vehicle’s capacity and leave rate. We derive the expected execution time to analyze the characteristics of vehicles and propose a resource selection strategy based on that time. We also derive the optimal number of checkpoints for each vehicle that maximizes the efficiency of the checkpoint. We demonstrate the results of our analysis through various evaluations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We propose a vehicular datacenter model that makes use of a checkpoint mechanism. </LI> <LI> We characterize the vehicles in parking lots considering its capacity and leave rate. </LI> <LI> We propose a resource selection strategy based on the expected execution time. </LI> <LI> We optimize the number of checkpoints that maximizes the efficiency of the checkpoint. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Post-laparoscopy Epidermal Inclusion Cyst of Umbilicus
Young Joong Hwang,Taesik Kim,Sung Gyun Jung,In Pyo Hong 대한창상학회 2023 Journal of Wound Management and Research Vol.19 No.3
Background: Epidermal inclusion cysts can develop in the umbilicus following trauma or surgery. In this study, we aim to report cases of epidermal inclusion cysts occurring at the umbilicus in patients with a history of previous laparoscopic surgery.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted between January 2020 and May 2023 based on the medical records of patients who developed epidermal inclusion cysts in the umbilicus following laparoscopic surgery. Information regarding age, sex, symptoms, type of previous surgery, time elapsed from previous surgery to mass discovery, and postoperative complications was collected from a total of 15 patients.Results: Out of the 15 patients, 13 were female (86.7%) and two were male (13.3%). Symptoms such as discharge, redness, and tenderness were present in 12 patients (80.0%). Obstetric and gynecologic laparoscopic surgeries were performed on 10 patients (66.7%), whereas general surgical laparoscopic surgeries were performed on five patients (33.3%). The mean time from laparoscopic surgery to discovery of the umbilical mass was 43.5 months. Wound dehiscence occurred in one patient (6.7%) and seroma developed in another patient (6.7%) out of 15 patients.Conclusion: Achieving an ideal shape of the umbilicus after removal of epidermal inclusion cysts that occur at the umbilicus following laparoscopic procedures requires significant effort. Through this study, we aim to remind laparoscopic surgeons that epidermal inclusion cysts can develop at the umbilicus through laparoscopic interventions and thereby emphasize the importance of proper wound management.
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