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Cooper, O.,Seo, H.,Andrabi, S.,Guardia-Laguarta, C.,Graziotto, J.,Sundberg, M.,McLean, J. R.,Carrillo-Reid, L.,Xie, Z.,Osborn, T.,Hargus, G.,Deleidi, M.,Lawson, T.,Bogetofte, H.,Perez-Torres, E.,Clark American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2012 Science Translational Medicine Vol.4 No.141
<P>Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors that results in degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in the brain. We analyzed neural cells generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from PD patients and presymptomatic individuals carrying mutations in the PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) and LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) genes, and compared them to those of healthy control subjects. We measured several aspects of mitochondrial responses in the iPSC-derived neural cells including production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial respiration, proton leakage, and intraneuronal movement of mitochondria. Cellular vulnerability associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in iPSC-derived neural cells from familial PD patients and at-risk individuals could be rescued with coenzyme Q(10), rapamycin, or the LRRK2 kinase inhibitor GW5074. Analysis of mitochondrial responses in iPSC-derived neural cells from PD patients carrying different mutations provides insight into convergence of cellular disease mechanisms between different familial forms of PD and highlights the importance of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in this neurodegenerative disease.</P>
Fine structure of the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance inSi28andAl27
Usman, I. T.,Buthelezi, Z.,Carter, J.,Cooper, G. R. J.,Fearick, R. W.,Fö,rtsch, S. V.,Fujita, H.,Fujita, Y.,von Neumann-Cosel, P.,Neveling, R.,Papakonstantinou, P.,Pysmenetska, I.,Richter, A.,Roth American Physical Society 2016 Physical Review C Vol.94 No.2
<P>The isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance in Si-28 and Al-27 has been investigated with high-energy-resolution proton inelastic scattering at E-p = 200 MeV and at scattering angles close to the maximum of Delta L = 2 angular distributions with the K600 magnetic spectrometer of iThemba LABS, South Africa. Characteristic scales are extracted from the observed fine structure with a wavelet analysis and compared for Si-28 with random-phase approximation and second random phase approximation calculations with an interaction derived from the Argonne V18 potential by a unitary transformation. A recent extension of the method to deformed nuclei provides the best description of the data, suggesting the significance of Landau damping.</P>
L. Oxborrow,Helen Goworek,S. Claxton,T. H. Cooper,H. Hill,A. McLaren 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2017 Global Fashion Management Conference Vol.2017 No.07
Clothing longevity supports sustainability, but the paper questions the implementation of this strategy. The research, based on industry and expert experiences, posits the technical possibility of achieving longer-lasting clothing, but identifies norms of agency and interaction within the global clothing supply chain as factors limiting the business case and processes.
Stability of the Broad-line Region Geometry and Dynamics in Arp 151 Over Seven Years
Pancoast, A.,Barth, A. J.,Horne, K.,Treu, T.,Brewer, B. J.,Bennert, V. N.,Canalizo, G.,Gates, E. L.,Li, W.,Malkan, M. A.,Sand, D.,Schmidt, T.,Valenti, S.,Woo, J.-H.,Clubb, K. I.,Cooper, M. C.,Crawford American Astronomical Society 2018 The Astrophysical journal Vol.856 No.2
<P>The Seyfert 1 galaxy Arp 151 was monitored as part of three reverberation mapping campaigns spanning 2008-2015. We present modeling of these velocity-resolved reverberation mapping data sets using a geometric and dynamical model for the broad-line region (BLR). By modeling each of the three data sets independently, we infer the evolution of the BLR structure in Arp 151 over a total of 7 yr and constrain the systematic uncertainties in nonvarying parameters such as the black hole mass. We find that the BLR geometry of a thick disk viewed close to face-on is stable over this time, although the size of the BLR grows by a factor of similar to 2. The dynamics of the BLR are dominated by inflow, and the inferred black hole mass is consistent for the three data sets, despite the increase in BLR size. Combining the inference for the three data sets yields a black hole mass and statistical uncertainty of log(10)(M-BH/M-circle dot) = 6.82(-0.09)(+0.09) with a standard deviation in individual measurements of 0.13 dex.</P>
Gennarino, Vincenzo A.,Singh, Ravi K.,White, Joshua J.,De Maio, A.,Han, K.,Kim, J.Y.,Jafar-Nejad, P.,di Ronza, A.,Kang, H.,Sayegh, Layal S.,Cooper, Thomas A.,Orr, Harry T.,Sillitoe, Roy V.,Zoghbi, Hud Cell Press ; MIT Press 2015 Cell Vol.160 No.6
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a paradigmatic neurodegenerative proteinopathy, in which a mutant protein (in this case, ATAXIN1) accumulates in neurons and exerts toxicity; in SCA1, this process causes progressive deterioration of motor coordination. Seeking to understand how post-translational modification of ATAXIN1 levels influences disease, we discovered that the RNA-binding protein PUMILIO1 (PUM1) not only directly regulates ATAXIN1 but also plays an unexpectedly important role in neuronal function. Loss of Pum1 caused progressive motor dysfunction and SCA1-like neurodegeneration with motor impairment, primarily by increasing Ataxin1 levels. Breeding Pum1<SUP>+/-</SUP> mice to SCA1 mice (Atxn1<SUP>154Q/+</SUP>) exacerbated disease progression, whereas breeding them to Atxn1<SUP>+/-</SUP> mice normalized Ataxin1 levels and largely rescued the Pum1<SUP>+/-</SUP> phenotype. Thus, both increased wild-type ATAXIN1 levels and PUM1 haploinsufficiency could contribute to human neurodegeneration. These results demonstrate the importance of studying post-transcriptional regulation of disease-driving proteins to reveal factors underlying neurodegenerative disease.