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An Overview of Rising CO2 and Climatic Change on Aeroallergens and Allergic Diseases
Lewis H Ziska 대한천식알레르기학회 2020 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.12 No.5
There are a number of implications of climate change in regard to human health. Among these, the role of rising carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature in aeroallergen exposure and associated changes in the start, duration and intensity of the pollen season, and associated consequences in aeroallergens and allergic disease are a primary concern. This review is intended to provide a synopsis of CO2 and climate factors associated with likely changes in aeroallergen biology (indoor and outdoor), including changes in the demography of flowering plants, pollen seasonality, aeroallergen production, and potential biotic and abiotic interactions. These factors, in turn, are compared to clinical trials that have linked aeroallergens to allergic disease and associated health impacts. Finally, suggestions to address unmet needs and critical knowledge gaps are offered. Such recommendations are not meant to be inclusive, but to serve as a spur for the additional research and resources that will be necessary to acquire a better understanding of climate change, CO2, aeroallergens and associated allergic diseases. Such resources will be critical to derive time-relevant scientific and policy solutions that will minimize public health consequences in a changing climate.
Lewis R. Rambo 한국기독교교육정보학회 2011 Journal of Christian education information tech Vol.0 No.19
This paper seeks to discern themes and patterns in our search to make sense of the vicissitudes of current academic disciplines (especially religious education and pastoral psychology) through explorations of the resources of film, culture, and religion/spirituality. These resources provide cutting edge concepts, methods, and theories that can expand the horizons of religious education and pastoral psychology.
Lewis Daniel,Marya Shivan,Carrasco Roberto,Sabou Silviu,Leach John 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.5
Study Design: Retrospective single-center study.Purpose: This study aims to evaluate perioperative and intermediate-term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing different lumbar fusion techniques.Overview of Literature: Various open and minimally invasive techniques for lumbar fusion are available, but previous studies comparing lumbar fusion techniques have heterogeneous data, making interpretation challenging.Methods: Between 2011 and 2018, data from 447 consecutive patients undergoing one/two-level lumbar fusion were analyzed. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with bilateral muscle strip or Wiltse approach, open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and minimally invasive TLIF, and posterolateral fusion only were among the surgical techniques used. Core outcomes measure index (COMI) questionnaires were distributed before surgery and at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively to establish patient selfreported outcome measures. Demographic data (age, gender, and body mass index [BMI]) for each patient were also collected in addition to surgical indication, previous operative history, perioperative outcomes, and complications, and whether later revision surgery was required. Pearson’s chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, repeated measure mixed-effects models, and ordinal logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results: Postoperative COMI scores improved across all procedures compared with pre-surgery (<i>p</i><0.001). There was no significant difference between different postoperative COMI scores. Significant predictors of higher postoperative COMI score included higher pretreatment COMI score (<i>p</i>≤0.001), previous surgery (<i>p</i>≤0.04), younger age (<i>p</i>≤0.05), higher BMI (<i>p</i>≤0.005), and the indications of lytic spondylolisthesis (<i>p</i>=0.02) and degenerative disc disease (<i>p</i><0.001). Patients undergoing minimally invasive TLIF had a significantly shorter post-surgery stay than patients undergoing open PLIF (Kruskal-Wallis test, <i>p</i>=0.03).Conclusions: At 2 years postoperatively, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between open and minimally invasive techniques. These findings suggest that the main determinant of surgical approach should be surgeon preference and training.
Cr3+ doped Al2O3 nanoparticles: Effect of Cr3+ content in intensifying red emission
Lewis Prinston Melroy,N Keerthana,Hebbar N Deepak,Choudhari K.S.,Kulkarni Suresh D. 한국물리학회 2021 Current Applied Physics Vol.32 No.-
Cr3+-doped α-Al2O3 nanoparticles (Al2 xCrxO3, 0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) were synthesized by co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of Cr3+:Al2O3 nanoparticles revealed the crystallite size of ~53 nm and electron microscopy (SEM & TEM) confirmed the spherical nanoparticle formation. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) displayed peaks at 406 and 558 nm corresponding to the Cr3+ transitions which became prominent with the increase in Cr3+ concentration which was also evidenced by the gradually increasing pink coloration of the samples. Photoluminescence (PL) studies showed the sharp red emission at 694 nm (ruby line) which was observed for all samples. The Dq/B value for all samples was found to be greater than 2.3 confirming the presence of Cr3+ ions in the octahedral sites. Chromaticity diagrams displayed the maximum red appearance for the sample with x = 0.01 and a lifetime of 4 ms. The synthesized Cr3+:Al2O3 nanoparticles with smaller crystallite sizes and narrow near monochromatic emission can be used in various applications including sensing, lasing, and bioimaging applications.