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Lewis H. Lee 한국사회적질학회 2019 사회적질연구 Vol.3 No.2
More than 80,000 prisoners in state, federal, and private prisons work for private and for-profit industries in the United States, which is a relatively small, but rapidly growing, portion of the total number of incarcerated individuals. The main purpose of this article is to use critical concepts from Foucauldian theory to explore the relationship between incarceration and labor exploitation in the U.S. prison system. To do this, this article reviews the core Foucauldian concepts and assumptions that are relevant to explaining prison labor; applies those concepts and assumptions to the prison labor issue; and discusses a possible way for conducting an empirical study. Additionally, three implications for social work, policy intervention, and the Korean society in reference to the theory are discussed. This article suggests that understanding Foucault should be a priority to tackle forced control, unequal power, and the immobility of social and economic status embedded in the most marginalized and vulnerable populations.
Lewis Kamande Njaramba,Antony Mutua Nzioka,Young-Ju Kim 국제문화기술진흥원 2020 International Journal of Advanced Culture Technolo Vol.8 No.2
This study investigated the purification process of groundwater contaminated with zinc and arsenic using a permeable reactive barrier with a zero-valent iron/pumice mixture. We determined the removal rates of the contaminants for 30 days. In this study, column reactor filled with the zero-valent iron/pumice reactive mixture was used. Experimental results showed that the mixture exhibited an almost complete removal of the zinc and arsenic ions. Arsenic was removed via co-precipitation and adsorption processes while zinc ions were asorbed in active sites.The purification process of water from the metal ionscontinued for 30 days with constant hydraulic conductivity because of the enhanced porosity of the pumice and interparticle distance between the zero-valent iron and pumice. Contaminants removal rates and the remediation mechanism for each reactive system are described in this paper.
Lewis Daniel,Marya Shivan,Carrasco Roberto,Sabou Silviu,Leach John 대한척추외과학회 2023 Asian Spine Journal Vol.17 No.5
Study Design: Retrospective single-center study.Purpose: This study aims to evaluate perioperative and intermediate-term clinical outcomes of patients undergoing different lumbar fusion techniques.Overview of Literature: Various open and minimally invasive techniques for lumbar fusion are available, but previous studies comparing lumbar fusion techniques have heterogeneous data, making interpretation challenging.Methods: Between 2011 and 2018, data from 447 consecutive patients undergoing one/two-level lumbar fusion were analyzed. Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with bilateral muscle strip or Wiltse approach, open transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) and minimally invasive TLIF, and posterolateral fusion only were among the surgical techniques used. Core outcomes measure index (COMI) questionnaires were distributed before surgery and at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively to establish patient selfreported outcome measures. Demographic data (age, gender, and body mass index [BMI]) for each patient were also collected in addition to surgical indication, previous operative history, perioperative outcomes, and complications, and whether later revision surgery was required. Pearson’s chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, repeated measure mixed-effects models, and ordinal logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results: Postoperative COMI scores improved across all procedures compared with pre-surgery (<i>p</i><0.001). There was no significant difference between different postoperative COMI scores. Significant predictors of higher postoperative COMI score included higher pretreatment COMI score (<i>p</i>≤0.001), previous surgery (<i>p</i>≤0.04), younger age (<i>p</i>≤0.05), higher BMI (<i>p</i>≤0.005), and the indications of lytic spondylolisthesis (<i>p</i>=0.02) and degenerative disc disease (<i>p</i><0.001). Patients undergoing minimally invasive TLIF had a significantly shorter post-surgery stay than patients undergoing open PLIF (Kruskal-Wallis test, <i>p</i>=0.03).Conclusions: At 2 years postoperatively, there was no significant difference in clinical outcomes between open and minimally invasive techniques. These findings suggest that the main determinant of surgical approach should be surgeon preference and training.
Cr3+ doped Al2O3 nanoparticles: Effect of Cr3+ content in intensifying red emission
Lewis Prinston Melroy,N Keerthana,Hebbar N Deepak,Choudhari K.S.,Kulkarni Suresh D. 한국물리학회 2021 Current Applied Physics Vol.32 No.-
Cr3+-doped α-Al2O3 nanoparticles (Al2 xCrxO3, 0.005 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) were synthesized by co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of Cr3+:Al2O3 nanoparticles revealed the crystallite size of ~53 nm and electron microscopy (SEM & TEM) confirmed the spherical nanoparticle formation. Diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS) displayed peaks at 406 and 558 nm corresponding to the Cr3+ transitions which became prominent with the increase in Cr3+ concentration which was also evidenced by the gradually increasing pink coloration of the samples. Photoluminescence (PL) studies showed the sharp red emission at 694 nm (ruby line) which was observed for all samples. The Dq/B value for all samples was found to be greater than 2.3 confirming the presence of Cr3+ ions in the octahedral sites. Chromaticity diagrams displayed the maximum red appearance for the sample with x = 0.01 and a lifetime of 4 ms. The synthesized Cr3+:Al2O3 nanoparticles with smaller crystallite sizes and narrow near monochromatic emission can be used in various applications including sensing, lasing, and bioimaging applications.