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Kang, Minji,Park, Song-Yi,Boushey, Carol J.,Wilkens, Lynne R.,Monroe, Kristine R.,Le Marchand, Loï,c,Kolonel, Laurence N.,Murphy, Suzanne P.,Paik, Hee-Young Elsevier 2018 Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Vol.118 No.9
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Accounting for sex differences in food portions may improve dietary measurement; however, this factor has not been well examined.</P> <P><B>Objective</B></P> <P>The aim of this study was to examine sex differences in reported food portions from 24-hour dietary recalls (24HDRs) among those who selected the same portion size category on a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ).</P> <P><B>Design</B></P> <P>This study was conducted with a cross-sectional design.</P> <P><B>Participants/setting</B></P> <P>Participants (n=319) were members of the Hawaii–Los Angeles Multiethnic Cohort who completed three 24HDRs and a QFFQ in a calibration study conducted in 2010 and 2011.</P> <P><B>Main outcome measures</B></P> <P>Portions of individual foods reported from 24HDRs served as the outcome measures.</P> <P><B>Statistical analyses performed</B></P> <P>Mean food portions from 24HDRs were compared between men and women who reported the same portion size on the QFFQ, after adjustment for race/ethnicity using a linear regression model. Actual amount and the assigned amount of the selected portion size in the QFFQ were compared using one-sample <I>t</I> test for men and women separately.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Of 163 food items with portion size options listed in the QFFQ, 32 were reported in 24HDRs by ≥20 men and ≥20 women who selected the same portion size in the QFFQ. Although they chose the same portion size on the QFFQ, mean intake amounts from 24HDRs were significantly higher for men than for women for “beef/lamb/veal,” “white rice,” “brown/wild rice,” “lettuce/tossed salad,” “eggs cooked/raw,” “whole wheat/rye bread,” “buns/rolls,” and “mayonnaise in sandwiches.” For men, mean portions of 14 items from the 24HDRs were significantly different from the assigned amounts for QFFQ items (seven higher and seven lower), whereas for women, mean portions of 14 items were significantly lower from the assigned amounts (with five significantly higher).</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>These sex differences in reported 24HDR food portions—even among participants who selected the same portion size on the QFFQ—suggest that the use of methods that account for differences in the portions consumed by men and women when QFFQs are quantified may provide more accurate absolute dietary intakes.</P>
New Approaches to Assessing Nutrient Intakes Using the Dietary Reference Intakes
Murphy, Suzanne P. The Korean Nutrition Society 2003 Nutritional Sciences Vol.6 No.1
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI's) are new nutrient intake standards that are being set for the United States and Canada. There are currently four types of DRI's: Estimated Average Requirements (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA), Adequate Intakes (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL). The EAR is the nutrient intake that would be adequate for about half the population, while intake at the RDA should be adequate for 97-98% of the population. When the data are insufficient to set an EAR and RDA, then an AI is set. The UL is the highest intake level that does not pose a risk of adverse effects. The EAR, AI, and UL may be used to assess intakes of both individuals and of groups of people. For individuals, the EAR is used to calculate the probability that intake is inadequate, the AI is used to decide if the probability of inadequacy is low, and the UL is used to determine if a risk of excess intake is present. For groups. the EAR is used to estimate the prevalence of inadequacy, the AI is used to decide if the prevalence of inadequacy is low, and the UL is used to estimate the prevalence of excessive intakes. Because this approach to setting and applying nutrient standards is new, research recommendations include improving estimates of risk, improving dietary data, and improving statistical methods.
( Suzanne P. Murphy ) 한국지질동맥경화학회 ( 구 한국지질학회 ) 2002 韓國脂質學會誌 Vol.12 No.3
In 1991, Mertz and colleagues showed that free-living subjects in nutrition studies routinely under-reported their energy intakes by about 18% compared to their known energy requirements from feeding studies. Other researchers had noted that energy intake
Changes in Dietary Guidance: Implications for Food Composition Tables
Murphy, Suzanne P. The Korean Nutrition Society 2004 Nutritional Sciences Vol.7 No.2
New Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) forthe United States and Canada have recently been set for both macronutrients and micronutrients, and are likely to be of interest to health professionals in Korea as well. DRIs are now available for nutrients that did not have Recommended Dietary Allowances set in the past (amino acids, n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, total fiber, added sugar, choline, boron, nickel, and vanadium). Furthermore, the units for the DRIs do not always match those traditionally carried on food composition tables (FCTs). FCT developers will also need to consider carrying new variables to allow the calculation of folate intake in $\mu$g of dietary folate equivalents, vitamin E intake as mg of a-tocopherol (not as mg of a-tocopherol equivalents), and vitamin A intake as $\mu$g of retinol activity equivalents (not as $\mu$g of retinol equivalents). Because the new recommendations for upper levels of intake sometimes refer to a specific form or source of a nutrient, nutrients occurring in foods must be separated from added or supplemental forms for vitamin E, niacin, and folate; pharmacological magnesium must be carried as a separate variable; and preformed vitamin A must be separated from vitamin A from carotenoids. For more information on the DRIs, see: www.nap.edu.