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Immunomodulatory properties of enzymatic extract of Stichopus japonicus on murine splenocytes
Suyama Prasansali Mihindukulasooriya,Bohyung Kim,Duong Thi Thuy Dinh,Kalahe Hewage Iresha Nadeeka Madushani Herath,Jinhee Cho,Hyo Jin Kim,Jiwon Yang,지영흔 한국수산과학회 2021 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.24 No.8
Red sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus is an invertebrate animal inhabiting in coasts of Korea, China, and Japan. They are traditionally used for food and medicine and well known for their distinctive biologically and pharmacologically important compounds. We investigated the effect of amyloglucosidase (AMG) enzymatic extracts of S. japonicus (AESJ) on the proliferation and cytokine secretion of murine splenocytes stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A). AESJ enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes and the production of IL-2 (Th1 cytokine), IL-1β (Th1 promoting cytokine), and IL-4, IL-10 (Th2 type cytokines) when treated alone. However, under Con A stimulation, AESJ suppressed the proliferation of splenocytes, attenuated the secretion of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and enhanced IL-1β secretion. These results suggest that AESJ exhibits immunomodulatory effect by moderating the proliferation of splenocytes and the secretion of IL-2, IL-1β, IL-4, and IL-10 differently depending on the absence and presence of Con A stimulation. These data evidence the immunomodulatory potential of AESJ, which can be further developed into a functional food mediating homeostasis.
Differentiation of Rat Dermal Mesenchymal Cells and Calcification in Three-Dimensional Cultures
Taiki Suyama,Mitsutoki Hatta,Shozaburo Hata,Hiroyuki Ishikawa,Jun Yamazaki 한국조직공학과 재생의학회 2016 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.13 No.5
Three-dimensional (3D) cultures are known to promote cell differentiation. Previously, we investigated the differentiation of rat dermal fibroblasts to α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive myofibroblasts through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β production using a 3D culture model. Here, we investigated the phenotypic change from dermal mesenchymal cells (mostly fibroblasts) to osteoblast-like cells, being inspired by the roles of smooth muscle cells or fibroblasts during vascular calcification. Spindle-shaped cells that grew in heterologous populations out of dermal explants from 2-day-old Wistar rats were cultured within a collagen matrix. α-SMA and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels initially increased, followed by a rise in Runx2 and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA levels without calcification. Calcium deposits were produced in the presence of a high concentration of inorganic phosphate (2.1 mM) or β-glycerophosphate (βGP, 10 mM) after 2 weeks of culture, and both were sensitive to an inhibitor of type III phosphate transporters. An ALP inhibitor decreased only βGP-induced calcification. Inhibition of TGF-β type-I receptors attenuated ALP mRNA levels and βGP-induced calcification, suggesting that endogenous TGF-β stimulates ALP activity and then βGP breakdown. An increase in the number of cells embedded in the collagen gel enhanced the mRNA levels of Runx2 and OCN, but not of ALP. Collectively, several factors are likely to promote the differentiation of dermal mesenchymal cells into osteoblast-like cells and ectopic calcification in a 3D collagen matrix, implying the utility of these cells as a potential autologous cell source for tissue engineering.
On large N solution of N=3 Chern-Simons-adjoint theories
North Holland 2013 Nuclear physics, B Vol.867 No.3
The planar resolvent for N=3U(N)<SUB>k</SUB> Chern-Simons theory coupled to an arbitrary number of adjoint matters is determined. Analytic continuation of the @?t Hooft coupling t is analyzed. The eigenvalue distribution turns out to be confined in a finite region even for a large t. The vev of a Wilson loop does not exhibit an exponential growth although such a behavior would be expected for theories with classical gravity duals.
Eigenvalue distributions in matrix models for Chern-Simons-matter theories
North Holland 2012 Nuclear physics, B Vol.856 No.2
The eigenvalue distribution is investigated for matrix models related via the localization to Chern-Simons-matter theories. An integral representation of the planar resolvent is used to derive the positions of the branch points of the planar resolvent in the large @?t Hooft coupling limit. Various known exact results on eigenvalue distributions and the expectation value of Wilson loops are reproduced.
IOP Publishing Ltd 2005 Journal of high energy physics Vol.2005 No.5
We discuss condensations of closed string tachyons localized in compact spaces. Time evolution of an on-shell condensation is naturally related to the worldsheet RG flow. Some explicit tachyonic compactifications of Type II string theory is considered, and some of them are shown to decay into supersymmetric theories known as the little string theories.
Colburn, Deanna,Suyama, Joe,Reis, Steven E.,Hostler, David Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.2
Background: Recommendations have been proposed for minimum aerobic fitness among firefighters but it is unclear if those criteria relate to performance on the fireground. Less fit individuals fatigue more quickly than fit individuals when working at comparable intensity and may have gait changes, increasing risk of falls. We evaluated the effect of fatigue during a live burn evolution on gait parameters and functional balance comparing them to aerobic fitness levels. Methods: A total of 24 firefighters had gait and balance tested before and after a live burn evolution. Data were stratified by aerobic fitness of greater/less than 14 metabolic equivalents (METs). Results: Analysis of gait cycles measurements before and after the live burn evolution revealed that single leg stance, cycle, and swing time decreased (p < 0.05) but there were no differences in the other measures. There were no differences in time to complete the functional balance test, or errors committed before or after a live burn evolution. When firefighters were sorted by fitness level of 14 METs, there were no differences for errors or time before or after the live burn evolution. Balance data were analyzed using a linear regression. Individuals with lower fitness levels required more time to complete the test. Conclusion: A 14-MET criterion failed to distinguish gait or balance characteristics in this group. However, less fit firefighters did require more time to complete the balance test (p = 0.003). Aerobic fitness alone does not predict gait changes among firefighters following a live burn evolution but does appear to influence functional balance.