Somatic Symptoms as Mediating Factors between the Perceived Social Support and the Health-Related Quality of Life in North Korean Defectors

SungDoo Won,SoHee Lee,SeogJu Kim,JinYong Jun,SangSoo Shin 대한신경정신의학회 2017 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.14 No.4

Objective-This study was conducted to examine the mediating effect of somatic symptoms between perceived social support and health-related quality of life among North Korean defectors living in South Korea. Methods-A total of 200 North Korean defectors were assessed using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Short-Form 8-Item Health Survey, the Patient Health Questionnaire 15, the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. Results-Somatic symptoms accounted for physical health-related quality of life after controlling for PTSD and depressive symptoms, but did not for mental health-related quality of life. Moreover, somatic symptoms mediated the relationship between perceived social support and physical and mental health-related quality of life, indicating that perceived social support indirectly affects physical and mental health-related quality of life through somatic symptoms in North Korean defectors. Conclusion-The results of this study suggest that not only intervention for PTSD or depressive symptoms but also for somatic symptoms might be effective to improve physical and mental health-related quality of life for North Korean defectors, especially those who have a lack of perceived social support.

Exploration of Biological Markers of Suicidal Behavior in Major Depressive Disorder

YongKu Kim,SungDoo Won,JiWon Hur,BunHee Lee,HwaYoung Lee,SeHoon Shim,SangWoo Han,SoHyun Choi 대한신경정신의학회 2007 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.4 No.1

Objective-Most suicides occur in the context of depressive disorders. In this study, new candidate biological markers for suicide were explored. Methods-The suicidal subjects consisted of 48 depressed patients (18 males and 30 females) admitted to emergency rooms following suicide attempts. The levels of nitric oxide, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), beta-nerve growth factor (β-NGF), and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) were measured in the plasma of these 48 patients and 50 normal controls. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured in the culture supernatant after mitogen stimulation of whole blood from both groups. The lethality of the suicide attempt was measured using the Lethality Suicide Attempt Rating Scale (LSARS), and the Risk-Rescue Rating (RRR). Results-The suicidal depressed patients had significantly higher IL-6, TGF-β1, and nitric oxide (NO) levels compared with the normal controls after controlling for body mass. On the other hand, the BDNF, IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ levels were lower in the suicidal depressed patients than in the normal controls. The NO levels in the suicidal depressed patients were negatively significantly correlated with the LSARS and RRR scores. The IFN-γ levels in the suicidal depressed patients were positively correlated with the LSARS scores, but their TGF-β1 levels were negatively correlated with the LSARS scores. When the suicidal behaviors were divided into violent or nonviolent, the IL-6 and IFN-γ levels of the violent suicidal patients were significantly higher than those of the nonviolent suicidal patients. Conclusions-These results suggest that BDNF, NO, and cytokines could be useful as biological markers of suicidal behavior in major depression.

긍정적.부정적 사전반추와 주의분산이 대학생의 사회불안에 미치는 영향

정정인(Jungin Jung),김은정(Eunjung Kim),원성두(Sungdoo Won) 인지발달중재학회 2020 인지발달중재학회지 Vol.11 No.4

연구목적: 본 연구는 사회불안경향이 있는 대학생을 대상으로, 긍정적 및 부정적 사전반추와 주의분산 조건이 사회불안을 포함한 여러 인지적 변인에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 사회불안경향이 있는 대학생 53명을 긍정적 사전반추(n = 17), 부정적 사전반추(n = 17), 주의 분산 조건(n = 19)에 무선 할당하여 상태불안과 가능성 및 대가 편향에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위해 발표 전과 후에 상태-특성 불안척도(STAI)와 사회 염려 평가 척도(ASC), 자기초점적 주의 척도(SFA)를 실시하고 자신의 수행을 평정하도록 하였다. 연구결과: 첫 번째로, 주의분산 조건과 비교하여 부정적 사전반추 조건에서 조건 유도 전과 비교하여 조건 유도 후에 불안이 증가하였다. 두 번째로, 가능성 및 대가 편향과 관련해서는 모든 조건에서 조건 유도 후 사회적 상황에서 부정적인 일이 일어날 가능성을 더욱 높게 평가하였다. 그리고 부정적 사전반추 조건에서는 조건 유도 전과 비교하여 조건 유도 후에 사회적 상황에서 부정적인 일로 인한 대가가 더욱 클 것이라 예상하였으나, 주의 분산 조건에서는 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며 긍정적 사전반추 조건에서 조건 유도 전과 후 변화가 유의미하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 세 번째로 자기 초점적 주의 및 수행과 관련하여서는 다른 조건과 비교하여 부정적 사전반추 조건의 참가자들은 자신의 수행에 주의를 기울이는 것으로 나타났으며, 자신의 수행을 낮게 예상하고 발표 후에도 수행을 낮게 평가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구 결과는 사회불안에 있어서 사전반추에 대한 중요성과 함께 부정적 사전반추를 감소시키기 위한 치료적 개입의 필요성을 시사한다. Objective: The present study examined the effects of positive, negative pre-event rumination and distraction during a speech task in 53 high socially anxious individuals. Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to an positive (n = 17) or negative pre-event rumination (n = 17) or distraction (n = 19). Participant’s initially completed state based measures and either engaged in positive or negative pre-event rumination or distraction task. Then, participants completed the State-Trait Anxiety (STAI) and cognitive measures (possibility and cost bias, self-focused attention, Performance appraisal) before and after a speech task. Results: Result revealed that compared to distraction, participants engaging in negative pre-event rumination showed significantly increased state anxiety. Additionally, although possibility bias were increased in all conditions, participants who distracted reported reduced cost bias and those who engaged in negative pre-event rumination reported increased cost bias. Also, participants who engaged in negative pre-event rumination focused on their performance and expected to perform poorly, and rated their speech performance as poorer than distraction. Conclusion: This result suggests that pre-event rumination is significant with respect to social anxiety, and therapeutic intervention is necessary to reduce negative pre-rumination.

평가염려 완벽주의와 우울과의 관계: 자기비난을 통한 자기자비불안의 조절된 매개효과

이새미(Saemi Lee),김은정(Kimeun Jung),원성두(Sungdoo Won) 인지발달중재학회 2021 인지발달중재학회지 Vol.12 No.4

연구목적: 본 연구는 평가염려 완벽주의와 우울의 관계를 통합적으로 이해하기 위한 설명 모델을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 평가염려 완벽주의와 우울간의 관계를 자기비난이 매개하고, 자기비난이 우울에 미치는 영향을 자기자비불안이 조절하는지 확인하고자 조절된 매개효과를 검증하였다. 연구방법: 성인 317명(남자 114명, 여자 203명)을 대상으로 Frost의 다차원적 완벽주의 척도(FMPS)와 Hewitt와 Flett의 다차원적 완벽주의 척도(HMPS), 자비 불안 척도, 우울 경험 질문지, 한국판 역학조사 센터 우울 척도로 구성된 질문지를 실시하였다. 연구결과: 자료분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 평가염려 완벽주의와 우울 간의 관계에서 자기비난이 완전 매개하는 것을 확인하였다. 둘째, 자기비난이 우울에 미치는 영향은 자기자비불안에 의해 조절되는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로, 평가염려 완벽주의가 자기비난을 통해 우울에 영향을 미치는 과정을 자기자비불안이 조절하는 조절된 매개효과가 유의미하였다. 결론: 본 연구의 결과는 우울증의 효과적인 치료를 위해 평가염려 완벽주의, 자기비난, 자기자비불안 등 핵심 인지적 요인을 고려한 인지적 중재가 필요하다는 경험적 증거를 제공한다. Objectives: This study examined the moderated mediating effect of fear of compassion for self through self-criticism on the relationship between evaluative concerned perfectionism and depression. Methods: A total of 317 adults completed measures assessing their self-evaluative concerns about perfectionism, self-criticism, fear of compassion for self, and depression. Results: The results were as follows. First, self-criticism fully mediated the relationship between evaluative concerned perfectionism and depression. Second, the relationship between self-criticism and depression was moderated by fear of compassion for one self. Conclusions: The results of this study provide evidence for effective therapeutic intervention(e.g., self-compassion-focused cognitive behavioral therapies) for depression, considering cognitive components such as evaluative concerns perfectionism and self-criticism. Additionally, fear of compassion for self moderated the mediating effect of evaluative concerned perfectionism on depression through self-criticism.