자동차 탑승자 사고에서 외상계수를 이용한 구급대원의 중증도 분류 평가

김상철 ( Sang Chul Kim ),김병우 ( Byung Woo Kim ),탁양주 ( Yang Ju Tak ),이상희 ( Sang Hee Lee1 ) 대한외상학회 2013 大韓外傷學會誌 Vol.26 No.3

Purpose: The assessment of trauma patients in the prehospital setting is difficult, but appropriate field triage is critical to the prognosis of trauma patients. We sought to evaluate the triage given by the emergency medical technicians (EMTs) using the trauma score to patients injured in motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). Methods: From June 2012 to July 2012, questionnaires were distributed to EMTs, who had transported injured patients to the study hospital. Scene records, photos of the damaged vehicle, and ambulance run sheets were used to provide physiologic, physical, and mechanistic information about the MVC. To evaluate the appropriateness of the injury assessment by EMTs, we compared their impressions with the hospital`s final diagnosis within a 3 level triage system comprising both the maximum abbreviated injury scale (MAIS) and the injury severity score (ISS). Kappa (k) was calculated to evaluate the agreement between the triage by EMTs and the triage based on hospital`s final diagnosis. Results: A total of 91 patients were analyzed by 31 EMTs. The percentage of males was 57.1%, the mean age was 44.5, and the mean MAIS and ISS were 2.7 and 16.6 respectively. While EMTs correctly diagnosed patient injuries to the extremities in 35.7%, and to the neck in 32.1%, pelvic injuries were missed in 80.0%. The agreement between the triage by the EMTs and the triage based on the hospital`s final diagnosis was 62.6%(k=0.366) by the MAIS and 50.5%(k=0.234) by the ISS. The kappa value was higher in EMT-I than in EMT-II. Conclusion: In MVC, the assessment of injured patients by EMT-I was more appropriate, and the 3-level triage method based on the MAIS could contribute to a more accurate triage. Prospective studies to search for appropriate methods of field triage are required for programming practical education for EMTs.

Poster Session : Identification of Xenopus Laevis TRPV1

( Sang Hee Lee ),( Won Sik Shim ),( Mi Sook Kim ),( Yeon Jong Lee ),( Jun Hee Pyo ),( Mi Hyun Lee ),( Kyung Ha Shin ),( Yong Woo Jang ),( Min Ho Tak ),( Sang Seong Kim ),( Jae Yeon Koo ),( Young Duk Y 한국생화학분자생물학회 (구 한국생화학회) 2006 생화학분자생물학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

Fatigue Damage Model for Numerical Assessment of Fatigue Characteristics

Lee, Chi Seung,Kim, Myung Hyun,Chun, Min Sung,Lee, Tak Kee,Lee, Jae Myung Trans Tech Publications, Ltd. 2008 Materials science forum Vol.580 No.-

<P>The aim of this study is the development of a numerical technique applicable for the fatigue assessment based on the damage mechanics approach. The generalized elasto-visco-plastic constitutive equation, which can consider the internal damage evolution behavior, is developed in order to numerically evaluate the material fatigue responses. Explicit information of the relationships between the mechanical properties and material constants, which are required for the mechanical constitutive and damage evolution equations, are derived. The performance of the developed technique has been verified using the S-N relationship assessment for STS304 stainless steel.</P>

Performance Improvement of a Bidirectional DC-DC Converter for Battery Chargers using an LCLC Filter

Sang-Ho Moon,Sung-Tak Jou,Kyo-Beum Lee 대한전기학회 2015 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.10 No.2

In this paper, a battery charger is introduced for an interleaved DC-DC converter with an LCLC filter. To improve the overall performance of the DC-DC converter for battery charger, a method is proposed. First, the structure of the system is presented. Second, an LC filter is compared to an LCLC filter in terms of the response characteristics and size. Third, the small-signal model of a bidirectional DC-DC converter using a state-space averaging method and the required transfer functions are introduced. Next, the frequency characteristics of the converter are discussed. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are analyzed to verify the proposed state space of the bidirectional converter.

Characteristics of All-Fiber Tunable Drop/Pass Filter

Sang Yeon Cho,Jong Hoon Lim,Young Tak Lee,Kyung Shik Lee,Yong Hyub Won 한국통신학회 1997 OPTOELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE Vol.2 No.1

Incorporating Erlotinib or Irinotecan Plus Cisplatin into Chemoradiotherapy for Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer According to <i>EGFR</i> Mutation Status

Lee, Youngjoo,Han, Ji-Youn,Moon, Sung Ho,Nam, Byung-Ho,Lim, Kun Young,Lee, Geon Kook,Kim, Heung Tae,Yun, Tak,An, Hye Jin,Lee, Jin Soo 대한암학회 2017 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.49 No.4

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard care for stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients; however, a more effective regimen is needed to improve the outcome by better controlling occult metastases. We conducted two parallel randomized phase II studies to incorporate erlotinib or irinotecan-cisplatin (IP) into CCRT for stage III NSCLC depending on epidermal growth factor receptor (<I>EGFR</I>) mutation status.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>Patients with <I>EGFR</I>-mutant tumors were randomized to receive three cycles of erlotinib first and then either CCRT with erlotinib followed by erlotinib (arm A) or CCRT with IP only (arm B). Patients with <I>EGFR</I> unknown or wild-type tumors were randomized to receive either three cycles of IP before (arm C) or after CCRT with IP (arm D).</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Seventy-three patients were screened and the study was closed early because of slow accrual after 59 patients were randomized. Overall, there were seven patients in arm A, five in arm B, 22 in arm C, and 25 in arm D. The response rate was 71.4% and 80.0% for arm A and B, and 70.0% and 73.9% for arm C and D. The median overall survival (OS) was 39.3 months versus 31.2 months for arm A and B (p=0.442), and 16.3 months versus 25.3 months for arm C and D (p=0.050). Patients with sensitive <I>EGFR</I> mutations had significantly longer OS than <I>EGFR</I>-wild patients (74.8 months vs. 25.3 months, p=0.034). There were no unexpected toxicities.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Combined-modality treatment by molecular diagnostics is feasible in stage III NSCLC. <I>EGFR</I>-mutant patients appear to be a distinct subset with longer survival.</P>

Three-dimensional morphometric analysis of mandibule in coronal plane after bimaxillary rotational surgery

Lee, Sung-Tak,Choi, Na-Rae,Song, Jae-Min,Shin, Sang-Hun Korean Association of Maxillofacial Plastic and Re 2016 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.38 No.-

Background: The aim of this report is to present a new reference for aesthetic mandible surgery using three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography-based treatment planning for orthognathic surgery which can be implemented in surgical planning and perioperative procedure. Methods: To make an objective standard for evaluating aesthetic mandibular outline, we make an aesthetic scoring criteria with consideration of asymmetry, broad mandibular border line, and prominent mandibular angle. Two maxillofacial surgeons and two orthodontists rated their aesthetical evaluation from 1 to 5. Experimental group consisting of 47 female and 38 male patients who had rotational orthognathic two-jaw surgery from 2010 to 2011 were chosen according to aesthetic scoring done by two maxillofacial surgeons and two orthodontists. A high aesthetic score (${\geq}16$) means the facial contour is symmetric, with no broad and narrow aesthetic mandible frontal profiles. Control A group consisted of ten female and ten male patients who had no orthognathic surgery experience and low aesthetic score (${\geq}10$). Control B group consisted of ten female and ten male patients who had no orthognathic surgery experience and had anaesthetic mandibular frontal profile and a high aesthetic score (${\geq}16$). The three-dimensional image of the patient was taken from dental cone-beam CT (DCT) scanning (experimental group and control A group: 6 months DCT after surgery, control B group: 1st visit DCT). Each DCT was reformatted to reorient the 3D image using 3D analyzing program (OnDemand3D, cybermed Inc, CA, USA). After selection of 12 landmarks and the construction of reoriented horizontal, vertical, and coronal reference lines, 15 measurements were taken in 3D analysis of frontal mandibular morphology. Afterwards, horizontal and vertical linear measurements and angular measurements, linear ratio were obtained. Results: Mean $Go^{\prime}_{Rt}-Me^{\prime}-Go^{\prime}_{Lt}$ angular measurement was $100.74{\pm}2.14$ in female patients and $105.37{\pm}3.62$ in male patients. These showed significant difference with control A group in both genders. Ratio of $Go^{\prime}_{Rt}-Go^{\prime}_{Lt}-Me^{\prime}$ length to some linear measurements (ratio of $Me^{\prime}-Cd^{\prime}_{Rt}Cd^{\prime}_{Lt}$ to $Me^{\prime}-Go^{\prime}_{Rt}Go^{\prime}_{Lt}$, ratio of $Me^{\prime}-Go^{\prime}$ to $Me^{\prime}-Go^{\prime}_{Rt}Go^{\prime}_{Lt}$, ratio of $Go^{\prime}_{Rt}-Go^{\prime}_{Lt}$ to $Me^{\prime}-Go^{\prime}_{Rt}Go^{\prime}_{Lt}$) showed significant difference with control A group in both genders. Conclusion: This study was intended to find some standard measurement of mandible frontal view in 3D analysis of aesthetic patient. So, these potential measurement value may be helpful for orthognathic treatment planning to have more aesthetic and perspective outcomes.

Pseudocubic-based polymorphic phase boundary structures and their effect on the piezoelectric properties of (Li,Na,K)(Nb,Sb)O₃-SrZrO₃ lead-free ceramics

Lee, Ku-Tak,Kim, Dae-Hyeon,Cho, Sung-Hoon,Kim, Jeong-Seog,Ryu, Jungho,Ahn, Chel-Woo,Lee, Tae-Ho,Kim, Gyeung-Ho,Nahm, Sahn Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.784 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>CuO-added 0.96(Li<SUB>x</SUB>Na<SUB>0.5-x</SUB>K<SUB>0.5</SUB>)(Nb<SUB>1-y</SUB>Sb<SUB>y</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB>-0.04SrZrO<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics were sintered at 1020 °C for 6 h. Various crystal structures were synthesized in these specimens by controlling the Li<SUB>2</SUB>CO<SUB>3</SUB> (x) and Sb<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>5</SUB> (y) contents: pseudocubic, orthorhombic-pseudocubic polymorphic phase boundary (PPB), tetragonal-pseudocubic PPB, orthorhombic-tetragonal-pseudocubic PPB, and orthorhombic-tetragonal PPB structures. The pseudocubic structure developed in these specimens was similar to the <I>R</I>3<I>m</I> rhombohedral structure instead of the <I>Pm3m</I> cubic structure because the specimens with a pure pseudocubic structure showed good ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. The piezoelectric properties of the specimens were influenced by their crystal structures. The specimen with the tetragonal-pseudocubic PPB structure showed the best piezoelectric properties because this structure was similar to the tetragonal-rhombohedral morphotropic phase boundary structure developed in Pb(Zr<SUB>1-x</SUB>Ti<SUB>x</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB>-based ceramics. In particular, the specimen with the tetragonal-pseudocubic PPB structure corresponding to x = 0.05 and y = 0.065 showed the largest <I>d</I> <SUB> <I>33</I> </SUB> and <I>k</I> <SUB> <I>p</I> </SUB> values of 431 pC/N and 0.43, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A schematic phase diagram of the (Li,Na,K)(Nb,Sb)O<SUB>3</SUB>-SrZrO<SUB>3</SUB> ceramics was constructed. </LI> <LI> The specimen with x = 0.05 has a tetragonal-rhombohedral PPB structure. </LI> <LI> This specimen showed the highest piezoelectric properties (<I>d</I> <SUB> <I>33</I> </SUB> = 431 pC/N and <I>k</I> <SUB> <I>p</I> </SUB> = 0.43). </LI> <LI> This specimen maintains a high <I>d</I> <SUB> <I>33</I> </SUB> value of 400 pC/N at 150 °C. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Identification of Impact Factors in Ship-to-Ship Mooring Through Sensitivity Analysis

Lee, Sang-Won,Lee, Hyeong-Tak,Kim, Dae-Gun,Cho, Ik-Soon Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research 2019 한국항해항만학회지 Vol.43 No.5

With the recent increase in the volume of liquid cargo transportation, there is a need for STS( Ship To Ship) globally. In the case of the STS mooring, the safety assessment should be conducted according to other criteria because mooring is different from the general mooring at the quay, but there is no separate standard in Korea. Thus in this study, STS mooring simulation and sensitivity analysis using OPTIMOOR program, the numerical analysis program, was conducted to identify the characteristics of the STS mooring. The target sea modeled the Yeosu port anchorage in Korea and the target ship was selected as the case of VLCC (Very Large Crude Oil Carrier)-VLCC. Through the numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis, the characteristics of STS mooring were identified. Also based on these results, we focused on establishing the standard for STS mooring safety assessment. Numerical simulation results show that the STS mooring safety can be changed according to a ship's cargo loading condition, pre-tension of mooring line, sea depth, encounter angle with the weather, and the weather condition. Additionally, the risk matrix is prepared to establish the safe external force range in the corresponding sea area. This result can be used to understand the mooring characteristics of STS and contribute to the revision of mooring safety assessment criteria.

Aluminum Nitride Ceramic Substrates-Bonded Vertical Light-Emitting Diodes

Tak Jeong,Kang Ho Kim,Seung Jae Lee,Sang Hern Lee,Seong Ran Jeon,Sue Hyun Lim,Jong Hyeob Baek,Lee, J.K. IEEE 2009 Photonics Technology Letters Vol.21 No.13

<P>We confirmed the potential of an aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate to be used as a bonding material for the high current operation of vertical light-emitting diodes (VLEDs). For the electrical connection to the top and bottom of the AlN substrate, via-holes were formed by laser drilling and then filled with Ag, which plays a role in improving the thermal dissipation from the VLEDs. The forward voltage of the fabricated AlN-bonded VLEDs was 3.54 V at 350 mA, which is similar to that of the Si-bonded VLEDs. It was also found that the light output power of the AlN-bonded VLEDs increased steadily with increasing injection current up to 1 A, while that of the Si-bonded VLEDs started to decrease at around 850 mA. In addition, the thermal resistance of the AlN-bonded VLEDs was significantly reduced, as compared with that of the Si-bonded VLEDs and conventional LEDs, under the same package conditions.</P>