중ㆍ고등학생 응급처치 지식수준에 관한 실태 조사

홍경용,남철현,최상복,위광복,김기열 韓國保健敎育.健康增進學會 2001 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.18 No.3

This study was conducted to examine middle and high school students' knowledge level of first aid, health promotion, and safety. Data were collected from 1.165 students from March 6, 2000 to April 4, 2000. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1.80.1% of the respondents felt the necessity of first aid. The sources of information about methods of first arid were school (43.9%), mass media (15.6%), and self-study (10.5%). 30.0% of them never leaned the methods of first aid. 2.In the case of obtaining information on first aid through mass media, 58.2% of them got it from TV. 7.3% of them obtained it from magazines, while 5.8% of them got it from newspapers. According to their viewpoints of adequate time to teach the methods of first aid, 38.6% of them thought that the methods had to be taught in the primary school and 25.2% of them thought that they had to be taught in the kindergarten. 24.9% of them replied that the methods had to be taught in the middle school, while 11.3% of them replied that they had to be taught in the high school. 3.The points for knowledge of first aid were 98.29±20.91 on the basis of 150 points (65.5 points on the basis of 100 points). The points showed significant differences in the variables of sex, education level, numbers of siblings, parents' education level, and guardian's occupation.

실리카흄을 흔입한 고강도 콘크리트 개발

홍창우,김태경,김경진,김성환,김남윤,심도식,이정호,윤청호,백민경,원치문,박제선,이주형,정경일 강원대학교 석재복합신소재제품연구센터 1996 석재연 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

콘크리트 구조물이 대형화됨에 따라 설계단면이 증대되어 상대적으로 많은 경제적 손실을 부담하게 된다. 따라서 단면을 감소시키면서도 소요의 하중에 안전한 구조물을 건설하기 위해서는 우선적으로 구조물 건설에 기초가 되는 고품질, 고내구성의 고강도 콘크리트 개발이 절실히 요구된다 본 연구에서는 일정 시멘트비 및 혼화재 비율하에서 소요의 워커빌리티가 확보되는 고강도 콘크리트를 시간과 온도의 변화에 따라 증기 양생하여, 압축, 인장, 휨강도 뿐만 아니라 파괴특성을 실험적으로 연구하였다. 시료 제작시 시멘트 입자 사이의 공극 및 불연속 영역을 충전하여 고밀도화하기 위한 콘크리트용 혼화재로 시멘트 비표면적이 상당히 작은 초미립 분말인 실리카흄을 이용하였다. 또한 AE감수제 및 고성능 유동화제를 사용하여 혼화재의 첨가에 의하여 발생될 수 있는 워커빌리티의 감소를 방지하였다. 실험결과에 의하면 일정 양생 지속 시간하에서 온도의 증가에 따라 콘크리트의 압축, 인장 및 휨강도가 전반적으로 증가하였다. 동일하게 일정 온도하에서 양생 지속시간이 커짐에 따라 강도들이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 상대적으로 높은 온도와 긴 지속 양생 조건하에서 파괴에 대한 저항력이 크게 나타났다. The compressible, tensible, and flexibleresistance of the high strength concrete is analyzed by the experimentation in the present study. For the test, we cure several samples with the silica fume as a mixture being become dense the spaces between the particle of cement under the variation of both the temperature and the curing-interval. Then, the superplasticizer and the ezcon are also used to satisfy the required workability for construction. The compressible, tensible, and flexible resistances to a stress are increased as increasing the temperature and the time interval for the curing. Therefore it is concluded that the overal fractural and mechanical properties is improved by mixing the silica fume into the cement.

입원환자를 대상으로 한 대집단 싸이코드라마의 치료요인 연구

이후경,김선재,윤성철,이규항,홍향희,함웅 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 본 연구는 개인정신치료와 집단정신치료의 훈련을 받은 정신과 의사라면 누구든지 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 우리나라 입원환자에게 적합한 대집단 싸이코드라마의 모델을 개발하고, 이를 입원환자에게 적용한 후 치료요인을 조사하여, 입원환자 치료에 도움이 되고자 하는 목적으로 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 본 연구는 1998년 3월부터 1998년 9월까지 계요병원 입원환자 싸이코드라마에 참가한 모든 환자들과, 보조자아로 참석한 모든 치료팀을 대상으로 하였다. 대상자는 환자가 346명(남자 152명, 여자 194명)이었고, 치료팀은 총 60명이었다. 환자에게는 13가지 치료요인 척도, 싸이코드라마에 대한 일반적인 태도 척도, 도움이 되었던 점에 대해 기술하도록 한 설문지를 사용하였으며, 치료팀에게는 13가지 치료요인과 환자에게 도움이 되었던 점에 대해 기술하도록 한 설문지를 사용하였다. 환자집단은 관객, 보조자아의 역할을 한 환자, 공유(sharing)시간에 참여한 환자, 주인공으로 나누어 치료요인을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 먼저, 환자의 관점에서 본 치료요인은 다음과 같다. 1) 싸이코드라마에서의 역할에 관계없이 거의 대부분의 환자집단에서 실존적 인지와 일차가족집단의 교정적 감정경험을 매우 중시하였다. 2) 주인공, 보조자아의 역할을 한 환자, 공유시간에 참여한 환자와 같이 어떤 형태로든 싸이코드라마에 직접적으로 참여한 환자들은 사회화 기술의 발달을 중시하였으며, 보다 직접적인 형태인 행동으로 참가한 주인공이나 보조자아의 경우 카타르시스를 중시하였다. 3) 주인공을 제외한 모든 환자들은 희망의 고취를 중시하였다. 4) 관객의 경우 치료자와 환자에 대한 동일시와 보편성을 중시하였다. 환자와의 동일시는 공유에 참가한 환자의 경우 특히 중시하였고, 보편성은 보조자아로 참가한 환자의 경우 또한 중시하였다. 다음으로 치료팀이 평가한 치료요인을 환자들이 평가한 치료요인과 비교하면, 치료팀은 환자들보다 집단응집력을 더 중시하였으며, 반면 환자들이 중시한 사회화 기술의 발달과 치료자나 환자에 대한 동일시는 매우 낮게 평가하였다. 결 론 : 환자들의 역할에 따라 세분화하여 조사한 치료요인을 통해 입원환자 대집단 싸이코드라마의 특성과 환자의 역할에 따른 치료요인의 특성을 파악할 수 있었다. 본 모델은 입원환자 치료에 쉽게 적용될 수 있었으며, 전체적으로 많은 환자들에게 도움이 되었다. Objectives : This study was performed to make a model of large group psychodrama suitable for Korean inpatients and easy for psychiatrists trained in the individual psychotherapy and the group psychotherapy to use, to investigate the therapeutic factors after applying this model to inpatients, and then to contribute to the treatment of inpatients. Methods : The study subjects were all the inpatients and the therapists(the auxiliary ego's) who participated in psychodrama from March 1998 to September 1998. The subjects were composed of 346 inpatients (152 males, 194 female) and 60 therapists. To the inpatients 13-Therapeutic Factors Scale, Scale of General Attitude to Psychodrama, and the Questionnaire describing helpful things in psychodrama were administerd. To the therapists 13-Therapeutic Factors Scale and the Questionnaire describing helpful things in psychodrama were administered. The inpatient group were divided into 4 groups(the audience, the auxiliary ego's, the participants in sharing, the protagonists). The therapeutic factors among 4 groups were compared. Results : First, the therapeutic factors described by the inpatients group were as follows : 1) Most inpatients made great account of ‘existential factor’ and ‘the corrective recapitulation of the primary family group’ regardless of their roles in psychodrama. 2) The inpatients who participated in psychodrama directly as the protagonists, the auxiliary ego's, or the participants in sharing made much account of ‘development of socializing techniques’. The inpatients who participated in psychodrama more directly as the protagonists or the auxiliary ego's made much account of ‘catharsis’. 3) All the inpatients except the protagonists made much account of ‘instillation of hope’. 4) The audience made much account of 'identification' and 'universality'. Especially,'identification with members' was much accounted of by the participants in sharing. ‘Universality’ also was much accounted of by the auxiliary ego's. Next, when we compared the therapeutic factors in the inpatient group with those in the therapist group, the therapist group made much account of ‘group cohesiveness’ which the inpatient group made little account of. And the therapist group made no account of ‘development of socializing techniques’which the inpatient group made much account of. Conclusion : By dividing the inpatient group according to their roles, we found the characteristics of the inpatient large group psychodrama and of the therapeutic factors according to the roles of the inpatients. This model could be applied to the treatment for the inpatients easily and was helpful to many inpatients on the whole.

Metallo-β-lactamase 생성 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 및 포도당 비발효그람음성간균의 검출방법에 관한 연구

신경섭,김원식,손재철,홍승복,최재운,형성민 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2003 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.13 No.2

연구목적: Metallo-β-lactamse (MBL)는 carbepenem를 포함하는 대부분의 β-lactam 항균제를 가수분해할 수 있으므로 MBL 생성균의 확산은 이들 균에 의한 감염의 치료에 큰 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 따라서 MBL 생성균에 의한 감염의 확산을 막기 위해 이들 균의 조기 검출이 필요하다. 저자들은 MBL 생성균을 검출할 수 있는 세 가지 방법을 PCR 방법과 비교하여 보았다. 재료 및 방법: Imipenem의 MIC가 8 μg/mL 이상인 50개의 포도당 비발효 그람음성 간균을 대상으로 EDTA-double disk synergy test (EDTA-DDS), Etest MBL, Hodge 변법을 시행하였으며 대조 검사로 IMP-1, VIM-1, VIM-2에 대한 PCR을 시행하였다. 결과: 총 50 균주 중 MBL 생성균은 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1 균주, Alcaligenens xylosxidans 7 균주 등 8 균주(16%)가 검출되었다. 이들 균주는 모두 VIM-2 형이었으며, EDTA-DDS, Etest MBL은 PCR 방법과 100% 일치하였다. Hodge 변법은 8 MBL 생성균주 중 2 균주를 검출하지 못했다. 결론: 50 균주 중 8 균주가 MBL 생성균이었고 모두 VIM-2 형이었다. Etest MBL은 가격이 비싸 검사실에서는 EDTA-DDS가 적당할 것으로 사료된다. Purpose: Because metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) has activity to hydrolysls against most β-lactam drugs, dissemination of MBL producing bacteria may cause problems of treatment of infection by their microorganisms. Early detection or screening for MBLs will contribute to prevent further spread of resistance. Authors compared three MBL detection methods with PCR for MBLs. Materials and Methods: For 50 isolates of g1ucose nonfermentative gram negative bacilli with reduced susceptability against imipenem (MIC≥8 μg/mL), EDTA-double disk synergy (EDTA-DDS), Etest MBL and modified Hodge test were compared with PCR detection method for MBLs. Results: Among 50 isolates of glucose nonfermentative microorganisms, eight MBL producers including a Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 7 Alcaligenes xylosoxidans were detected. Those isolates were VIM-2 producer. The results of EDTA-DDS and Etest MBL completely agreed with PCR for MBL detection. Two isolates among eight MBL Producers were not detected in modified Hodge test. Conclusion: All of MBL producing bacteria were VIM-2 genotype. In conclusion, EDTA-DDS may be useful method for MBL detection in clinical laboratory due to high cost of Etest MBL strip.

응급의료센터 과밀화 해소를 위한 환자 전원

이경룡,구홍두,박인철,김승환,장석준,심호식 대한응급의학회 1995 대한응급의학회지 Vol.6 No.2

To reduce the degree of overcrowding in level Ⅲ emergency care centers, authors have conducted a prospective study of patient who were transferred to level Ⅰ or Ⅲemergency center based on the non-emergent patient guideline currently used at the severance Hospital, level Ⅲ emergency center, during the period of 65 days from Jan. 1st 1995 to Mar. 6th 1995. Followings are guideline for non-emergent patient described by the Korean government low: 1) systolic blood pressure greater than 80/100 of normal. 2) respiration rate between 10 to 24 per minute. 3) pulse rate between 60 to 100 per minute. 4) body temperature between 36 to 37.5℃ by rectal. 5) relatively alert mental status. 6) patient not requiring emergency operation at the time of examination. The results were as follows: 1. Among the total 5,301 patients, 464 patients ranged from age of 1 to 82 years old were transferred to level Ⅰor Ⅱ emergency center after simple treatment. 2. Among the 464 patients, 276 patients were treated in expected hospital with medical problems in 101 (36.6%) patients, and 175 (63.4%) patients had surgical problems. 3. Among the 276 patients, 122 (44.2%) patients were admitted, 145 (52.9%) patients were discharged from the emergency room after adequate treatment. 4. Among the transferred patients, simple laceration (33.0%) were most common, acute gastroenteritis (12.0%), and simple contusion (10.5%) were followed. These results suggest that about 10% of patients visiting level Ⅲ emergency care center, can be safely transferred to nearest level Ⅰor Ⅱ emergency centers on the bases of non-emergent patient guideline described by Emergency Medical Service law. These guideline, if put into proper use, can reduce the degree of overcrowding problems in level Ⅲ emergency care center through out the country.

간흡충증에서 초음파검사의 진단적 가치

이현경,김지용,성낙진,홍성태 동국대학교 경주대학 1996 東國論集 Vol.15 No.-

목적: 간흡충증에서 초음파검사의 진단적 가치를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1996년 5월 한달 동안 간흡충의 농후유행지인 형산강 유역 포항지역의 436명의 자원자를 대상르로 초음파검사, 피내반응검사, 대변검사를 시행하였다. 이후 대변검사를 기준(gold standard)으로하여 초음파검사의 민감도, 특이도, 양성예측도 및 음성예측도를 알아보았다. 결과: 간내담관의 확장 및 담관주위 에코를 양성 소견으로 하였을 경우 초음파검사의 민감도 65.5%, 특이도는 64.6%, 양성예측도는 38.2%, 음성예측도는 84.3% 이었다. 결론: 초음파검사는 피내반응검사보다 민감하지는 못하나 특이적이었다. 그리고 피내반응검사 양성자에게 초음파 검사를 시행하는 것은 진단기준의 특이도를 높여 주는 효과가 있었다. Objectives: In this study we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of sonography on clonorchiasis. Subjectives and Methods: During a month, May 1996 sonographic examination, skin test, and stool examination were performed to 436 volunteers of Pohang which is located along the Hyong-San-Gang river and is one of well known endemic areas. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV), and negative predictive value(NPV) of sonography were determined while stool examination was assumed as a gold standard. Results: The sensitivity of sonography was 65.5%; specificity, 63.2%; PPV 38.2%; NPV, 84.3% if both intrahepatic duct dilatation and periductal echogenicity were assumed as positive findings. Conclusions: Sonography was less sensitive but more specific than skin test. And sonographic examination perfomed to skin test positive subjects could increase the specificity of diagnostic criteria.

후두암의 보존적 수술에 대한 임상적 고찰

정경호,정상술,홍기환 釜算慶南耳鼻咽喉科學會 1994 임상이비인후과 Vol.5 No.1

만성 알코올 중독환자에서의 경련

류상효,송홍기,이주헌,박환석,남경식 대한간질학회 2003 대한간질학회지 Vol.7 No.1

가족성 정신분열병 환자에서 임상 특성의 가족내 연관성

최경숙,이유상,장용이,조은영,전현옥,김창현,김상욱,홍경수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2004 신경정신의학 Vol.43 No.5

Objectives : This study aims at examining familial associations of symptoms and clinical characteristics in affected sibling or relative pairs of schizophrenia as an effort to identify genetically homogeneous phenotypes. Methods : Forty-seven relative pairs with DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia from thirty-five Korean families multiply affected with schizophrenia were ascertained. Direct interviews were done using the Korean version of Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS). The Krawieka Rating Scale and the Schedule for the Deficit Syndrome were also applied for further evaluation of psychopathologies. Intra-familial concordances and correlations of clinical characteristics and symptoms were tested using χ² -test and Spearman's correlation. Results : Significantly high concordance rate within relative pairs was found for the diagnosis of paranoid vs. non-paranoidsubtype (χ²=7.623, P=0.006, df=1). Deficit vs. non-deficit syndrome also showed significant concordance (χ² =3.850, p=0.0497, df=1). Among single symptom items in DIGS, only 'auditory hallucination' showed significant concordance rate ( χ² =5.503, P=0.019, df=1). Factor analysis for symptoms items in the Rrawiecka Rating Scale indicated three symptom dimensions ; negative, psychotic and affective, Psychotic (P =0.442, P=0.003) and affective dimension scores (p =0.427, P=0.004) showed significant intra-familial correlations. Age at onset of recognized psychotic symptoms showed significant correlation only within the male sibling pairs. Conclusion : Familial factors, Possibly genetic factor contribute to the phenotypic characteristics of paranoid vs. non-para-noid subtype, deficit vs. non-deficit syndrome, auditory hallucination, and affective syndrome, It supports their use in the delineation of homogeneous subgroups for future genetic studies.

우심방을 침범한 거대 비호지킨씨 림프종 1예

강상범,진승원,이은경,박용현,최용호,김용주,박준철,김재형,홍순조,최규보,권종범,원용순,박건,이은희 대한순환기학회 2000 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.30 No.4