Design of Instrumentation and Control System for Research Reactors

Gee-Yong Park,Sang H. Bae,Dae I. Bang,Taek G. Kim,Jae K. Park,Young K. Kim 제어로봇시스템학회 2011 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

New design is being carried out for the instrumentation and control (I&C) systems for a nuclear research reactor with intent to replace and improve the existing analog-based I&C systems. The I&C systems being designed are based on computer-based digital systems. Some systems that have not been designed in the exiting, old I&C systems are added into the I&C systems design in order to provide the diversity to improve the safety and availability of a reactor. The concept of the defense-in-depth implemented in the I&C system design is also described in this paper.

Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Pneumonia Other Than Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Park, I-Nae,Kim, Dong Soon,Shim, Tae Sun,Lim, Chae-Man,Lee, Sang Do,Koh, Younsuck,Kim, Woo Sung,Kim, Won Dong,Jang, Se Jin,Colby, Thomas V. American College of Chest Physicians 2007 Chest Vol.132 No.1

<P>BACKGROUNDS: Acute exacerbation (AE) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is increasingly recognized as a relatively common and highly morbid clinical event. However, clinical data on AE in non-IPF interstitial pneumonia are sparse. This study was performed to find the frequency, clinical features, and outcome of AE in non-IPF interstitial pneumonia. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 10 patients who satisfied the modified Akira criteria for AE during follow-up of 74 patients with surgical lung biopsy-confirmed idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (I-NSIP) and 93 patients with biopsy-confirmed interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease (CVD-IP). RESULTS: AE occurred in six patients with I-NSIP (1-year frequency, 4.2%) and in four patients with CVD-IP (rheumatoid arthritis [RA], n = 3; scleroderma, n = 1), with 1-year frequency of 3.3%. Median age was 58 years (range, 47 to 75); six patients were female. AE occurred in two patients immediately after surgical biopsy. Median duration of acute symptom before hospital admission was 10 days (range, 1 to 30). Median ratio of Pao(2) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio(2)) was 172 (range, 107 to 273), and Pao(2)/Fio(2) ratio was < 200 in six patients. Surgical lung biopsy performed at the time of AE in two patients revealed diffuse alveolar damage superimposed on nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern. Four patients with I-NSIP survived to discharge and were followed up for 24 months (range, 6 to 121). CONCLUSION: AE occurred in the patients with I-NSIP with apparently better prognosis. In patients with CVD-IP, AE occurred mostly with RA-usual interstitial pneumonia in our small series with poor outcome.</P>

신생아 집중치료를 받은 극소저출생체중아 치료성적의 시기에 따른 변화

김성신,김문희,심재원,고선영,이은경,장윤실,강이석,박원순,이문향,이상일,이흥재,Kim, Shung Shin,Kim, Moon Hee,Shin, Jae Won,Ko, Sun Young,Lee, Eun Kyung,Chang, Yun Sil,Kang, I Seok,Park, Won Soon,Lee, Mun Hyang,Lee, Sang Il,Lee, Heung J 대한소아청소년과학회 2002 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.45 No.7

목 적: 출생 체중 1,500 그램 미만의 극소저출생체중아(very low birth weight infant, VLBWI)의 치료성적은 신생아 집중치료술 향상여부를 모니터 하는 주요한 지표로 이용되고 있다. 이에 본 연구자들은 개원이래 최근 7년간 삼성서울병원 신생아 중환자실의 VLBWI 치료성적의 변화양상을 기간별로 관찰 분석하였다. 방 법: 1994년 10월부터 2000년 12월까지 삼성서울병원 신생아 중환자실로 생후 3일 이내 입원한 VLBWI 374명을 대상으로 기간을 나누어(I기 : 이미 성적이 보고된 1994. 10-1996. 9, II기 : 1996. 10-1998. 12, III기 : 1999. 1-2000. 12) 각 기별, 출생체중별, 재태기간별, VLBWI의 발생빈도와 생존율, 유병률 및 생존기간 등에 관해 의무기록지를 통한 후향적조사를 실시하였다. 생존율은(생존아/총출생 VLBWI)${\times}100$으 로 산출하였고 생존아는 신생아 중환자실에서 생존하여 퇴원한 경우로 정의하였다. 결 과 : VLBWI의 발생빈도는 기간별로 차이가 없었고(I기 : 1.3%, II기 : 1.5%, III기 : 1.4%), 생존율은 III기에 의미 있게 향상되었다. 출생체중별 생존율에서 III기에서 750 gm 미만군(vs II기)과, 1,250-1,499 gm 군(vs I기)의 향상이, 1,000-1,249 gm 군에서는 II기(vs I기)의 향상이 의미 있었고 최저출생 생존아는 I기 624 gm($26^{+5}$주), II기 667 gm($25^{+6}$주), III기 480 gm($26^{+2}$주)였다. 재태기간별 생존율에서 III기의 25-26주군과 29-30군이 I, II기에 비해 의미 있게 향상되었고 최저출생 재태기간의 생존례는 I기 26주(970 gm), II기 $23^{+5}$주(791 gm), III기 $24^{+1}$주(740 gm)였다. VLBWI의 주요 유병률 중 III도 이상의 심한 뇌실 내 출혈의 빈도가 III기 5%로 I기 13%, II기 10.5%에 비해 의미 있게 감소되었고, 전체 사망 중 7일 이전 사망률이 III기(15.4%)에 I기(55.5%)에 비해 의의 있게 감소되었다. 결 론 : 최근 VLBWI의 생존율이 주요 유병률의 증가 없이 현저히 향상되었고, 특히 26주 이하, 750 gm 미만의 초극소미숙아의 생존율 향상이 두드러졌다. Purpose : The outcomes of infants weighing less than 1,500 gm(very low birth weight infant : VLBWI) reflect recent progress in neonatal intensive care. In this study, we analyzed changes over time in survival rate and morbidity of VLBWIs during the past seven years. Methods : A retrospective review of medical records was analyzed for VLBWIs admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Samsung Medical Center within three days from birth. We compared the outcomes of previous corresponding data(period I : Oct. 1994 to Sept. 1996), with the outcomes of period II(Oct. 1996 to Dec. 1998) and period III(Jan. 1999 to Dec. 2000). Results : As shown in Tables 1 and 3, the distribution of birth weight, gestational age(GA), gender, and inborn admissions did not change during the 7-year study. The overall survival rate of VLBWI increased significantly over time(period I : 72% vs period III : 88.3%, P<0.05). Between period I and period II, the birth weight-specific survival rate increased by 23.6%(75% vs 92.7%, P<0.05) for infants 1,000 to 1,249 gm. Between period II and period III, the birth weight-specific survival rate increased three times(20% vs 66.7%, P<0.05) for infants <750 gm. The survivors of lowest birth weight included infants at 624 gm(GA : $26^{+5}$ weeks), 667 gm(GA : $25^{+6}$ weeks) and 480 gm(GA : $26^{+2}$ weeks) in each period. The gestational age-specific survival rate in period III increased significantly in GA 25-26 weeks and 29-30 weeks(vs period I & period II, P<0.05). The survivors of lowest gestational age included infants at GA 26 weeks(970 gm), GA $23^{+5}$ weeks(791 gm) and GA $24^{+1}$ weeks(740 gm) in each period. The incidence of severe IVH(grade III, IV) and the early death rate(< seven days) decreased in period III(vs period I; P<0.05), reflecting improvements in neonatal intensive care. Conclusion : The survival rate of VLBWI continues to increase, particularly for BW < 750 gm, GA < 26 weeks. This increase in survival is not associated by any increase in major morbidities.

Chemiluminescence system for direct determination and mapping of ultra-trace metal impurities on a silicon wafer

Kim, Romertta,Sung, Y. I.,Lee, J. S.,Lim, H. B. Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 The Analyst Vol.135 No.11

<P>A highly sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) system which consumed low sample and reagent volumes in the microlitre range was developed for direct determination and mapping of ultra-trace metal contaminants on solid surfaces, such as silicon wafers or flat display panels. The analytical result of the system was confirmed with ICP-MS. The system was composed of a scanner, sensor and a wafer moving stage. The scanner, with a scanning tip made of 0.03′′ i.d. PTFE tubing, was used to collect metal impurities on the wafer surface with 5 μL of scanning solution. A coaxial sensing head of about 13 mm o.d. and 110 mm height was designed both to inject a luminescent reagent of luminol-H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB> mixture and to collect the luminescence light resulting from the reaction with metal ions of Co<SUP>2+</SUP>, Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>, Cu<SUP>2+</SUP>, and Ni<SUP>2+</SUP>. Due to the almost zero background, an extremely low limit of detection of 20.8 pg/mL for Co<SUP>2+</SUP> in 1% hydrofluoric acid (HF) was obtained from the calibration curve. In order to map the spatial distribution of the impurities, 11 cross sections of a Co-contaminated wafer were selected and scanned individually with a diluted HF solution. A contaminant level of 1.45–7.11 × 10<SUP>11</SUP> atoms cm<SUP>−2</SUP> was obtained for each section with an average of 4.21 × 10<SUP>11</SUP> atoms cm<SUP>−2</SUP>, which was similar to the analytical result of 5.48 × 10<SUP>11</SUP> atoms cm<SUP>−2</SUP> obtained from vapor phase deposition-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (VPD-ICP-MS). Although this CL system does not have selectivity for each specific metal ion, its high sensitivity facilitates the monitoring and mapping of metal impurities of Co, Fe, Cu, <I>etc.</I> on the wafer directly and it can be used as an on-line inspection sensor for the first time in the semiconductor industry.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Chemiluminescence system consuming ∼μL chemicals was developed for direct determination and mapping of ultra-trace metals on solid surfaces. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0an00451k'> </P>

고인슐린증이 없었던 인슐린종 1 예

김기수,박성우,김선희,박중열,채제건,최철수,이성구,이기업,한덕중,이인철,성규보,송영기 대한내분비학회 1995 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.10 No.4

Insulinoma is a disorder characterized by hypoglycemia due to endogenous hyperinsulinemia. The elevated plasma insulin level and hypoglycemia should be established for the diagnosis of an insulinoma. Other laboratory methods such as immunoreactive insulin to glucose(IRI/G) ratio, C-peptide, proinsulin, and some provocation tests are also employed to detect an insulinoma because hyperinsulinemia is often not found. Especially, IRI/G ratio has been considered as very sensitive and specific test to confirm the insulinoma without peripheral hyperinsulinemia. We report a case of insulinoma without hyperinsulinemia and elevation of IRI/G ratio, which was diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasonography and THPVS(Transhepatic portal venous sampling). It is suggested that more confirmatory tests will be necessary for the diagnosis of insulinoma especially when it is highly suspected although IRI/G ratio is not increased(J Kor Soc Endocrinol 10: 439-444, 1995).

결정화시간이 다공성 알루미나 지지체에서의 A 형 제올라이트 결정성장에 미치는 영향

김태환,김권일,안계혁,김종휘,성재석 한국공업화학회 1998 응용화학 Vol.2 No.2

A-type zeolite crystals were grown on the surface of porous alumina support by the hydrothermal crystallization technique. In the experiment, the oxide mole ratio of raw material composition was maintained at a constant value and the crystallization time was varied. The crystal morphology, size and its coating status on the support were investigated by means of SEM microphotographs and XRD analysis, studies.

인터넷을 이용한 유도홍보 활성화 방안

한이석,김도준,정상윤 용인대학교 무도연구소 2000 武道硏究所誌 Vol.11 No.1

This study analyzed current issues by theoretical investigation on and by the research of current situation and actual condition on all the matters for public relation of Judo. I suggested the importance of internet, a method for future public relation, researched methods for its utilization and system for making up contents and approached internet to the public relation of judo. The strategies for the public relation of judo are as below. First, it should consist of better rich contents ill order for people to know the records of judo match current conditions on its players, public relation of the matches, etc.. Also, the chiefs of private judo halls should have interests in the public relation through internet and make assurance doubly sure of public relation of private judo halls since it is thought that all the people can easily approach it no matter what their majors are considering that today the number of people using internet are increasing in geometric progression and internet maintains lots of consumers regardless of social classes owing to rapidly spreading internet pervasion, technology development of various multi media and commercialization of information. Second, internet can quickly and exactly transmit accurate information needed for the target group with cheap price and with no limits of time and space though almost all methods such as telephone line, cable television, earth satellite, wireless communication information expressway, etc. and thus can obtain feedback for the simple and convenient addition of new technology or revised regulations to the existing data.

고 Mn 강의 austenite 결정입도에 미치는 가공도와 V . Ti 및 Zr 의 첨가영향

김문일,성장현,변동선 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1976 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.14 No.1

3% Ni을 含有하는 Hadfield鋼과 여기에 3種의 結晶粒 微細化元素 V, Ti 및 Zr을 添加하여 加工度와 燒鈍溫度에 따르는 結晶粒의 變化를 比較檢討하였다. 여기서 얻은 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. Hadfield鋼의 Austenite結晶粒 粗大化溫度는 低合金鋼의 경우와 같이 加工度의 增加에 依해 降下하며 이는 初期結晶粒의 微細化에 基因한다. 2. V, Ti 및 Zr에 依해 炭化物形成이 助長되어 初期結晶粒은 微細化한다. 이들의 結晶粒 微細化效果는 V이 가장 크며 Zr이 가장 작다. 3. Austenite再結晶粒의 成長速度는 1000℃以上에서도 V, Ti 및 Zr에 依해서 抑制된다. 4. V은 Ti 및 Zr에 比하여 炭化物生成力이 큰 것으로 推定된다. High Manganese steels containing 3% Nickel have been used for study of austenite grain size influenced by rolling and adding small amount of Vanadium, Titanium and Zirconium, when the specimens are annealed for various time at different temperatures such as 900℃, 950℃, 1,000℃ and 1,050℃. The results obtained are as follows; 1) With an increase of reduction by rolling, the coarsening temperature of austenite grain size was lowered and the initial grain size of austenite was refined. 2) The austenite grain size was refined by adding of 0.1-0.2% carbide forming elements such as V, Ti and Zr. The influence by adding V was pronouncing. On the other hand, that of Zr was least among the three elements. 3) Though these grain refining elements made the initial grain size of austenite fine, they didn't significantly influence on the growth rate of austenite grain size below 1, 000℃.

합금공구강 와이어직선 방전가공면의 신뢰성 평가

김일수,성백섭,김인주 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2001 공업기술연구 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of this study was to present the method to choose the optimization machining condition for the wire electric machine. This was completed by examining the ever-changing quality of the material and by improving the function of the wire electric discharge machine. Precision metal mold products and the unmanned wire electric discharge machining system were used and then applied in industrial fields. This experiment uses the wire electric discharge machine with brass wire electrode of 0.25㎜. To measure the precision of the machining surface, average values are obtained from 3 samples of measures of center-line average roughness by using a third dimension gauge and a stylus surface roughness gauge.

휴대용제어단말기를 이용한 원격조정수문개발

성백섭,박창언,김일수,차용훈,이진구 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.-

This paper begin a new approach in the water-gate controller using radio communication. The dissertation is on the controllable device development of water-gate in the remote distance from water-gate trough the transceiver by radio communication. The proposed water-gate control device is simple in structure, an suitable for implementation of water-gate control in the remote distance. The remote controller water-gate device inspected the up and down motion of water-gate through the LCD displayer, so that it was very safety driving about the surroundings information, over loading and position of water-gate, and so on.