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김선주(Kim, Sunju),김승희(Kim, Seunghee),이원학(Lee, Wonhak),김영미(Kim, Yeongmi) SH도시연구원 2021 주택도시연구 Vol.11 No.2
본 연구는 폐광지역개발지원특별법 개정으로 발생되는 2026년부터 2045년까지 국가 경제적 파급효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 생산유발효과는 강원랜드의 효과는 62.4조원이고, 국세와 관광기금에 의해 유발되는 생산유발효과는 약 15조원이었다, 둘째, 강원랜드 총매출액의 부가가치유발효과는 26조원이고, 국세와 관광기금에 의해 유발되는 부가가치유발효과는 약 6.8조원이 되는 것으로 파악되었다. 셋째, 강원랜드 총매출액의 취업유발효과는 697,956명이고, 국세와 관광기금에 의해 유발되는 취업유발효과는 약 137,190명이 되는 것으로 파악되었다. 폐광지역법 연장으로 파생되는 국가 경제적 파급효과를 분석한 결과를 토대로 시사점을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 폐광지역의 다양한 사업화가 필요하다. 강원랜드에 대부분을 의존하는 방식을 탈피하여 다각적이고 지속적인 수입원의 발굴이 필요하다. 둘째, 해마다 일률적인 비율로 국세를 적용하기보다는 사업의 안정화 단계이후 비율을 확대하는 방안의 검토가 필요하다. This study analyzed the national economic ripple effect from 2026 to 2045 caused by the revision of the Special Act on ‘Abandoned Mine Area Development Support’. The analysis results were as follows: First, in terms of the production inducement effect, the effect of Kangwon Land was 62.4 trillion won, while the production inducement effect caused by the national tax and tourism fund was about 15 trillion won. value-added inducing effect caused by the fund was found to be about 6.8 trillion won. Third, the employment-inducing effect of total sales of Gangwon Land was 697,956 while the employment-inducing effect caused by the national tax and tourism fund was found to be about 137,190. The implications were as follows based on the results of analyzing the national economic ripple effects resulting from the extension of the special abolition law. First, there is a need for various commercialization of abandoned mine areas. It is important to diversify and sustain sources of revenue by deviating from the reliance on Kangwon Land. Second, rather than applying national taxes at a uniform rate every year, it is necessary to consider a plan to increase the rate after the stabilization stage of the project.
Kim, Sunju,Jeon, Chang Beom,Park, Myung Gil The Korean Society of Phycology 2017 ALGAE Vol.32 No.3
During a sampling at Nokdong harbor, southern coast of Korea in January 2017, the marine diatom Coscinodiscus wailesii cells infected by a novel parasitoid nanoflagellate were observed. While the development process of the trophosomes of the parasitoid was more similar to that of Pseudopirsonia mucosa, division pattern of the auxosomes was similar to that of Pirsonia species. Phylogenetic analyses inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the parasitoid infecting C. wailesii fell within the cercozoan groups and branched as a sister lineage of the clade consisting of Pseudopirsonia mucosa and the undescribed Cercomonas sp. SIC7235, with the sequence dissimilarity of 7.3% with Pseudopirsonia mucosa. All of these developmental and molecular characteristics suggest that the parasitoid nanoflagellate infecting the diatom C. wailesii is a new Pseudopirsonia species.
Kim, Hee-Young,Kong, Sunju,Oh, Sangmi,Yang, Jaewon,Jo, Eunji,Ko, Yoonae,Kim, Soo-Hyun,Hwang, Jong Yeon,Song, Rita,Windisch, Marc P. Elsevier 2016 ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH Vol.129 No.-
<P>Upon screening synthetic small molecule libraries with the infectious hepatitis C virus (HCV) cell culture system, we identified a benzothiazepinecarboxamide (BTC) scaffold that inhibits HCV. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study with BTC5 was performed, and modifications that led to nanomolar antiviral activity and improved the selective index (CC50/EC50) by more than 1000-fold were identified. In addition, a pharmacophore modeling study determined that the tricyclic core and positive charge on the piperidine moiety were essential for antiviral activity. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BTC interferes with HCV glycoprotein E1/E2-mediated viral entry and the generation of infectious virions by using HCV pseudoparticle and cell culture supernatant transfer assays, respectively. BTC showed potent antiviral activity against HCV genotype 2 (EC50 = 0.01 +/- 0.01 mu M), but was less potent against a genotype 1/2 chimeric virus (EC50 = 2.71 +/- 0.05 mu M), which expressed the structural proteins of HCV genotype 1. In summary, we identified, optimized, and characterized novel BTC inhibitors that interfere with early and late steps of the HCV viral life cycle. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>
( Sunju Lee ),( Sangsu Park ),( Minh Tan Nguyen ),( Eunyoung Lee ),( Julee Kim ),( Sangki Baek ),( Chong Jai Kim ),( Yeon Jin Jang ),( Han Choe ) 생화학분자생물학회 2019 BMB Reports Vol.52 No.8
Conventionally, immunotoxins have been produced as a single polypeptide from fused genes of an antibody fragment and a toxin. In this study, we adopted a unique approach of chemical conjugation of a toxin protein and an antibody fragment. The two genes were separately expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to high levels of purity. The two purified proteins were conjugated using a chemical linker. The advantage of this approach is its ability to overcome the problem of low recombinant immunotoxin production observed in some immunotoxins. Another advantage is that various combinations of immunotoxins can be prepared with fewer efforts, because the chemical conjugation of components is relatively simpler than the processes involved in cloning, expression, and purification of multiple immunotoxins. As a proof of concept, the scFv of trastuzumab and the PE24 fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A were separately produced using E. coli and then chemically crosslinked. The new immunotoxin was tested on four breast cancer cell lines variably expressing HER2. The chemically crosslinked immunotoxin exhibited cytotoxicity in proportion to the expression level of HER2. In conclusion, the present study revealed an alternative method of generating an immunotoxin that could effectively reduce the viability of HER2-expressing breast cancer cells. These results suggest the effectiveness of this method of immunotoxin crosslinking as a suitable alternative for producing immunotoxins. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(8): 496-501]
Kim, Sunju,Yoon, Jihae,Park, Myung Gil The Korean Society of Phycology 2015 ALGAE Vol.30 No.1
The marine sand-dwelling dinoflagellate Polykrikos lebourae possesses obvious gold-brown pigmented plastids as well as taeniocyst-nematocyst complex structures. Despite of the presence of the visible plastids, previous attempts to establish this species in culture all failed and thus the unavailability of cultures of this species has posed a major obstacle to further detailed exploration of ecophysiology of the dinoflagellate. Here, we isolated P. lebourae from sandy sediment of an intertidal flat on Korean western coast, successfully established it in culture, and have been maintaining the stock culture over the past 3 years. Using this stock culture, we explored phagotrophy and potential prey resources of P. lebourae, growth and grazing responses of P. lebourae to different prey organisms, the effect of prey concentration on growth and grazing rates and gross growth efficiency (GGE) of P. lebourae when fed three different prey organisms, and the growth kinetics of P. lebourae under different light regimes. P. lebourae captured prey cells using a tow filament and then phagocytized them through the posterior end. The dinoflagellate was capable of ingesting a broad range of prey species varying in size, but not all prey species tested in this study supported its sustained growth. GGE of P. lebourae was extremely high at low prey concentration and moderate or low at high prey concentrations, indicating that P. lebourae grows heterotrophically at high prey concentrations but its growth seems to be more dependent on a certain growth factor or photosynthesis of plastids derived from the prey. In the presence of prey in excess, P. lebourae grew well at moderate light intensity of $40{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$, but did not grow at dim and high (10 or $120{\mu}mol$ photons $m^{-2}s^{-1}$) light intensities. Our results suggest that the benthic dinoflagellate P. lebourae is an obligate mixotroph, requiring both prey and light for sustained growth and survival.
In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Licoricidin on Human Cytochrome P450s
Sunju Kim,Heungchan O,Jeong Ah Kim,Seung Ho Lee,Sangkyu Lee 한국질량분석학회 2014 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.5 No.3
Licoricidin isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis is known to have anticancer, anti-nephritic, anti-Helicobacter pylori, and antibacterial effects. In this study, a cocktail probe assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS) were used to investigate the modulating effect of licoricidin on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in human liver microsomes. When licoricidin was incubated at 0-25 μM with CYP probes for 60 min at 37oC, it showed potent inhibitory effects on CYP2B6-catalyzed bupropion hydroxylation and CYP2C9-catalyzed diclofenac 4’-hydroxylation with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 3.4 and 4.0 μM, respectively. The inhibition mode of licoricidin was revealed as competitive, dose-dependent, and non-time-dependent, and following the pattern of Lineweaver-Burk plots. The inhibitory effect of licoricidin has been confirmed in human recombinant cDNA-expressed CYP2B6 and 2C9 with IC50 values of 4.5 and 0.73 μM, respectively. In conclusion, this study has shown the potent inhibitory effect of licoricidin on CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 activity could be important for predicting potential herb-drug interactions with substrates that mainly undergo CYP2B- and CYP2C9- mediated metabolism.
In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Licoricidin on Human Cytochrome P450s
Kim, Sunju,O, Heungchan,Kim, Jeong Ah,Lee, Seung Ho,Lee, Sangkyu Korean Society for Mass Spectrometry 2014 Mass spectrometry letters Vol.5 No.3
Licoricidin isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis is known to have anticancer, anti-nephritic, anti-Helicobacter pylori, and antibacterial effects. In this study, a cocktail probe assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to investigate the modulating effect of licoricidin on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in human liver microsomes. When licoricidin was incubated at $0-25{\mu}m$ with CYP probes for 60 min at $37^{\circ}C$, it showed potent inhibitory effects on CYP2B6-catalyzed bupropion hydroxylation and CYP2C9-catalyzed diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation with half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) values of 3.4 and $4.0{\mu}m$, respectively. The inhibition mode of licoricidin was revealed as competitive, dose-dependent, and non-time-dependent, and following the pattern of Lineweaver-Burk plots. The inhibitory effect of licoricidin has been confirmed in human recombinant cDNA-expressed CYP2B6 and 2C9 with $IC_{50}$ values of 4.5 and $0.73{\mu}m$, respectively. In conclusion, this study has shown the potent inhibitory effect of licoricidin on CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 activity could be important for predicting potential herb-drug interactions with substrates that mainly undergo CYP2B- and CYP2C9-mediated metabolism.