고등학교 학생들의 화학에 대한 질문 조사와 전해질 개념에 대한 고등학교 교과서 분석

황인선,엄광희 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2006 교과교육학연구 Vol.10 No.1

본 연구에서는 고등학교 학생들의 질문 비율이 높은 전해질 개념에 대해 과학 교과서에서 어떻게 서술하고 있는지를 분석함으로써, 학생들이 올바른 과학 개념을 형성하는 데 있어서 가지는 어려움의 원인을 조사해 보고자 한다. 수집된 질문들을 6개의 화학 내용 영역 별로 분류한 결과, 물질 단원과 관련된 질문이 가장 많았고, 이를 다시 주제 별로 분류한 결과, 전해질과 이온에 대해 관련된 질문이 가장 많았으며, 이를 다시 세부 학습 요소 별로 분류한 결과, 전해질의 이온화와 관련된 질문이 가장 많았다. 중학교 및 고등학교의 화학과 관련된 내용에서 물질을 구성하고 있는 입자와 관련된 개념들의 관계를 나타낸 개념도를 바탕으로 하여, 전해질과 관련된 개념들의 관계를 의미망으로 구성한 결과, 6개의 개념 간 관계들을 생각해 볼 수 있었다. 6개의 개념 간 관계들에 대해 교과서에서 서술된 내용을 분석한 후 평가 기준에 의해 평가하였다. 또한, 고등학교 과학 11종 교과서를 2개 항목의 평가 기준에 의해 평가한 결과, 전해질의 이온화와 관련된 서술 내용에 있어서 교과서 B가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. In this research, the contents of electrolytes in high school science textbooks are analyzed and related problems are identified. First of all, we collected 201 on line questions about chemistry from high school students, and classified the questions into 6 groups according to subjects. The results demonstrated that questions regarding the "material" subject are the most with 37.8% of 201 questions. Questions on the "electrolytes and ions" are the most, 76.3% among the questions regarding "materials". As a result, the question about "ionization of electrolytes" are the most with 32.8% among the questions regarding "electrolytes and ions". On the basis of the concept map of material found, we made "Sematic Networking(SemNet)" out electrolyte concept. We could find 6 relations between concepts from SemNet. 『electrolytes are classified with weak electrolyte and strong electrolyte.』, 『If an electrolyte is dissolved in water, it makes cation and anion.』, 『Example of electrolyte is NaCl, HCl, CH_(3)COOH, H_(2)CO_(3)(ionic compound and molecular compound).』, 『If the electric current flows in the electrolytic aqueous solution, electrolysis occurs.』, 『electrolyte consists of ionic bond or polar covalent bond materials.』, 『The electric current flowing in the electrolytic aqueous solution is due to oxidation and reduction reaction.』. For 6 relations between concepts, the content of textbooks were analyzed and evaluated. In relation with ionization of electrolytes, we analyzed 11 high school science textbooks. In most textbooks the "electrolyte" is describe only in terms of ionic compounds instead of being described in both terms of ionic compounds and molecular compounds. Also, we graded 11 textbooks by the standard of 2 items. As a result, "B" textbook's description is the most superior regarding ionization of electrolytes.

배양 신경세포의 분화에 따른 Transferrin 흡수와 그 수용체 발현에 대한 자기방사기록 및 면역세포화학적 연구

조사선,박광태,유영복,이경훈,박경한,황덕호,백상호 대한해부학회 1994 Anatomy & Cell Biology Vol.27 No.3

최근 10년간 조선대학교 부속치과병원 교정과에 내원한 부정교합 환자에 관한 역학적 연구(1990~1999)

황미선,윤영주,김광원 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.2

With socioeconomic development and change of esthetic recognition, the demand for orthodontic treatment and number of orthodontic patients has been increasing so rapidly. And frequency of malocclusion was changed. So this study was done in an attempt to provide an epidemiologic study so that we can accomodate their orthodontic needs adequately and to obtain the reliable quantitative iHormation regarding the characteristics of orthodontic patients. Distribution and trends were examined in 3,070 malocclusion patients who had been examined and diagnosed at Department of Orthodontics, Dental Hospital, Chosen University over 10 year-period from 1990 to 1999. The results were as follows : 1.The number of patients per year was increasing trend and higher visiting rate in female(56.5%) than in male(43.5%). 2.Age distribution had shown 7∼12 year-old group being the largest(37.9%) and each percentage of 13∼18, 19∼24, above-19, 0∼6 year-old group was 32.0%, 19.6%, 7.1%, 3.4%. 3.Hellman dental age rya which is completion of the permanent dentition showed the highest percentage in male and female. 4.Geographic distribution showed a majority of patients in Kwang Ju(71,0%). Group within the distance 1017n from Chosun Dental Hospital was 56.3% and group within 20km was 14.7%. 5.Anterior cross bite showed the highest percentage in chief complaints and percentage of Mn, prognathism and Protrusion of Mx. teeth was 12.6%, 12.2%. 6.Distribution In the types of malocclusion according to the Angle's classification had shown; 38.9% for Class 1,20.7% for Class II division 1, 2.0% for Class II division 2.384% for Class III. 7.In the dental vertical dysplasia according to the Angle's classification, deep bite was the most frequent in Class II div.1 and div. 2(24.3%, 56.7%) and open bite in Class III(21.4%). 8.In the skeletal sagittal dysplasia, 39.3% of skeletal ClassII was due to the undergrowth of the mandible and 46.3% of skeletal ClassIII was due to the overgrowth of the mandible. 9.Distribution in nrthodontlc treatment accoding to The extraction and nonextraclion had shown 66.9% for nonextraction case, 33.1% for extraction case, and four first bicuspids have been extracted in the highest percentage(38.6%). 10.Patients who had orthognathic surgery comprised 7.9%, with an Increasing trend.

SBNR process에서 암모니아 부하가 N₂O 발생에 미치는 영향

장광언,장현섭,황선진 경희대학교 2004 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

A laboratory scale BNR reactor was built to study the fate of N₂O production during BBNR(Bhortcut Biological' Nitrogen Removal. process and A/O process. Nitrous oxide(N₂O) is emitted from wastewater treatment processes. It is known as a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Therefore it is importance to develop technology, that can suppress N₂O emission. Especially, N₂O emission' from the SBNR process was higher than that of A/O process. When a ono loading was increased(0.15 ∼ 0.6g/㎥day), dissolved N₂O concentration of nitrification was increased. And when nitrite concentration of aerobic basin was increased(0 ∼200 mg/L). N₂O emission rate was increased. As a results of this study, BURN process had an more effect on N₂O emission than A/O process.

단축질소제거공정에서의 C/N비에 따른 N₂O발생 특성에 대한 연구

장광언,황선진,장현섭 경희대학교 2003 環境硏究 論文集 Vol.12 No.-

Nitrous oxide(N₂O) is produced as by-production of nitrogen removal system from wastewater and associated with many parameter(such as DO, pH, Temperature, C/N ratio, accumulation of nitrite etc...). Especially SBNR (Shortcut Biological Nitrogen Removal) process have high potential of N₂0 production, but research about this relationship is insufficient. Ammonia concentration of Influent was 600 ppm and 2 sets of reactor (for A/O process and SBNR process) were used. Based on the results of this study A/O process (conventional nitrification and denitrification) was effected by C/N ratio but SBNR process did not. And N₂O production of BSNR oxic tank was observed constantly.

두부회전에 따른 측모두부방사선 계측치의 변화

김광수,황미선,최의환,김광원,윤영주 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.1

본 연구는 측모두부방사선사진 촬영시 발생될 수 있는 두부회전이 측정된 선, 각계측치들에 어느 정도의 투사오차를 야기시키는지 알아보기 위해 조선대학교 의과대학 해부학교실에 소장중인 건조두개골 중 비교적 상태가 양호하고 특별한 비대칭이 없는 영구치열기의 건조두개골 17개를 표본으로 선택하여 시행하였다. 각각의 건조두개골을 수직축(Z축)을 중심으로 기준위치(0˚)에 대해 1˚ 간격으로 ±15˚ 까지 실험적으로 회전시켜 총 527장의 측모두부방사선사진을 촬영하였다. 이를 근거로 기준위치(0˚)에서의 계측치와 각 회전각에서의 계측치들 사이에 paired t-test를 시행하여 측모두부방사선사진 계측치 간의 차이를 규명하였으며, 이를 통해 투사오차의 관점에서 교정학적으로 유용한 측모두부방사선 계측항목을 구한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1.각계측항목이 선계측항목에 비해 투사오차가 작았다. 2.각계측항목은 정중시상면에 위치한 기준점들을 많이 포함할수록 투사오차가 작았다. 3.수평선계측항목의 길이는 필름방향으로 회전됨에 따라 점진적으로 감소되었으나, 초점 방향으로 회전됨에 따라서는 증가되다가 감소되었으며 상대적으로 그 변화양이 작았다. 4.두부회전에 따른 투사오차는 수직선계측항목에 비해 수평선계측항목에서 컸다. 5.수직선계측항목은 회전축으로부터 거리가 증가함에 따라 투사오차가 증가하였다. 이상을 종합해 볼 때 두부회전에 따른 측모두부방사선사진 계측치의 투사오차를 최소로 하기 위해서는 선계측항목보다는 각계측항목을 사용하는 것이 유용할 것으로 사료된다. This study was performed to find out the effect of projection errors on cephalometric linear and angular measurements according to head rotation during taking lateral cephalometric radiographs. Seventeen skulls with permanent dentition and no gross asymmetry were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Chosun University. Total 527 x-ray films were taken with 1˚ interval from the reference position(0˚) to ±15˚ around the vertical axis (Z axis) which is perpendicular to the midpoint of the line connecting the center of two ear rods in submento-vertex direction. Statistical analysis was performed by faired t-test if there were statistically significant differences between the mean of the reference position(0") and that of each rotation angle. The following results were obtained. 1.The projection errors of angular measurements were smaller than those of linear measurements. 2.The projection errors of angular measurements including midline landmarks were smaller than those including bilateral landmarks. 3.The horizontal linear measurements were gradually decreased when the skull was rotated toward the film, but slightly increased and then decreased when the skull was rotated toward the focal spot. However, the changes were smaller in focal direction. 4.The projection errors of horizontal linear measurements were larger than those of vertical linear measurements. 5.The projection errors of vertical linear measurements were increased with increased distance from the rotation axis to vertical measurements. It is concluded that the use of angular measeurements rather than linear measurements is recommended to minimize the projection errors.

일측 요관폐쇄에 의한 실험적 수신증에서 신조직내 MCP-1 및 TNF-α유전자 발현

나가량,황평주,김종학,구영선,강민규,서광선,이강욱,신영태 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1999 충남의대잡지 Vol.26 No.2

Early cellular and molecular derangements have been suggested as potential pivotal factors for the development of renal injury, such as interstitial fibrosis after the experimental hydronephrosis. Several recent studies have been demonstrating that one of the initial events taking place in the progressive renal injury process is the mononuclear cell infiltration in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitiuim. In order to evaluate the renal light microscopic findings as well as the renal cortical MCP-1 and TNF-α gene expressions which are modulating inflammatory process and the recruitment of mononuclear cells in many experimental models of renal injury, Sprague-Dawley rats underwent unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and sham operation under the thiopental sodium anesthesia(50 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection). Three and 7 days after surgery, rats were sacrificed. By the competitive RT-PCR, the levels of TNF-α and MCP-1 mRNA in renal cortical tissues were measured. The magnitude of mononuclear cell infiltration and interstitial widening were evaluated by standard point counting method. The level of MCP-1 gene expression was significantly increased in UUO group compared to sham group at 3 and 7 days after surgery(UUO 3 days 8.99 ± 0.45, UUO 7 days 11.2 ± 0.26, sham 3 days 1.00 ± 0.08, sham 7 days 0.94 ± 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, mean ± SEM, respectively). The level of MCP-1 mRNA at 7 days after surgery was significantly higher than that at 3 days in UUO group. The TNF-α gene expression level of UUO group was also significantly higher than that of sham group at 3 and 7 days after surgery(UUO 3 days 1.73 ± 0.16, UUO 7 days 2.03 ± 0.21, sham 3 days : 1.00 ± 0.06, sham 7 days 1.09 ± 0.03, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). But there was no significant difference between the levels at 3 and 7 days after surgery in UUO group(p>0.05). On the light microscopic examination, the relative volume of interstitium (RVI) and the total count of infiltrated mononuclear cells(MCC) at 3 and 7 days after surgery in UUO group were also significantly higher than those of sham group(RVI ; UUO 7 days 14.9±1.0%,sham 6.0±0.7%, MCC; UUO 7days 34.0± 1.6, sham 3.7± 0.6, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). In conclusion, we speculated that the early up-regulation of MCP-1 and TNF-α genes of renal cortical tissue in this experimental hydronephrosis model is closely related to the mononuclear cell infiltration and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.

위암수술 환자에서의 cp 개발과 cp적용에 따른 질 향상 활동에 관한 연구

임은주,황순휘,박도중,하광일,배현주,김형호 한국의료QA학회 2006 한국의료질향상학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Background : In an era of increasing medical costs, safe reduction in postoperative stay has become a major focus to optimize utilization of healthcare resources. The authors aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of the critical pathway(CP) for gastrectomy patients by implementing standardized postoperative management and electronic medical records. Method : From August 2006 to April 2007, critical pathways were introduced to inpatients and outpatients with gastric cancer. 60 consecutive patients undergoing distal gastrectomy were randomly divided into two groups; 30 CP group(A) and 30 non-CP group(B). Simultaneously, we also retrospectively reviewed the records of 438 patients(C:control group) who were able to be enrolled in CP program. We compared group(A) with (B), (C) in terms of hospital stay, complication rate, use of antibiotics and hospital costs. Patient satisfaction was surveyed by questionnaires. Result : There was no significant demographic difference between group(A) and (B). Of 30 patients in group(A), 5 drop-outs and 14 variances occurred. The mean postoperative hospital stays(Laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy: LADG/Open distal gastrectomy: ODG) were 7.6/10.5 days for the group(A), 8.9/12.7 days for the group(B) and 12.6/14.5 days for the group(C) (p=0.02 in LADG). The total hospital cost of group(A) had a tendency to be less than that of group(B) and the amount of hospital cost per day in group(A) was significantly higher than that in group(B). The usage rates of the first generation antibiotics were 73.33%, 63.33%, and 59.2% in group(A), (B), and (C), respectively. Patients’ satisfaction had a tendency to be higher in the CP group than non-CP group. Conclusion : The mean hospital stay in LADG patients was shortened meaningfully and hospital cost per day was enlarged after introduction of clinical pathway. It is necessary to apply a number of patients to the critical pathway and to make an effort to reduce the variation and drop-out rates.

8.3% Carbamide Peroxide 함유 펜 형 자가미백제인 BIancTis Forte의 색조개선 및 안전성에 관한 임상연구

이진경,민선홍,홍성태,오소람,정신혜,황영혜,유성엽,배광식,백승호,이우철,손원준,금기연 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.2

This clinical study evaluated the whitening effect and safety of polymer based-pen type BlancTis Forte(NIBEC) containing 8.3% carbamide peroxide. Twenty volunteers used the BlancTis Forte whitening agent for 2 hours twice a day for 4 weeks As a control. Whitening Effect Pen (LG) containing 3% hydrogen peroxide was used by 20 volunteers using the same protocol. The change in shade (ΔE^(*) color difference) was measured using Shadepilot™ (DeguDent) before, during and after bleaching (2 weeks, 4 weeks and postbleaching 4 weeks). A clinical examination for any side effects (tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications) was also performed at each check-up. The following results were obtained. 1 Both the experimental and control groups displayed a noticeable change in shade (ΔE) of over 2 No significant differences were found between the two group (p>0.05) implying that the two agents have a similar whitening effect. 2 The whitening effect was mainly due to changes in a and b values rather than in L value (brightness). The experimental group showed a significantly higher change in b value thus yellow shade than the control(p < 0.05) 3 None of the participants complained of tooth hypersensitivity or soft tissue complications confirming the safety of both whitening agents 8.3%의 carbamide peroxide를 함유한 펜형 코팅용 미백제인 BlancTis Forte (NIBEC, Seosul & JinCheon)를 실험군으로, 3% hydrogen peroxide를 함유한글 Whitening Effect Pen (LG. Seoul) 제재를 대조군으로 각각 피험자 20명에게 2시간씩 1일 2회 제조사의 지시대로 치아표면에 4주간 적용하도록 지시하고 색조개선 효능과 안전성을 평가하였다. 미백 효과는 미백 전 및 미백 2주, 4주 및 미백 종료 4주 후에 Shadopilot™을 이용하여 색 변화를 측정하였고, 매 내원시기마다 모든 환자는 치수생활력 검사와 치주 및 치태 검사를 통해 부작용 여부 (치아과민증 및 구감 내 연조직의 부작용)를 기록한 후 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.실험군 및 대조군의 색 변화량 (ΔE)은 2이상으로 인지할 수 있는 색 변화를 보였으며, 두 제품 간에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 (p > 0.05) 유사한 미백효능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 2,미백효과는 명도의 개선보다는 주로 a. b값의 변화에 의한 것으로 특히 실험군에서 b값의 변화, 즉 황색조의 개선효과가 대조군에 비해 유의성 있게 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p <0.05). 3.치아나 치은의 과민증이나 이상증상을 호소하는 피험자는 없어 두 제품 모두 안전성을 확인할 수 있었다.

대형 화재로 인한 사상자의 손상 유형과 합병증 : 동인천 라이브호프 화재를 중심으로

신중호,김재광,염석란,신종환,민순식,임용수,양혁준,이근,황성연 대한응급의학회 2001 대한응급의학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Background: High risks of fire alway exist for buildings in urban areas, especially those in downtown. Crowds, as well as more complex and larger structures, may cause more victims in the event of fire; therefore, emergency medical service plans must be established for such disastrous events. Methods: On the evening of October 30,1999, a fire broke out in downtown, Dong-Incheon Live-Hof restaurant; 56 people were killed and 76 were injured. Most of them were teenagers. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the victims, Results: 1) Among the 56 dead, 54 died from smoke inhalation, one from extensive burns, and one from sepsis during treatment. 2) Among the 76 injured, 70 patients suffered from smoke inhalation, 53 from burns, and 9 from several types of trauma (sprains, contusions, lacerations, abrasions, fractures, etc.). 3) Later complications were laryngeal edema, pulmonary edema, scar contracture, and hypoxic brain damage, and so forth. 4) Post traumatic stress syndrome was unexpectedly more prevalent in mildly to moderately injured survivors and witnesses than in seriously injured survivors. Conclusion: Many complications exist after a fire. Some may be resolved in time, but others may result in permanent sequelae. Early rescue, early triage, and early management during transport by emergency medical service (EMS) personnel can result in fewer complications and a lower mortality rate. Therefore, we propose the establishment of plans to be followed during various major disasters.