중국어 ‘재(在)’의 한국어 대응 양상 연구

손방원 ( Sun Fangyuan ),김한샘 ( Kim Hansaem ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2020 비교문화연구 Vol.58 No.-

이 연구는 21세기 세종계획 한중 병렬 말뭉치에 출현한 현대중국어 ‘在’의 한국어 대응 양상을 분석하여 어휘 범주와 의미의 차이를 밝히는 데에 목적이 있다. 현대중국어 ‘在’ 중 가장 비중이 높은 개사는 의미 형성의 한 가지 수단으로서, 중국어 문법 체계에서 중요하고 특별한 지위를 차지하며 한국어 격조사와 비슷하면서도 차이점이 많다. 개사는 단독으로 문장 성분이 될 수 없으며, 다른 품사들과 함께 사용되어야만 수식이나 보충의 역할을 한다. 본고에서는 중국어의 개사의 개념을 살펴보고 사전 정보와 선행연구를 기반으로 ‘在’의 의미를 분석하였다. 그리고 21세기 세종계획 중한 병렬 말뭉치를 기반으로 ‘在’를 포함하는 중국어 문장과 이에 대응하는 한국어 문장을 분석하여 각각의 어휘 범주와 의미 등을 비교하였다. ‘在’가 동사로서 쓰일 때 가장 많이 대응되는 한국어 표현은 ‘에 있다’이고, 중국어 부사와 주로 대응되는 것은 보조동사 ‘고 있다’였다. 중국어 개사 ‘在’는 장소의 의미를 가장 많이 나타내며 주로 ‘에’, ‘에서’의 순으로 대응된다는 기존의 논의를 실례를 통해 확인하였다. 중국어 개사 ‘在’가 ‘에’, ‘에서’와 대응할 때는 범위의 의미를 나타내기도 하였다. 이러한 대조 분석은 대조언어학이나 번역학뿐만 아니라 중국인 한국어 학습자의 조사 사용 오류를 줄이는 데에 기여한다는 교육적 의의가 있다. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Korean counterparts of the modern Chinese ‘在’ that appeared in the parallel corpus of the 21st century Sejong Project to reveal the difference between meaning and scope of use. The most important part of the modern Chinese ‘在’ is a means of forming meaning, occupying an important and special position in the Chinese grammar system, similar to the Korean particle, but with many differences. Chinese preposition cannot be a sentence component alone, and must be used together with other parts of speech to serve as a formula or supplement. In the sentence, ‘在’ is mainly combined with words indicating the meaning of time, range, direction, and status as well as the words that indicate the meaning of location. In this paper, we looked at the concept of Chinese preposition and analyzed the meaning of ‘在’ based on information of dictionary and prior research. In addition, based on the parallel corpus of the 21st century Sejong Project, we analyzed the Chinese sentence containing ‘在’ and the corresponding Korean sentence to compare each part of speech and meaning. This contrasting analysis has educational significance that contributes to reducing errors in usage of Korean particle by Chinese Korean learners.

Highly Sensitive Diagnosis of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using pH-Responsive Iron Oxide Nanocluster Assemblies

Lu, Jingxiong,Sun, Jihong,Li, Fangyuan,Wang, Jin,Liu, Jianan,Kim, Dokyoon,Fan, Chunhai,Hyeon, Taeghwan,Ling, Daishun American Chemical Society 2018 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY - Vol.140 No.32

<P>Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents have been widely used for the diagnosis of hepatic lesions. However, current IONP-based liver-specific MRI contrast agents rely on single-phase contrast enhancement of the normal liver, which is not sensitive enough to detect early stage small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). We herein report i-motif DNA-assisted pH-responsive iron oxide nanocluster assemblies (termed RIAs), which provide an inverse contrast enhancemt effect to improve the distinction between normal liver and target HCC tissues. The acidic pH of the tumor microenvironment triggers the disassembly of the RIAs, which leads to a drastic decrease in their relaxivity ratio (<I>r</I><SUB>2</SUB>/<I>r</I><SUB>1</SUB>), thus converting the RIAs from a T2 to T1 contrast agent. This inverse contrast enhancement of normal liver darkening and HCC brightening under T1 imaging mode was validated on an orthotopic HCC model. Our design provides a novel strategy for the exploitation of the next-generation intelligent MRI contrast agents.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Renal-Clearable Hollow Bismuth Subcarbonate Nanotubes for Tumor Targeted Computed Tomography Imaging and Chemoradiotherapy

Hu, Xi,Sun, Jihong,Li, Fangyuan,Li, Ruiqing,Wu, Jiahe,He, Jie,Wang, Nan,Liu, Jianan,Wang, Shuaifei,Zhou, Fei,Sun, Xiaolian,Kim, Dokyoon,Hyeon, Taeghwan,Ling, Daishun American Chemical Society 2018 Nano letters Vol.18 No.2

<P>Although metallic nanomaterials with high X-ray attenuation coefficients have been widely used as X-ray computed tomography (CT) contrast agents, their intrinsically poor biodegradability requires them to be cleared from the body to avoid any potential toxicity. On the other hand, extremely small-sized nanomaterials with outstanding renal clearance properties are not much effective for tumor targeting because of their too rapid clearance in vivo. To overcome this dilemma, here we report on the hollow bismuth subcarbonate nanotubes (BNTs) assembled from renal-clearable ultrasmall bismuth subcarbonate nanoclusters for tumor-targeted imaging and chemoradiotherapy. The BNTs could be targeted to tumors with high efficiency and exhibit a high CT contrast effect. Moreover, simultaneous radio- and chemotherapy using drug-loaded BNTs could significantly suppress tumor volumes, highlighting their potential application in CT imaging-guided therapy. Importantly, the elongated nanotubes could be disassembled into isolated small nanoclusters in the acidic tumor microenvironment, accelerating the payload release and kidney excretion. Such body clearable CT contrast agent with high imaging performance and multiple therapeutic functions shall have a substantial potential for biomedical applications.</P>

Maternal betaine supplementation ameliorates fatty liver disease in offspring mice by inhibiting hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Li Lun,Sun Liuqiao,Liang Xiaoping,Ou Qian,Tan Xuying,Li Fangyuan,Lai Zhiwei,Ding Chenghe,Chen Hangjun,Yu Xinxue,Wu Qiongmei,Wei Jun,Wu Feng,Wang Lijun 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.6

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Previous research has shown maternal betaine supplementation alleviates fetal-derived hepatic steatosis. Therefore, this study examined the anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine intake in offspring mice and its mechanism. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female C57BL/6J mice and their offspring were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the treatment received during gestation and lactation: control diet (CD), fatty liver disease (FLD), and fatty liver disease + 1% betaine (FLD-BET). The FLD group was given a high-fat diet and streptozotocin (HFD + STZ), and the FLD-BET group was treated with HFD + STZ + 1% betaine. After weaning, the offspring mice were given a normal diet for 5 weeks and then dissected to measure the relevant indexes. RESULTS: Compared to the CD group, the offspring mice in the FLD group revealed obvious hepatic steatosis and increased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; maternal betaine supplementation reversed these changes. The hepatic mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-18, and Caspase-1 were significantly higher in the FLD group than in the CD group. Maternal betaine supplementation reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC). Maternal betaine supplementation also reversed the increasing protein expressions of nitric oxide dioxygenase-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 in offspring mice exposed to HFD + STZ. Maternal betaine supplementation decreased the homocysteine (Hcy) and s-adenosine homocysteine (SAH) levels significantly in the livers. Furthermore, the hepatic Hcy concentrations showed significant inverse relationships with the mRNA expression of TNF-α, NLRP3, ASC, and IL-18. The hepatic SAH concentration was inversely associated with the IL-1β mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS: The lipotropic and anti-inflammatory effect of maternal betaine supplementation may be associated with the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome in the livers of the offspring mice.

Arginine-Rich Manganese Silicate Nanobubbles as a Ferroptosis-Inducing Agent for Tumor-Targeted Theranostics

Wang, Shuaifei,Li, Fangyuan,Qiao, Ruirui,Hu, Xi,Liao, Hongwei,Chen, Lumin,Wu, Jiahe,Wu, Haibin,Zhao, Meng,Liu, Jianan,Chen, Rui,Ma, Xibo,Kim, Dokyoon,Sun, Jihong,Davis, Thomas P.,Chen, Chunying,Tian, American Chemical Society 2018 ACS NANO Vol.12 No.12

<P>Ferroptosis, an iron-based cell-death pathway, has recently attracted great attention owing to its effectiveness in killing cancer cells. Previous investigations focused on the development of iron-based nanomaterials to induce ferroptosis in cancer cells by the up-regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by the well-known Fenton reaction. Herein, we report a ferroptosis-inducing agent based on arginine-rich manganese silicate nanobubbles (AMSNs) that possess highly efficient glutathione (GSH) depletion ability and thereby induce ferroptosis by the inactivation of glutathione-dependent peroxidases 4 (GPX4). The AMSNs were synthesized <I>via</I> a one-pot reaction with arginine (Arg) as the surface ligand for tumor homing. Subsequently, a significant tumor suppression effect can be achieved by GSH depletion-induced ferroptosis. Moreover, the degradation of AMSNs during the GSH depletion contributed to <I>T</I><SUB>1</SUB>-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enhancement as well as on-demand chemotherapeutic drug release for synergistic cancer therapy. We anticipate that the GSH-depletion-induced ferroptosis strategy by using manganese-based nanomaterials would provide insights in designing nanomedicines for tumor-targeted theranostics.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Untargeted metabolite profiling of serum in rats exposed to pyrraline

Chuanqin Hu,Jiahui Wang,Fangyuan Qi,Yingli Liu,Fen Zhao,Jing Wang,Baoguo Sun 한국식품과학회 2023 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.32 No.11

Pyrraline, one of advanced glycation end-products, is formed in advanced Maillard reactions. It was reported that the presence of pyrraline was tested to be associated with nephropathy and diabetes. Pyrraline might result in potential health risks because many modern diets are heat processed. In the study, an integrated metabolomics by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to evaluate the effects of pyrraline on metabolism in rats. Thirty-two metabolites were identified as differential metabolites. Linolenic acid metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism, tyrosine metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism were the main perturbed networks in this pathological process. Differential metabolites and metabolic pathways we found give new insights into studying the toxic molecular mechanisms of pyrraline.

Modeling of dynamic recrystallization in white layer in dry hard cutting by finite element—cellular automaton method

Duan Chunzheng,Zhang Fangyuan,Qin Siwei,Sun Wei,Wang Minjie 대한기계학회 2018 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.32 No.9

White layer formed in hard cutting process has great influence on surface quality of the workpiece, simulation of the white layer has great significance. Dynamic recrystallization critical temperature model is derived to calculate the critical temperature of the dynamic recrystallization in the white layer. A finite element model was developed to simulate the hard cutting process based on the JohnsonCook constitutive equation. The dynamic recrystallization critical temperature was derived based on the true stress-strain curves obtained by the split Hopkinson pressure bar experiments. The cellular automaton model which aims to simulate the white layer grains formed by the dynamic recrystallization process in hard cutting is established. The temperature and strain data extracted from the finite element model are used in the cellular automaton model. The contrast between the simulation and experimental results demonstrates that the cellular automaton model can simulate the dynamic recrystallization process in the white layer accurately. The dynamic recrystallization processes in the white layer under different cutting speed and flank wear are simulated based on the finite element - cellular automaton model. The results show that the dynamic recrystallization grain size of the white layer decreases with the increase in cutting speed and tool wear.

Ultrathin MEMS thermoelectric generator with Bi2Te3/(Pt, Au) multilayers and Sb2Te3 legs

Liu Yang,Mu Erzhen,Wu Zhenhua,Che Zhanxun,Sun Fangyuan,Fu Xuecheng,Wang Fengdan,Wang Xinwei,Hu Zhiyu 나노기술연구협의회 2020 Nano Convergence Vol.7 No.8

Multilayer structure is one of the research focuses of thermoelectric (TE) material in recent years. In this work, n-type 800 nm ­Bi 2 Te 3 /(Pt, Au) multilayers are designed with p-type ­Sb 2 Te 3 legs to fabricate ultrathin microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) TE devices. The power factor of the annealed ­Bi 2 Te 3 /Pt multilayer reaches 46.5 μW cm −1 K −2 at 303 K, which corresponds to more than a 350% enhancement when compared to pristine ­Bi 2 Te 3 . The annealed ­Bi 2 Te 3 /Au multilayers have a lower power factor than pristine ­Bi 2 Te 3 . The power of the device with ­Sb 2 Te 3 and ­Bi 2 Te 3 /Pt multilayers measures 20.9 nW at 463 K and the calculated maximum output power reaches 10.5 nW, which is 39.5% higher than the device based on ­Sb 2 Te 3 and ­Bi 2 Te 3 , and 96.7% higher than the ­Sb 2 Te 3 and ­Bi 2 Te 3 /Au multilayers one. This work can provide an opportunity to improve TE properties by using multilayer structures and novel ultrathin MEMS TE devices in a wide variety of applications.

The stacked over-expression of FPS, CYP71AV1 and CPR genes leads to the increase of artemisinin level in Artemisia annua L.

Yunfei Chen,Qian Shen,Yueyue Wang,Tao Wang,Shaoyan Wu,Ling Zhang,Xu Lu,Fangyuan Zhang,Weimin Jiang,Bo Qiu,Erdi Gao,Xiaofen Sun,Kexuan Tang 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.3

Artemisinin is an endoperoxide sesquiterpenelactone isolated from the aerial parts of Artemisia annua L.,and is presently the most potent anti-malarial drug. Owingto the low yield of artemisinin from A. annua as well as thewidespread application of artemisinin-based combinationtherapy recommended by the World Health Organization,the global demand for artemisinin is substantially increasingand is therefore rendering artemisinin in short supply. An economical way to increase artemisinin production is toincrease the content of artemisinin in A. annua. In thisstudy, three key genes in the artemisinin biosynthesispathway, encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase, amorpha-4, 11-diene C-12 oxidase and its redox partner cytochromeP450 reductase, were over-expressed in A. annuathrough Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Thetransgenic lines were confirmed by Southern blotting andthe over-expressions of the genes were demonstrated byreal-time PCR assays. The HPLC analysis showed that theartemisinin contents in transgenic lines were increasedsignificantly, with the highest one found to be 3.6-foldhigher (2.9 mg/g FW) than that of the control. Theseresults demonstrate that multigene engineering is aneffective way to enhance artemisinin content in A. annua.

The stacked over-expression of FPS, CYP71AV1 and CPR genes leads to the increase of artemisinin level in Artemisia annua L.

nter, Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Chen, Yunfei,Shen, Qian,Wang, Yueyue,Wang, Tao,Wu, Shaoyan,Zhang, Ling,Lu, Xu,Zhang, Fangyuan,Jiang, Weimin,Qiu, Bo,Gao, Erdi,Sun, Xiaofen,Tang, Kexuan 한국식물생명공학회 2013 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.7 No.3