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Diagnostic Ability of High-definition Imaging Using Ultraslim Endoscopes in Early Gastric Cancer
Sugita, Tomomi,Suzuki, Sho,Ichijima, Ryoji,Ogura, Kanako,Kusano, Chika,Ikehara, Hisatomo,Gotoda, Takuji,Moriyama, Mitsuhiko The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2021 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.21 No.3
Purpose: It is unclear whether high-definition (HD) imaging improves visibility and diagnostic ability in early gastric cancer (EGC) compared with standard-definition (SD) imaging. We aimed to compare the diagnostic performance and visibility scores of HD and SD ultraslim endoscopes in EGC. Materials and Methods: We used HD and SD ultraslim endoscopes to obtain 60 images with similar compositions of gastric environments. Of the 60 images, 30 showed EGC (15 images for each modality) and 30 showed no EGC (15 images for each modality). Seventeen endoscopists evaluated the presence and location of the lesions in each image. Diagnostic ability was compared between modalities. The color difference between a lesion and the surrounding mucosa (ΔE) was measured and compared between the modalities. Results: The ability of HD to detect EGC was significantly higher than that of SD (accuracy: 80.8% vs. 71.6%, P=0.017; sensitivity: 94.9% vs. 76.5%, P<0.001; positive predictive value, 76.2% vs. 55.3%, P<0.001; and negative predictive value (NPV), 94.1% vs. 73.5%, P<0.001). The ability of HD to determine the horizontal extent of EGC was significantly higher than that of SD (accuracy: 71.0% vs. 57.8%, P=0.004; sensitivity: 75.3% vs. 49.0%, P<0.001; NPV, 72.9% vs. 55.9%, P<0.001; and area under the curve: 0.891 vs. 0.631, P=0.038). The mean ΔE was significantly higher for HD than for SD (10.3 vs. 5.9, P=0.011). Conclusions: The HD ultraslim endoscope showed a higher diagnostic performance in EGC than the SD endoscope because it provided good color contrast.
( Yoshihito Sugita ) 범태평양 응용언어학회 2009 Journal of Pan-Pacific Association of Applied Ling Vol.13 No.2
The main purpose of this research is 1) to establish a framework for the test development and the constructs of writing performance test, 2) to implement a developed writing performance assessment, and 3) to examine the degree of reliability and validity of the assessment tasks and rating scales. Construct-based processing approach to testing resulted in a comprehensive framework for our test development. Accuracy and communicability were defined as constructs, and the test development proceeded according to the three stages. The test was conducted as an examination into the assessment tasks and rating scales, and the analyses were done using FACETS. The results showed that 1) the difficulty of the two tasks and the impressionistic scoring were considered equivalent, which provided reasonable fit to the Rasch model, 2) the equivalence of task difficulty may indicate that task development based on constructbased processing approach could be reliable and valid to estimate students`` writing ability, and 3) the rating scales associated with the five rating categories and their specific written samples were shown to be mostly comprehensible and usable by raters, and demonstrated acceptable fit. However, there is still room for argument about the reliability and validity of assessment tasks and rating scales.
An Active Japanese Foreign Policy Impeded by a Frustrated Public in the Post-Cold War Era
Yoneyuki Sugita 통일연구원 2005 International journal of korean unification studie Vol.14 No.2
The Japanese government sought to take a more active foreign policy in the post-Cold War era, especially after the Gulf War. Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi made a significant foreign policy decision to visit Pyongyang in September 2002 to begin a process of normalizing relations with North Korea. The move was intended to be emblematic of a reorientation of Japan’s foreign policy onto a new course that was realist, activist, and suited to the post-Cold War era. However, an unmanageable level of domestic frustration among the Japanese people impeded the Japanese government in taking this new orientation any further. This frustration was born out of despondency over domestic economic conditions in the 1990s, the impotence of being an economic superpower with little foreign policy stature, and the emotional shock that came from learning that Japanese citizens had been kidnapped by North Korean agents. Focusing on the conditions that contributed to the development of a more active Japanese foreign policy and those that eventually undermined it (at least for now), this paper, being critical of the propensity of mass opinion to affect foreign policy, suggests that mass bigotry and popular passions can generate an irrational outcome that prevents decision makers from executing a rational foreign policy. The Japanese government sought to take a more active foreign policy in the post-Cold War era, especially after the Gulf War. Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi made a significant foreign policy decision to visit Pyongyang in September 2002 to begin a process of normalizing relations with North Korea. The move was intended to be emblematic of a reorientation of Japan’s foreign policy onto a new course that was realist, activist, and suited to the post-Cold War era. However, an unmanageable level of domestic frustration among the Japanese people impeded the Japanese government in taking this new orientation any further. This frustration was born out of despondency over domestic economic conditions in the 1990s, the impotence of being an economic superpower with little foreign policy stature, and the emotional shock that came from learning that Japanese citizens had been kidnapped by North Korean agents. Focusing on the conditions that contributed to the development of a more active Japanese foreign policy and those that eventually undermined it (at least for now), this paper, being critical of the propensity of mass opinion to affect foreign policy, suggests that mass bigotry and popular passions can generate an irrational outcome that prevents decision makers from executing a rational foreign policy.
Water Quality Conservation in Rural Areas of Japan - Case Study of Rural Sewerage Project -
Taniyama, Shigetaka,Sugita, Hideo The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers 2000 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.42 No.-
In this presentation I would like to introduce the Rural Sewerage Project, subsidized by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF), for the purpose of water quality conservation and improvement of life in rural areas of Japan. Specifically, it will cover background information on the inauguration of the Project, its strong points, wastewater technology and some of its problems, system of the Project, etc.