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Lee, N.S.,Kim, J.S.,Cho, W.J.,Lee, M.R.,Steiner, R.,Gompers, A.,Ling, D.,Zhang, J.,Strom, P.,Behlke, M.,Moon, S.H.,Salvaterra, P.M.,Jove, R.,Kim, K.S. Academic Press 2008 Biochemical and biophysical research communication Vol.377 No.2
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs) possess the remarkable property of self-renewal and differentiation potency. They are model preparations for investigating the underlying mechanisms of ''stemness''. microRNAs are recently discovered small noncoding RNAs with a broad spectrum of functions, especially in control of development. Here, we show that miR-302b indirectly regulates expression of the pluripotent stem cell marker Oct4, and it directly regulates expression of Cyclin D2 protein, a developmental regulator during gastrulation. Using loss-of function and gain-of function approaches, we demonstrate that functional miR-302b is necessary to maintain stem cell self-renewal and inhibit neuronal differentiation of human ECCs. During retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation, Cyclin D2 protein but not mRNA expression is strongly increased, concurrent with the down-regulation of miR-302b and Oct4. Our results suggest that miR-302b plays an important role in maintaining the pluripotency of ECCs and probably ESCs, by post-transcriptional regulation of Cyclin D2 expression.
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Energy harvesting performance and flow structure of an oscillating hydrofoil with finite span
Kim, D.,Strom, B.,Mandre, S.,Breuer, K. Academic Press 2017 Journal of fluids and structures Vol.70 No.-
<P>The energy harvesting performance and resulting flow structures of a hydrofoil oscillating in pitch and heave are studied experimentally in a water flume. The shape of a hydrofoil cross-section is shown to have negligible influence on the power generation for the geometries tested. It is found that contribution to efficiency from heaving motion increases with reduced frequency at optimal pitching amplitude. However, contribution to efficiency from pitching motion decreases with reduced frequency because the development of a leading-edge vortex during the stroke is delayed at the high reduced frequency. Increasing the aspect ratio of the hydrofoil leads to a higher contribution to efficiency from heaving over the range of aspect ratios considered in this study. However, the effect of the aspect ratio on efficiency from pitching is negligible. When end plates are mounted at both ends of the hydrofoil, heaving power enhances. However, the enhancement of heaving power becomes smaller with increasing aspect ratio. Meanwhile, pitching power improves uniformly with the addition of end plates for all three aspect ratios. Our study suggests that the dependence of energy harvesting performance on aspect ratio is due to the delayed growth of the leading-edge vortex near the ends of the hydrofoil.</P>
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