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A Survey of Old-field Herbs for Susceptibility to Phenolic Compounds
Stowe, L. Gordon,Kil, Bong-Seop,Yim, Yang-Jai 圓光大學校 基礎自然科學硏究所 1988 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.7 No.3
北美 Massachusetts주에 있는 묵밭에 나는 名 屬의 草本植物 27種을 골라 實驗室에서 5 x 10^3M ∼ 10^5M 사이의 濃度別 p-coumaric acid와 p-hydroxybenzoec acid가 名 植物의 發芽와 生長에 미치는 影響을 實驗하였다. 그 中 實驗에 성공한 18種에서 얻은 結果로부터 5 x 10^-5M 濃度에서는 대부분의 植物이 對照區와 有意한 差異를 나타내지 않았으나 5 x 10^3M 濃度에서는 심한 抑制를 나타냈으며, 5 x 10^4M 과 5 x 10^3M 사이에 臨界濃度가 있음을 밝혔다. 또 이러한 現象은 p-hydroxybenzoic acid보다 p-coumaric acid에서 더 뚜렷하였다. 發芽, 伸張 및 乾量生長에 있어 대체로 遷移의 初期段階에 나는 種인 Cirsium과 Lepidium 등이 後期段階에 나는 植物種보다 더욱 뚜렷하게 抑制됨으로써 前者의 種間競爭에 중요한 役割을 하는 것으로 해석된다. 또 抵抗指數(resistance indes, 5x 10^3M의 phenolics에 대한 種의 感應)는 種에 따라 달랐지만 發芽率, 伸張, 乾物生長에서 얻은 指數値 사이에는 直線的 相關이 있었다. Phenolic compounds, p-coumaric and p-hydroxybenzoic acids, known as inhibitors for development and growth of many pioneer species on early stage of succession were used for the test of susceptibility in various herbs collected from abandoned agricultural fields in the vicinity of Amherst (U. S. A). The percent inhibition was generally greater for p-coumaric acid than for p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Concentrations of 5x 10^-5 and 5x 10^-4 M generally had no significant effects, but at 5x 10^-3 M was inhibitory to germination and growth of tested species. And the percent inhibition caused by the two phenolics was correlated (r=.843, p<.01). Also the indices of resistance for germination and elongation were significant (r=.695, p<.01) in this study. While cirsium and Lepidium invading species of early stage of succession were sharply susceptible for toxic activity by phenolic acids.
Stowe L . G .,길봉섭 (Bong Seop Kil),임양재 (Yang Jai Yim) 한국식물학회 1987 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.30 No.1
Phenolic compounds, p-coumaric and p-hydroxybenzoic acids, known as inhibitors for development and growth of many pioneer species on early stage of succession were used for the test of susceptibility in various herbs collected from abandoned agricultural fields in the vicinity of Amherst(U.S.A). The percent inhibition was generally greater for p-coumaric acid than for p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Concentrations of 5×10 exp(-5) and 5×10 exp(-4) M generally had no significant effects, but at 5×10 exp(-3) M was inhibitory to germination and growth of tested species. And the percent inhibition caused by the two phenolics was correlated(r=.843, p<.01). Also the indices of resistance for germination and clongation were significant(r=.695, p<.01) in this study. While Cirsium and Lepidium invading species of early stage of succession were sharply susceptible for toxic activity by phenolic acids.
First-principles assessment of CO<sub>2</sub> capture mechanisms in aqueous piperazine solution
Stowe, Haley M.,Paek, Eunsu,Hwang, Gyeong S. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.18 No.36
<P>Piperazine (PZ) and its blends have emerged as attractive solvents for CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture, but the underlying reaction mechanisms still remain uncertain. Our study particularly focuses on assessing the relative roles of PZCOO<SUP>−</SUP> and PZH<SUP>+</SUP> produced from the PZ + CO<SUB>2</SUB> reaction. PZCOO<SUP>−</SUP> is found to directly react with CO<SUB>2</SUB> forming COO<SUP>−</SUP>PZCOO<SUP>−</SUP>, whereas PZH<SUP>+</SUP> will not. However, COO<SUP>−</SUP>PZCOO<SUP>−</SUP> appears very unlikely to be produced in thermodynamic equilibrium with monocarbamates, suggesting that its existence would predominantly originate from the surface reaction that likely occurs. We also find production of H<SUP>+</SUP>PZCOO<SUP>−</SUP> to be more probable with increasing CO<SUB>2</SUB> loading, due partly to the thermodynamic favorability of the PZH<SUP>+</SUP> + PZCOO<SUP>−</SUP>→ H<SUP>+</SUP>PZCOO<SUP>−</SUP> + PZ reaction; the facile PZ liberation may contribute to its relatively high CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption rate. This study highlights an accurate description of surface reaction and the solvent composition effect is critical in thermodynamic and kinetic models for predicting the CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture processes.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>In this theoretical study, we elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption in aqueous piperazine (PZ) solution. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c6cp03584a'> </P>
Stowe, Haley M.,Hwang, Gyeong S. American Chemical Society 2017 INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH - Vol.56 No.24
<P>Aqueous amine-based chemical scrubbing has been considered the most promising near-term solution for CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture from flue gas. However, its widespread implementation is hindered by the high cost associated with the parasitic energy consumption during solvent regeneration, along with degradation and corrosion problems. Computer simulations have been widely used to improve our fundamental understanding of CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption materials and processes in efforts to design and develop high-performance, cost-effective solvents. Here, we review recent progress in first-principles studies on molecular mechanisms underlying CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption into aqueous amines and solvent regeneration. We also briefly discuss aspects that remain unclear, such as degradation and corrosion mechanisms, and the reaction-diffusion behavior of CO<SUB>2</SUB> at the solvent/gas interface. This review highlights the increasingly significant role of first-principles-based atomistic modeling in exploring the function and properties of candidate materials, as well as the complex physicochemical phenomena underlying CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture, solvent degradation, and corrosion, especially when direct experimental characterization at the atomic level may be difficult.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/iecred/2017/iecred.2017.56.issue-24/acs.iecr.7b00213/production/images/medium/ie-2017-00213t_0012.gif'></P>
Sang Hoon Lee,Dorrik A. V. Stow 한국지질과학협의회 2007 Geosciences Journal Vol.11 No.4
Detailed analysis of submarine landslide deposits from extensive outcrops of a Miocene slope succession (southern Cyprus) reveals significant information on basal shear surfaces of the slides. The deposits, 325 m thick, occur as lobate beds in transverse section at two stratigraphic horizons. Each slide lobe shows a series of adjacent concave-up basal shear surfaces, 30150 m wide, which nearly intersect or overlap with their neighbors. The upward curved or stepped margins of basal shear surfaces, here called shear wings, exhibit variable length (ca. 530 m long) and inclination. The basal shear surfaces were probably initiated along a bedding-parallel weak horizon, but propagated upward at some point where downslope driving stresses decreased or resisting forces increased. Considering the dimension (ca. 530 m long) of the shear wings, the multiple, adjacent concave-up basal shear surfaces can be seen as a single basal shear plane in most high-resolution subbottom and seismic images because of the limit of acoustic resolution. The multiple contiguous, concave-up basal shear surfaces in each lobe suggest that a submarine landslide lobe probably moved downslope as several sub-blocks in transverse section, rather than as a single unified one. The boundary of the sub-blocks where concave-up basal shear surfaces nearly intersect or overlap with their neighbors marks a zone of differential movement between the sub-blocks, each probably showing very subtle differences in magnitude or speed of downslope movement. This subtly differential movement would create intense sediment deformation at the boundary between the sub-blocks, and may lead to longitudinal shear ridges on the upper surface.
Cha, Y.,Park, S. S.,Kim, K.,Byeon, M.,Stow, C. A. Wiley 2014 Water resources research Vol.50 No.3
There have been increasing reports of harmful algal blooms (HABs) worldwide. However, the factors that influence cyanobacteria dominance and HAB formation can be site-specific and idiosyncratic, making prediction challenging. The drivers of cyanobacteria blooms in Lake Paldang, South Korea, the summer climate of which is strongly affected by the East Asian monsoon, may differ from those in well-studied North American lakes. Using the observational data sampled during the growing season in 2007-2011, a Bayesian hurdle Poisson model was developed to predict cyanobacteria abundance in the lake. The model allowed cyanobacteria absence (zero count) and nonzero cyanobacteria counts to be modeled as functions of different environmental factors. The model predictions demonstrated that the principal factor that determines the success of cyanobacteria was temperature. Combined with high temperature, increased residence time indicated by low outflow rates appeared to increase the probability of cyanobacteria occurrence. A stable water column, represented by low suspended solids, and high temperature were the requirements for high abundance of cyanobacteria. Our model results had management implications; the model can be used to forecast cyanobacteria watch or alert levels probabilistically and develop mitigation strategies of cyanobacteria blooms.