Anemia Screening, Prevalence, and Treatment in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States, 2010–2014

Steven D. Miller,Carmelo Cuffari,Eboselume Akhuemonkhan,Anthony L. Guerrerio,Harold Lehmann,Susan Hutfless 대한소아소화기영양학회 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: We examined the prevalence of anemia, annual screening for anemia, and treatment of anemia with iron among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: A retrospective study of U.S. pediatric patients with IBD was performed in the MarketScan commercial claims database from 2010–2014. Children (ages 1–21) with at least two inpatient or outpatient encounters for IBD who had available lab and pharmacy data were included in the cohort. Anemia was defined using World Health Organization criteria. We used logistic regression to determine differences in screening, incident anemia, and treatment based on age at first IBD encounter and sex. Results: The cohort (n=2,446) included 1,560 Crohn's disease (CD) and 886 ulcerative colitis (UC). Approximately, 85% of CD and 81% of UC were screened for anemia. Among those screened, 51% with CD and 43% with UC had anemia. Only 24% of anemia patients with CD and 20% with UC were tested for iron deficiency; 85% were iron deficient. Intravenous (IV) iron was used to treat 4% of CD and 4% UC patients overall and 8% of those with anemia. Conclusion: At least 80% of children with IBD were screened for anemia, although most did not receive follow-up tests for iron deficiency. The 43%–50% prevalence of anemia was consistent with prior studies. Under-treatment with IV iron points to a potential target for quality improvement.

Anemia Screening, Prevalence, and Treatment in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States, 2010-2014

Miller, Steven D.,Cuffari, Carmelo,Akhuemonkhan, Eboselume,Guerrerio, Anthony L.,Lehmann, Harold,Hutfless, Susan The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: We examined the prevalence of anemia, annual screening for anemia, and treatment of anemia with iron among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: A retrospective study of U.S. pediatric patients with IBD was performed in the MarketScan commercial claims database from 2010-2014. Children (ages 1-21) with at least two inpatient or outpatient encounters for IBD who had available lab and pharmacy data were included in the cohort. Anemia was defined using World Health Organization criteria. We used logistic regression to determine differences in screening, incident anemia, and treatment based on age at first IBD encounter and sex. Results: The cohort (n=2,446) included 1,560 Crohn's disease (CD) and 886 ulcerative colitis (UC). Approximately, 85% of CD and 81% of UC were screened for anemia. Among those screened, 51% with CD and 43% with UC had anemia. Only 24% of anemia patients with CD and 20% with UC were tested for iron deficiency; 85% were iron deficient. Intravenous (IV) iron was used to treat 4% of CD and 4% UC patients overall and 8% of those with anemia. Conclusion: At least 80% of children with IBD were screened for anemia, although most did not receive follow-up tests for iron deficiency. The 43%-50% prevalence of anemia was consistent with prior studies. Under-treatment with IV iron points to a potential target for quality improvement.

High-density single-nucleotide polymorphism maps of the human genome

Miller, Raymond D.,Phillips, Michael S.,Jo, Inho,Donaldson, Miriam A.,Studebaker, Joel F.,Addleman, Nicholas,Alfisi, Steven V.,Ankener, Wendy M.,Bhatti, Hamid A.,Callahan, Chad E.,Carey, Benjamin J.,C Elsevier 2005 Genomics Vol.86 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Here we report a large, extensively characterized set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the human genome. We determined the allele frequencies of 55,018 SNPs in African Americans, Asians (Japanese–Chinese), and European Americans as part of The SNP Consortium's Allele Frequency Project. A subset of 8333 SNPs was also characterized in Koreans. Because these SNPs were ascertained in the same way, the data set is particularly useful for modeling. Our results document that much genetic variation is shared among populations. For autosomes, some 44% of these SNPs have a minor allele frequency ≥10% in each population, and the average allele frequency differences between populations with different continental origins are less than 19%. However, the several percentage point allele frequency differences among the closely related Korean, Japanese, and Chinese populations suggest caution in using mixtures of well-established populations for case–control genetic studies of complex traits. We estimate that ∼7% of these SNPs are private SNPs with minor allele frequencies <1%. A useful set of characterized SNPs with large allele frequency differences between populations (>60%) can be used for admixture studies. High-density maps of high-quality, characterized SNPs produced by this project are freely available.</P>

Chromatin Kinases Act on Transcription Factors and Histone Tails in Regulation of Inducible Transcription

Josefowicz, Steven Z.,Shimada, M.,Armache, A.,Li, Charles H.,Miller, Rand M.,Lin, S.,Yang, A.,Dill, Brian D.,Molina, H.,Park, H.S.,Garcia, Benjamin A.,Taunton, J.,Roeder, Robert G.,Allis, C. Cell Press 2016 Molecular cell Vol.64 No.2

<P>The inflammatory response requires coordinated activation of both transcription factors and chromatin to induce transcription for defense against pathogens and environmental insults. We sought to elucidate the connections between inflammatory signaling pathways and chromatin through genomic footprinting of kinase activity and unbiased identification of prominent histone phosphorylation events. We identified H3 serine 28 phosphorylation (H3S28ph) as the principal stimulation-dependent histone modification and observed its enrichment at induced genes in mouse macrophages stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we identified mitogen-and stress-activated protein kinases (MSKs) as primary mediators of H3S28ph in macrophages. Cell-free transcription assays demonstrated that H3S28ph directly promotes p300/CBP-dependent transcription. Further, MSKs can activate both signal-responsive transcription factors and the chromatin template with additive effects on transcription. Specific inhibition of MSKs in macrophages selectively reduced transcription of stimulation-induced genes. Our results suggest that MSKs incorporate upstream signaling inputs and control multiple downstream regulators of inducible transcription.</P>

Combined Dust Detection Algorithm for Asian Dust Events Over East Asia Using GK2A/AMI: a Case Study in October 2019

장재철,이수봉,손은하,노유정,Steven D. Miller 한국기상학회 2022 Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences Vol.58 No.1

A combined algorithm comprising multiple dust detection methods was developed using infrared (IR) channels onboard the GEOstationary Korea Multi-Purpose SATellite 2A equipped with the Advanced Meteorological Imager (GK2A/AMI). Six cloud tests using brightness temperature difference (BTD) were utilized to reduce errors caused by clouds. For detecting dust storms, three standard BTD tests (i.e., BT12.3 - BT10.5, BT8.7 - BT10.5, and BT11.2 - BT10.5 ) were combined with the polarized optical depth index (PODI). The combined algorithm normalizes the indices for cloud and dust detection, and adopts weighted combinations of dust tests depending on the observation time (day/night) and surface type (land/sea). The dust detection results were produced as quantitative confidence factors and displayed as false color imagery, applying a dynamic enhancement background reduction algorithm (DEBRA). The combined dust detection algorithm was qualitatively assessed by comparing it with dust RGB imageries and ground-based lidar data. The combined algorithm especially improved the discontinuity in weak dust advection to the sea and considerably reduced false alarms as compared to previous dust monitoring methods. For quantitative validation, we used aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and fine mode fraction (FMF) derived from low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites in daytime. For both severe and weakened dust cases, the probability of detection (POD) ranged from 0.667 to 0.850 and it indicated that the combined algorithm detects more potential dust pixels than other satellites. In particular, the combined algorithm was advantageous in detecting weak dust storms passing over the warm and humid Yellow Sea with low dust height and small AOT.

Tracking oceanic nonlinear internal waves in the Indonesian seas from geostationary orbit

Lindsey, Daniel T.,Nam, SungHyun,Miller, Steven D. Elsevier 2018 Remote sensing of environment Vol.208 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nonlinear Internal Waves (NLIWs) in the ocean are observable from passive satellite radiometers. The surface manifestations of these internally propagating waves are curvilinear bands demarcating relatively smooth and rough surface waters, providing a means for their detection via observations of sunglint. Typical horizontal scales of NLIWs are such that traditionally only high resolution (<1 km pixel) sensors aboard polar orbiting satellites could resolve them. The launch on 28 October 2014 of the Japanese Meteorological Agency's Himawari-8 geostationary satellite and its Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) opens up possibilities to study the spatio-temporal change of these relatively small scale NLIW features from geostationary orbit. Himawari-8 provides 500-m resolution visible imagery every 10 min over a hemispheric field of regard centered at 140.7° E longitude. These spatial and temporal resolutions allow for not only the identification of NLIWs over the low-latitude regions such as the Indonesian Seas, but also the ability to track the evolution of these waves in real time. Here, we present examples of NLIWs as viewed from Himawari-8/AHI and calculate a few basic wave quantities, including wavelength and propagation speed. These quantities were found to be consistent with previous observations and model simulations of NLIWs, but observations from AHI provide the ability to calculate wave propagation speeds in the same locations over multiple times a day for multiple days, which is impossible with polar-orbiting satellite data. Geostationary observations will augment the existing database of observed NLIWs and help to better quantify their spatial and temporal attributes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Identifying internal waves in low-latitude seas with unprecedented resolution </LI> <LI> New ability to track oceanic nonlinear internal waves from geostationary satellite </LI> <LI> Spatial and temporal changes in wave quantities such as propagating speed </LI> </UL> </P>

Satellite cloud vertical layers for aviation weather applications

Yoo-Jeong Noh,Jung-Hoon Kim,Steven D. Miller 한국기상학회 2019 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.10