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Defense Allocation, Inflation, and Unemployment in South Korea and Taiwan: A Granger Analysis
( Steve Chan ),( David R Davis ) 한국국방연구원 1991 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.3 No.2
There has been much concern in the relevant literature about the possible deleterious economic effects of large military expenditures. This concern seems justified in view of the recent economic collapse of the Soviet Union, and the declining industrial and commercial competitiveness of the United States. Thus, for example, it has been argued that a heavy defense burden can have economic conse-quences such as inflation and unemployment. However, it also seems to be the case that the conditions of a country`s political economy can affect decisions regarding the level and nature of resources devoted to the military sector. Therefore, the relationship between defense burden and economic performance may well be characterized by reciprocal influences. This paper studies the interactions among the defense and eco-nomic variables in two newiy-industrializing Asian countries: South Korea and Taiwan. These two countries have arguably the most successful economies in the developing world. At the same time, they have borne a much heavier defense burden than other devel-oping countries. Thus, South Korea and Taiwan seem to have escaped the cross-national tendency for defense spending to under- mine economic performance. Their apparent achievement of suc- cessfully combining the pursuit of security and growth makes these Asian cases especially interesting for policy as well as theoretical reasons. We apply vector auto regression to time series data from South Korea and Taiwan in order to determine the existence and, if so, the extent of Granger causality involved. This method has become increasingly popular among political scientists and economists for exploring the possible reciprocal relationships in the overtime inter- actions of variables. In this study we use it to examine the relation- ships between South Korea`s and Taiwan`s allocations of defense manpower and dollars on the one hand, and their unemployment and inflation rates on the other. With one exception in the South Korean case, our results fail to indicate direct and simple causal connections between these variables during the time period ana-lyzed, thereby suggesting that these two newly-industrializing East Asian countries have been largely successful in dampening the negative economic consequences of a comparatively heavy defense burden. Future research should attempt to determine whether de- fense allocations have indirect costs for the economy and should search for the policy as well as structural reasons that account for the relatively successful performance of South Korea and Taiwan in combining "guns" and "butter."
A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR OPTIMIZATION OF ROLLING SCHEDULE PROCEDURE PARAMETERS IN ERP SYSTEMS
Bai, Xue,Cao, Qidong,Davis, Steve 한국전산응용수학회 2003 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.12 No.1
The rolling schedule procedure has been an important part of the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. The performance of production planning in an ERP system depends on the selection of the three parameters in rolling schedule procedure: frozen interval, replanning interval, and planning horizon (forecast window). This research investigated, in a theoretical approach, the combined impact of selections of those three parameters. The proven mathematical theorems provided guidance to re-duction of instability (nervousness) and to seek the optimal balance between stability and responsiveness of ERP systems. Further the theorems are extended to incorporate the cost structure.
Analysis of the Complex Mechanisms of Defect Generation in Construction Projects
Aljassmi, Hamad,Han, Sangwon,Davis, Steve American Society of Civil Engineers 2016 Journal of construction engineering and management Vol.142 No.2
<P>There have been numerous research efforts to minimize construction defects and a variety of suggestions have been provided. However, while all of these suggestions are valuable and have the potential to prevent defects, a construction company may have difficulty adopting them due to financial and practical constraints. Thus, this calls for the identification and characterization of the most influential causes of defects, in order to prioritize defect prevention strategies. To address this necessity, this paper aims to identify the most important causes of defects in terms of frequency, magnitude, and pathogenicity. For this goal, a questionnaire survey of 106 industry professionals was conducted to examine 30 causes of defects, collected through an extensive literature review. High frequency and high magnitude causes were identified and traced back to their initiating causes. Accordingly, the five most pathogenic causes were found to be (1)organizational culture, (2)time pressure and constraints, (3)workplace quality system, (4)financial constraints on operational expenses, and (5)inadequate employee training or learning opportunities. This paper is valuable to researchers in terms of developing a theoretical foundation to analyze and visualize the complex mechanisms of defect generation in construction. Further, this paper is of value to practitioners in terms of providing an effective tool to set defect prevention strategies and prioritize investment areas for quality improvements. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.</P>