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Varga, M.,Stehlik, S.,Kaman, O.,Izak, T.,Domonkos, M.,Lee, D.S.,Kromka, A. Elsevier 2017 Carbon Vol.119 No.-
<P>Porous and self-standing structures are highly promising as membranes, electrodes, high sensitivity gas sensors, and supercapacitors due to their high surface area and tuneable surface properties. Composition of such materials with a polycrystalline diamond film may provide new functionalities for biological and electrochemical applications. However, the diamond growth on foreign substrates as a pinhole-free continuous thin film is still a not a trivial task. Here, we present a successful templated deposition process of polycrystalline diamond film on reticulated vitreous carbon foam (C-foam). Samples of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer-nanodiamond (ND) mixtures with various ND concentrations were prepared and characterized by means of optical spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential and pH measurements. The ND/PVA mixtures are employed for the preparation of diamond film by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition process, and the effect of their composition (NDs/PVA ratio) on the nucleation (seed density, clustering) and diamond growth (substrate etching, polymer transformation) is analysed. The nucleation, early-stage of diamond growth and the resulting diamond-coated C-foams are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The obtained results underline the importance to tailor the NDs/PVA ratio for a well-defined three-dimensional C-foam coverage with the continuous diamond film. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Temporal Trends of De Novo Malignancy Development After Heart Transplantation
Youn, Jong-Chan,Stehlik, Josef,Wilk, Amber R.,Cherikh, Wida,Kim, In-Cheol,Park, Gyeong-Hun,Lund, Lars H.,Eisen, Howard J.,Kim, Do Young,Lee, Sun Ki,Choi, Suk-Won,Han, Seongwoo,Ryu, Kyu-Hyung,Kang, Seo American College of Cardiology 2018 Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol.71 No.1
<P><B>Central Illustration</B></P><P>[Figure]</P><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Malignancy is a concern in cardiac transplant recipients, but the temporal trends of de novo malignancy development are unknown.</P><P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>The goal of this study was to describe the temporal trends of the incidence, types, and predictors of de novo malignancy in cardiac transplant recipients.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The authors analyzed the temporal trends of post-transplant incidence, types, and predictors of malignancy using 17,587 primary adult heart-only transplant recipients from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation registry. The main study outcomes included the incidence of, types of, and time to de novo malignancy.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The risk of any de novo solid malignancy between years 1 and 5 after transplantation was 10.7%. The cumulative incidence by malignancy type was: skin cancer (7.0%), non-skin solid cancer (4.0%), and lymphoproliferative disorders (0.9%). There was no temporal difference in the time to development according to malignancy type. However, the cumulative incidence of de novo solid malignancy increased from 2000 to 2005 vs. 2006 to 2011 (10.0% vs. 12.4%; p < 0.0001). Survival in patients after de novo malignancy was markedly lower than in patients without malignancy (p < 0.0001). Older recipients and patients who underwent transplantation in the recent era had a higher risk of de novo malignancy.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>More than 10% of adult heart transplant recipients developed de novo malignancy between years 1 and 5 after transplantation, and this outcome was associated with increased mortality. The incidence of post-transplant de novo solid malignancy increased temporally, with the largest increase in skin cancer. Individualized immunosuppression strategies and enhanced cancer screening should be studied to determine whether they can reduce the adverse outcomes of post-transplantation malignancy.</P>