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Stanley E. Gillilannd 대한보건협회 1987 대한보건연구 Vol.13 No.2
In order to an observation and fundamental study on the rate of water holding capacity for the meat hygiene in the samples of 224 Korean native cattle. After salughter, l0gm of the beef each was taken from chuck, rib, loin, rump, flank and round in order to measure water holding rate in percent. It is hope that the information will be used for reference in future endeavors of study in the field of Meat Hygiene in Veterinary Public Health and Food Hygiene in Public Health. The results were summarized as follows: 1) Results of water holding rate in the beef was 75.8±1.04% in Korean native cattle. 2) The mean value of water holding rate the parts of beef were 76.1±1.3% in chuck, 75.1±1.5% in rib, 75.4±0.7% in loin, 76.0±1.5% in rump, 75.5±1.4% in flank and 76. 5±1.5% in round, respectively. 3) The age and body weight gain of cattle showed the reverse proportion to water holding rate of beef(p<0.01). 4) There was a significant correlation(r=-0.558, P<0.01) between age and water holding rate of muscle(beef) in Korean native cattle and its induced regression equation was shown as the following: Y=78.02-0.631X(Y is water holding rate in %, X is age in year). 5) The correlation coefficient of body weight and water holding rate of muscle(beef) was r=-0.602(p<0.01) and the regression equation induced from it was : Y=80.679-0.012 X(Y is water holding rate in %, X is body weight in kg).
Recent Advances in the Pharmacology of Tardive Dyskinesia
Stanley N. Caroff 대한정신약물학회 2020 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.4
Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a syndrome of abnormal involuntary movements that follows treatment with dopamine D2-receptor antagonists. Recent approval of vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitors offers hope for reducing the impact of TD. Although these drugs represent a significant advance in patient care and a practical step forward in providing relief for patients with TD, understanding of the pharmacology of TD that could inform future research to prevent and reverse TD remains incomplete. This review surveys evidence for the effectiveness of VMAT2 inhibitors and other agents in the context of theories of pathogenesis of TD. In patients for whom VMAT2 inhibitors are ineffective or intolerable, as well as for extending therapeutic options and insights regarding underlying mechanisms, a review of clinical trial results examined as experimental tests of etiologic hypotheses is worthwhile. There are still compelling reasons for further investigations of the pharmacology of TD, which could generate alternative preventive and potentially curative treatments. Finally, benefits from novel drugs are best realized within an overall treatment strategy addressing the condition and needs of individual patients.
Stanley Anyanwu,Imeobong J. Inyang,Enosakhare A. Asemota,Okechi O. Obioma,Dorathy C. Okpokam,Victoria O. Agu 한국한의학연구원 2017 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.6 No.3
Background: The use of plants and plant products for medicinal purposes is an age-long practice in traditional communities and is becoming prominent globally. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata on the kidney and intestine of albino rats. Methods: Twenty growing albino rats with an average weight of 54 g were used in this study. They were grouped into four groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3, known as the test groups, were given 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 250 mg/kg ethanolic extract of C. odorata, respectively, while the control group was given distilled water orally. The experiment was performed for 6 weeks. The animals were killed using chloroform suffocation. The kidneys and the intestine were harvested and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histological analysis. Blood samples were collected from the animals by heart puncture for estimation of creatinine and urea levels. Results: The creatinine, urea, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase levels of blood sample from the test group were significantly different when compared with the control (p < 0.05). The histological sections of the kidneys in this study showed no signs of degeneration. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and epithelial erosion were observed in the histology sections of the intestine of all the test groups. Conclusion: The results from this study revealed that uncontrolled use of this plant extract has an adverse effect on the kidney function and on the histology of the intestine of the rats used in this study.
Drug-induced Hyperthermic Syndromes in Psychiatry
Stanley N. Caroff,Charles B. Watson,Henry Rosenberg 대한정신약물학회 2021 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.19 No.1
Hyperthermia, or extreme elevations in body temperature, can be life-threatening and may be caused by prescription drugs or illegal substances acting at a number of different levels of the neuraxis. Several psychotropic drug classes and combinations have been associated with a classic clinical syndrome of hyperthermia, skeletal muscle hypermetabolism, rigidity or rhabdomyolysis, autonomic dysfunction and altered mental status ranging from catatonic stupor to coma. It is critical for clinicians to have a high index of suspicion for these relatively uncommon drug-induced adverse effects and to become familiar with their management to prevent serious morbidity and mortality. Although these syndromes look alike, they are triggered by quite different mechanisms, and apart from the need to withdraw or restore potential triggering drugs and provide intensive medical care, specific treatments may vary. Clinical similarities have led to theoretical speculations about common mechanisms and shared genetic predispositions underlying these syndromes, suggesting that there may be a common “thermic stress syndrome” triggered in humans and animal models by a variety of pharmacological or environmental challenges.
Surgical Algorithm for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Update
Stanley Yung Chuan Liu,Robert Wayne Riley,유명상 대한이비인후과학회 2020 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.13 No.3
Sleep surgery is part of a continuum of care for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) that involves medical, pharmacologic, and behavioral therapy. Upper airway surgery for OSA can significantly improve stability by way of modulating the critical negative closing pressure. This is the same mechanism of action as positive airway pressure or oral appliance therapy. The updated surgical algorithm in this review adds precision in three areas: patient selection, identification of previously unaddressed anatomic phenotypes with associated treatment modality, and improved techniques of previously established procedures. While the original Riley and Powell phase 1 and 2 approach to sleep surgery has focused on individual surgical success rate, this algorithm strives for an overall treatment success with multi-modal and patient-centric treatments.