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The Influence of Obesity on the Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Atrial Fibrillation
Stafford Patrick L.,Harmon Evan K.,Patel Paras,Walker McCall,Lin Gen-Min,박승정,Chatterjee Neal A.,Mehta Nishaki K.,Mazimba Sula,Bilchick Kenneth,권영훈 대한수면학회 2021 sleep medicine research Vol.12 No.1
Background and Objective The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and atrial fibrillation (AF) has been closely studied. However, obesity is a powerful confounder in the causal relationship between OSA and cardiovascular disease. The contribution of obesity in the relationship between OSA and AF remains unclear. Methods We recruited 457 consecutive patients equally with and without AF who underwent clinically indicated diagnostic polysomnography at a single academic sleep center. Multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, and heart failure was performed to study the independent association between OSA and AF stratified by obesity. Results A total of 457 patients (male: 56.2%, mean age 63.1 ± 13.3 years) was included. OSA prevalence was similar between those with and without AF (52.6% vs. 47.4%, respectively; p = 0.24). In multivariable analysis, no association was found between AF and OSA regardless of obesity status. When severe OSA (vs. non-severe OSA) was modeled as a dependent variable, AF was associated with a higher likelihood of severe OSA in non-obese patients [odds ratio (OR): 2.29, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–4.35, p = 0.01], but not in obese patients (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.48–1.90, p = 0.89). Conclusions The association of OSA with AF was present only in the non-obese and was limited to severe OSA patients. In contrast, no association was found in obese patients. The association between OSA and AF is partly dependent on the body habitus
Ryan E. Stafford,John Arkwright,Phil G. Dinning,Wolbert van den Hoorn,Paul W. Hodges 대한비뇨의학회 2020 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.61 No.5
Purpose: To confirm feasibility of recording pressure along the length of the urethra using a multi-sensor fibre-optic pressure catheter; to identify the spatial and temporal features of changes in pressure along the urethra at sites related to specific striated pelvic floor muscles; and to investigate the relationship between urethral pressures and activation of individual pelvic floor muscles estimated from ultrasound imaging. Materials and Methods: Proof-of-concept study including one male (47 years old) and one female (33 years old). A multi-sensor fibre optic pressure catheter (10 mm sensor separation) was inserted into the urethra. Pressure data were recorded simultaneously with trans-perineal ultrasound imaging measures of pelvic floor muscle activity during sub-maximal and maximal voluntary contractions and evoked coughs. Results: Pressure changes along the urethra were recorded in all tasks in both participants. Face validity of interpretation of pressure measures with respect to individual muscles was supported by correlation with ultrasound-measured displacements induced by the relevant muscles. Onset of pressure increase occurred in a distal to proximal sequence in the urethra of the male but not the female during voluntary contraction. Peak urethral pressures varied in location, timing and amplitude between tasks. Evoked cough induced in the greatest urethral pressure increase across all tasks for both participants. Conclusions: The high spatial resolution pressure catheter provide viable and valid recordings of urethral pressure in a male and female. Data provide preliminary evidence of sex differences in spatial and temporal distribution of urethral pressure changes.
The Family Satisfaction of Business-Owning Families
Rha Jong-Youn,Stafford Kathryn The Korean Home Economics Association 2001 International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.2 No.1
This paper expands empirical research on family satisfaction by introducing the family APGAR scale, developed and validated in the field of nursing, to measure the satisfaction of business-owning families and applying the Stafford et al.(1999) model of sustainable family businesses to the assessment of family satisfaction. More specifically, this study compares the differences in the effects of business- and family-related variables on family satisfaction for the families of lifestyle business owners and earner business owners. The sample was drawn from the 1997 National Family Business Survey. The family satisfaction was greater for the families of lifestyle business owners, but the family variables made a greater contribution to the explanation of variance in the satisfaction of families of earner business owners. The regression equation explained a higher percentage of the variance for the families of earner business owners. Nine family variables were significant in the satisfaction equation for earner business owners, in contrast to seven significant family variables in the equation for lifestyle business owners. Structured families had a significant positive effect on the satisfaction of lifestyle business owners. The family manager's education, putting the family first rather than the business, and the family management score had significant effects on the satisfaction of earner business owners.
Identifying Disease of Interest With Deep Learning Using Diagnosis Code
조윤식,김은선,Stafford Patrick L.,오민환,Kwon Younghoon 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.11
Background: Autoencoder (AE) is one of the deep learning techniques that uses an artificial neural network to reconstruct its input data in the output layer. We constructed a novel supervised AE model and tested its performance in the prediction of a co-existence of the disease of interest only using diagnostic codes. Methods: Diagnostic codes of one million randomly sampled patients listed in the Korean National Health Information Database in 2019 were used to train, validate, and test the prediction model. The first used AE solely for a feature engineering tool for an input of a classifier. Supervised Multi-Layer Perceptron (sMLP) was added to train a classifier to predict a binary level with latent representation as an input (AE + sMLP). The second model simultaneously updated the parameters in the AE and the connected MLP classifier during the learning process (End-to-End Supervised AE [EEsAE]). We tested the performances of these two models against baseline models, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) and naïve Bayes, in the prediction of co-existing gastric cancer diagnosis. Results: The proposed EEsAE model yielded the highest F1-score and highest area under the curve (0.86). The EEsAE and AE + sMLP gave the highest recalls. XGB yielded the highest precision. Ablation study revealed that iron deficiency anemia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, essential hypertension, gastric ulcers, benign prostate hyperplasia, and shoulder lesion were the top 6 most influential diagnoses on performance. Conclusion: A novel EEsAE model showed promising performance in the prediction of a disease of interest.
Evgenia Gourgari,Jeanette M. Stafford,Ralph D'Agostino Jr,Lawrence M. Dolan,Jean M. Lawrence,Amy Mottl,Catherine Pihoker,Elaine M. Urbina,R. Paul Wadwa,Dana Dabelea 대한소아내분비학회 2019 Annals of Pediatirc Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol.24 No.3
Purpose: Youth with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated if metformin or statin use was associated with surrogate measures of improved CVD. Methods: We included participants from the SEARCH observational study. Participants treated with insulin plus metformin (n=42) or insulin plus statin (n=39) were matched with 84 and 78 participants, respectively, treated with insulin alone. Measures of arterial stiffness obtained were pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AI75), and heart rate variability as standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (SDNN) and root mean square differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD). Results: CVD measures were not significantly different among participants on insulin plus metformin versus those on insulin alone: PWV (5.9±1.0 m/sec vs. 5.8±1.5 m/sec, P=0.730), AI75 (1.8 [-6.0 to 8.0] vs. -2.4 [-10.7 to 3.8], P=0.157), SDNN (52.4 [36.8–71.1] m/sec vs. 51.8 [40.1–74.9] m/sec, P=0.592), and RMSSD (43.2 [29.4–67.6] vs. 47.4 [28.0–76.3], P=0.952). CVD measures were not different for statin users versus nonusers: PWV (5.7±0.8 m/sec vs. 5.9 ±1.1 m/sec, P=0.184), AI75 ( -4.0 [-9.5 to 1.7] vs. -6.7 [-11.3 to 5.7], P=0.998), SDNN (54.6 [43.5–77.2] m/sec vs. 63.1 [44.2–86.6] m/sec, P=0.369), and RMSSD (49.5 [31.2–74.8] vs. 59.2 [38.3–86.3], P=0.430). Conclusion: We found no associations of statin or metformin use with surrogate measures of CVD. Future prospective pediatric clinical trials could address this issue.
Molecular Layer‐by‐Layer Assembled Thin‐Film Composite Membranes for Water Desalination
Gu, Joung‐,Eun,Lee, Seunghye,Stafford, Christopher M.,Lee, Jong Suk,Choi, Wansuk,Kim, Bo‐,Young,Baek, Kyung‐,Youl,Chan, Edwin P.,Chung, Jun Young,Bang, Joona,Lee, Jung‐,Hyun WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2013 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.25 No.34
<P><B>Molecular layer‐by‐layer (mLbL) assembled thin‐film composite membranes</B> fabricated by alternating deposition of reactive monomers on porous supports exhibit both improved salt rejection and enhanced water flux compared to traditional reverse osmosis membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization. Additionally, the well‐controlled structures achieved by mLbL deposition further lead to improved antifouling performance.</P>
Warfarin and vitamin K epoxide reductase: a molecular accounting for observed inhibition
Wu, Sangwook,Chen, Xuejie,Jin, Da-Yun,Stafford, Darrel W.,Pedersen, Lee G.,Tie, Jian-Ke American Society of Hematology 2018 Blood Vol.132 No.6
<P>Vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR), an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, is the key enzyme for vitamin K-dependent carboxylation, a posttranslational modification that is essential for the biological functions of coagulation factors. VKOR is the target of the most widely prescribed oral anticoagulant, warfarin. However, the topological structure of VKOR and the mechanism of warfarin's inhibition of VKOR remain elusive. Additionally, it is not clear why warfarin-resistant VKOR mutations identified in patients significantly decrease warfarin's binding affinity, but have only a minor effect on vitamin K binding. Here, we used immunofluorescence confocal imaging of VKOR in live mammalian cells and PEGylation of VKOR's endogenous cytoplasmic-accessible cysteines in intact microsomes to probe the membrane topology of human VKOR. Our results show that the disputed loop sequence between the first and second transmembrane (TM) domain of VKOR is located in the cytoplasm, supporting a 3-TM topological structure of human VKOR. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, a T-shaped stacking interaction between warfarin and tyrosine residue 139, within the proposed TY(139)A warfarin-binding motif, was observed. Furthermore, a reversible dynamic warfarin-binding pocket opening and conformational changes were observed when warfarin binds to VKOR. Several residues (Y25, A26, and Y139) were found essential for warfarin binding to VKOR by MD simulations, and these were confirmed by the functional study of VKOR and its mutants in their native milieu using a cell-based assay. Our findings provide new insights into the dynamics of the binding of warfarin to VKOR, as well as into warfarin's mechanism of anticoagulation.</P>